IN AN OCEAN OF EMOTIONS: PHILIPPINE DRAMA

THE HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE THEATER

What is Philippine Theater?

•Tanghalang Pilipino (Philippine Theater) is the leading exponent of the Philippine Theater and
the resident drama company of the Cultural Center of the Philippines since its organization in
1987.
PHILIPPINE THEATER
• like any other genre it begun during the Precolonial Indigenous Drama
• these constitute rituals, verbal joust or games, and songs and dances praising their
respective gods.

Entrance of Spaniards
• indigenous drama were changed into two categories:
• Comedy or Komedya
• Zarzuela or Sarswela
• These were dramas taht were used to capture the imaginations and hearts of the Filipinos,
whom the spaniards have just colonized.
• COMEDY OR KOMEDYA
• Biag ni Prinsipe Constantino (Life of Prince COnstantine)
• by Lorenza Pre of Santa Catalina, Ilocos Sur
• written circa 1990, the komedya follows a traditional plot.
• Moro-moro
• are plays taht depicts the lives, loves, and wars of Moors and Christians.
• Comedia de capa y espada
• known as secular comedy
• Comedia de santo
• religious comedy
• ZARZUELA OR SARSWELA
• is a type of theater that is musical in nature-- it is both spoken and sung.
• The first zarzuela in the Philippines wa staged in 1878 or 1879 and was written by
Francisco Asnjo Barbeiri in 1855, entitled Jugar Con Fuego (Play with Fire)
 • Jose Rizal’s zarzuela: “Junto Al Pasig” and was staged in 1880.
• Teatro Zorilla

• the home of Zarzuelas

• PREDRAMATIC FORMS-PHILIPPINE THEATER
• Loas
• the dance dramas of Loas were originally performed for the royal court.
• Declamaciones
• is an artistic form of public speaking. It is a dramatic oration designed to
express through articulation, emphasis and gestures the full sense of the
text being conveyed.
• Oraciones

a formal public speech

• RAK OF AEGIS
• Authored by Lisa Magtoto
• Its unprecedented success showed that Filipinos are still craving for plays that
feature not only contemporary and important also fun, music, and dance.
• WRITER’S BLOC
• a player’s group
• has been actively inviting young playwrights to also have their unpublished plays
staged in a professional setting, namely, the Cultural Center of the Philippines or
CCP.
• VIRGIN LABFEST
• an avenue for new playwrights to submit their plays and have them staged with
professional directors, actresses, and props.
• attracts a diverse group of audience and plays that are parts of it run to a sold-out
crowd.
 The Plot Structure of Fiction
using the Freytag Pyramid
What is Plot?
Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story.
It shows how events and actions occur within a story.
Simply put, it's a way to understand how a story develops from beginning to end.
What is the Freytag Pyramid?
Freytag's Pyramid uses five main parts to describe a story's plot.
• It is a visual representation that shows how stories can be constructed.
• Each part has a specific role in shaping the story's development.
• This is the Freytag Pyramid
 Exposition

• is the introductory part of the story where essential background information is

provided.
• Inciting Incident- small events and telltale signs that tell you that a conflict is
about to begin. Also known as “the complication” of the story.

Rising Action

• refers to series of conflicts and crises in the story that lead to the climax.
• this is when the story starts to become more exciting.

Falling Action
• are the events that occur after the climax, leading to the resolution.

• is the result of the climax, and it is the part when things start falling into place for
the characters
 Climax

• is the turning point of the story. It can also be the most intense moment, either in
action or how characters feel.
• is the event with great tension in the story

Denouement

• is a French tern that means the “ending.”

• This is the conclusion of the story and often provides a sense of closure.
 THE LANDSCAPE OF PHILIPPINE FICTION

• FICTION

is a story that is entirely made up and is not true.

• At times, fiction may resemble reality, but it is purely circumstantial.
Jose Rizal’s books:

• Noli Me Tangere
• El Filibusterismo
These novels are long and sustained critical story about the Spanish rule

WHAT ARE THE COMMON TECHNIQUES USED BY THESE SHORT STORIES?

TECHNIQUES OF FICTION
• Character

⚬ is the one you relate with, converse with, or listen to the thoughts of.

⚬ The character may be kind, rich, confusing, annoying, bratty, complicated,

ever-changing, and so on.

⚬ Sometimes, characters also serve as symbols of a story.

⚬ 2. Symbolism

⚬ a short story may use a character, object, or event to signify something

else from its original meaning.
 DEAD STARS
• CHARACTERS
Alfredo Salazar: He is the son of don Julian. He is over thirty yearsold bachelor.
Alfred Salazar believes in true love and optimism todiscover ecstasy in
its stir. Esperanza is the first woman he falls in love with. After their engagement,
he falls in love with Julia Salas.
• Esperanza: She is the wife of alfredo Salazar. Esperanza is an
impassionate woman having strong will and principles. A homely
woman, she is also among the lucky women who have the aptitude of consistent
beauty.
• Julia Salas: She is the sister in law of judge dal Valle, a friend of
alfredo’s father. She is the second woman with whom alfredo falls in love with.
She remains single for her entire life.
• Don Julian: He is the father of alfredo Salazar.
• Carmen: She is the only sister of alfredo Salas.
• Judge del Valle: He is Julia’s brother in law.
• Donna Adella: She is Julia’s sister. A pretty, small, plump woman with baby
complexion
• Calixta: He is a note-carrier of Esperanza and alfredo Salazar.
• Dionisio: Donna’s husband.
• Vicente: Carmen’s husband.
• Brigida Samuy: The elusive woman whom alfredo is searching for
• NARRATOR/POV
• The story is in the third person omniscient point of view. We can only see or feel
the thoughts and feelings of the characters if he allows it to reveal on us. We only
know what the character knows and what the author allows us to see.

THEME

Paz Marquez Benitez’s short story “Dead Stars” passes on the subject
of prohibited love. It says prohibited love is just obvious, and its banes frequent to
an individual until he understands his deficiencies. The hidden topic is
responsibility, as the story demonstrates that Alfredo is focused on marrying
Esperanza and people anticipate that he should wed her.
•
EXPOSITION
Carmen asked Don Julian about Alfredo and Esperanza at

Don Julian’s residence. Alfredo recalls how he encountered with Julia

Salas
RISING ACTION
He had moved to the residence of Judge Del Valle with
Don Julian. He was meeting with Julia Salas. He called her Mrs. Del
Valle all the moment, which caused him to be embarrassed. Coming to
the room of the judge often became. Then he discovered that, despite
his involvement with Esperanza, he was in happy with Julia.
CLIMAX

Alfredo picked up with Julia after the procession for The

Daughter of Sorrows. It was when Julia discovered the wedding of
Alfredo, so he congratulated him. Alfredo has to create a scenario that
is very hard. Would he choose what he’d like to do? Or is he going to
choose what he has to do
FALLING ACTION
Julia did not want his knowledge of Esperanza to be
honored by Alfredo. She said farewell. He came to Esperanza house.
And there’s been said the last sentence

DENOUEMENT

Alfredo was engaged to Esperanza. He was looking for

a woman titled Brigida Samuy after eight years, a significant woman in
the court for his defense. Sta. Cruz, the birthplace of Julia. He came to
the residence of Julia and discovered her there. Still sleeping. And he
knew he was like a Dead Star in his passion for Julia. It was not there.