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FINAL Report of Lightning Protection Survey
FINAL Report of Lightning Protection Survey
FINAL Report of Lightning Protection Survey
LIGHTNING PROTECTION
SURVEY
PREPARED FOR
REGD.OFFICE:
A/9, ASHWAMEGH RESI CUM PLAZA, NEAR REVA
PARK, Ajwa Road Sub Post Office, WAGHODIA ROAD,
Vadodara, Vadodara, Gujarat, 3900198
www.powerprotech.in E: info@powerprotech.in
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309:1989
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
DC : DARSHIT VYAS
VD : VRUSHANK DESAI
AB : ARVIND BHADORIA
Signature
Signature
Signature
Signature
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
OF NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT FOR THEIR CO-
AUTHORISED SIGNATORY
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
INDEX
Page
Sr. No. Content No.
1 Organization Profile 2
2 Credits 3
Abut Lightning
2 Introduction 4
3 Need of Protection 8
6 Weighing Factors 12
1. ORGANIZATION PROFILE
Newly Weds Foods India Pvt Ltd is a food process and manufacturing company. It is one of the
largest and most respected companies in India's food and beverage private sector.
Customer-focused approach and the continuous quest for world-class quality have enabled it to
attain and sustain leadership in its major food business.
Newly Weds Foods India believes that progress must be achieved in harmony with the environment.
A commitment to community welfare and environmental protection are an integral part of the
corporate vision. This can be seen by any visitor, from the lush green landscaping maintained in the
plant and the township. The company has high standard of safety – not only for their employees, but
also for the contract personnel working in the plant.
The company's businesses are supported by a wide marketing and distribution network, and have
established a reputation for strong customer support.
Companies Mission: Our Values our core values are what set Newly Weds Foods apart from the
competition and why we are the global leader in our category. Our customers come to Newly Weds
Foods knowing that we will utilize innovative technologies and inspired knowledge to create the
highest quality customized ingredient systems for their products. We are the only company that has
culinary, research & development and manufacturing sites located in such close proximity to our
customers. This allows us to provide quick and individual attention to their specific needs.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
CREDITS
M/ S. NEWELY WEDS INDIA PVT LTD has appointed M/S. POWER PROTECH., VADODARA to conduct
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY . An audit team to plant site comprising M r . SUMIT GUPTA Project
Engineer - Electrical & Darshan Shah, Asso –Field Engineer- Electrical from M/ S POWER PROTECH
VADODARA.
The auditors from M/S POWER PROTECH VADODARA conducted LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY
from 2nd of MARCH 2023 with standard (Reference Std. IS 2309:1989 Protection of Building and
Allied Structure against Lightning Code of Pra ctice)
ABOUT LIGHTNING
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Lightning is a natural hazard, generally experienced during monsoon season. Some lightning
strokes may result in damage to the buildings, structures, equipment’s, etc., and few strokes even
kill or injure people and animals, as we normally come across during monsoon season. The
damage caused to the property and equipment’s may run into substantial amount depending on
the intensity of lightning stroke.
There are various theories explaining the phenomena of lightning. The most logical and
understandable is ‘Precipitation’ Theory. During monsoon, clouds in the sky have water particles of
two types – heavy particles (mist) & light particles (water droplets). As the cloud travels, heavy
Particles, which are negatively charged settle s in the bottom part of the cloud and Light particles
remain in the top portion of the cloud.
When the negative charge becomes very heavy, it will try to find its way to earth. The air between
bottom part of the cloud and the earth breaks down which results in LIGHTNING. We see streak of
lightning for fraction of second.
Ironically, damage due to lightning can be reason ably prevented by providing suita ble lightning
protection system. The protection methods to prevent damage due to lightning are simple,
reasonably reliable and rather inexpensive, particularly when compared to the cost of equipment
repair and replacement, as well as possible consequences of harm to the people.
Lightning is “the visible discharge of static electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between
the earth and a cloud". Thunderstorms occur when warm and cold air masses meet. Charges of
electrical energy build up within the air masses and periodically discharge as energy flows from
one area to another. Air moving upwards in the churning causes a separation and movement of
positively charged ions or particles to the top of clouds, where the cold and warm fronts meet,
leaving negative charges at the bottom of clouds. The lightning strokes may pass vertically or
horizontally between clouds or may move between the air and the ground where energy is finally
dissipated.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
The magnitude of the cloud-to-ground lightning hazard is understood better today than
had been in earlier days. In this part of India, the lightning strokes are generally
experienced during monsoon season of around 4 months. Since lightning strikes the
ground not in a large numbers and is not exceedingly widespread, the data collection for
arriving at thunderstorm days is also limited. For this reason, lightning can be considered
the most dangerous weather hazard that many industries and people encounter each year.
Lightning-specific warnings systems have not been in existence in our country so far.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
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There are three types of effects of lightning viz. electrical, mechanical and thermal as
follows electrical effect is of rise in voltage and current. Voltage is very high and time is
very short. In some cases, voltage reaches as high as 170 kV in 1.2 microseconds.
Afterwards, on 50th Microsecond voltage reduces to 85 kV. The lightning current rises
steeply to its crest valve, at the rate of 10,000 Amps per microsecond. It may produce
around the earth electrodes, a high potential gradient dangerous to persons and animals.
a) Mechanical effect is exerted due to sudden high temperature. The space between the
thundercloud & the lighting conductor suddenly gests heated up to very high
temperature. This results in a strong pressure wave, which can damage structures &
buildings. It is not possible to provide protection against such an effect.
Considerable mechanical stresses are developed at sharp bends. Therefore, bends
should be minimized as far as possible. If this is un avoidable, secure (fix) the bends
and strip or conductor tightly.
b) Thermal effects, during stroke, air temperature reaches as high as 30,000 K. This
creates a very big shock wave. Thermal effect is also there on the conductor,
through which lighting current passes. Because, time is very short, thermal effect on
of lightning protective system is negligible. In practice, the cross sectional area of a
lightning conductor is decided primarily by mechanical consideration.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
There are total five types of Lightning. Based on clouds & ground discharge direction, these are
divided into three groups
(a) Negative Downward Discharge : Negative charge of cloud goes downward to the earth to
meet the Positive charge. 90% of lightning is of this type.
(b) Positive Downward Discharge : Positive charge of cloud goes downward to the earth to meet
the Negative charge.
(c) Negative Upward Discharge : Negative charge of the earth goes upward to meet the
Positive charge of cloud.
(d) Positive Upward Discharge : Positive charge of the earth goes upward to meet the Negative
charge of cloud.
(e) Positive charge of on cloud meets Negative ch arge of the other cloud. Such discharge does
not reach ground. It is in the sky only.
The necessity for systems offering protection agai nst the effects of lightning is becoming ever
greater. The increased use to domestic and indust rial electronic components, tall buildings and
high-risk or dangerous sites within city limits have led legislators to include lightning risk
assessment in their safety regulations and to lay down guidelines for appropriate protection
systems. Despite their best efforts, instances of material damage and human casualties still
prevail.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
Abbreviations used
IS Indian Standard
DC Down Conductors
EP Earthing Pits
LA Lightning Arrestor
3. NEED OF PROTECTION
Before proceeding to design a detailed lightn ing protection system, one should carefully
consider, do the structure needs protection. In many causes, it is observed that some form of
protection is required. High-risk structures i.e. expl osives factories, oil refineries etc will require the
highest possible class of lightning protection to be provided. In many cases, the need for
protection is not so evident.
IS: 2309-1989 provides a simple mathematical ov erall risk factor (ORF) analysis. Calculation
assesses whether a structure needs protection or not. An acceptable lightning strike risk factor is
taken as 10-5 per year, i.e. 1 in 100,000 per year. If risk factor is less than 10 -5
(1 in 100,000), for
example 0.8 in 100,000, then protection is deemed unnecessary. If risk factor is greater than 1 in
100,000, for example 5 in 10,000, then protection would be required.
For structures requiring protection, various data (like dimension, criticality, type of service, type of
terrain etc.) are required.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
1. CURRENT
2. VOLTAGE
Average thunderstorm days given in IS: 2309:1989 (Sr. no.30 on page 5) for Kota is 27
As the distance from the seacoast increases, the probability of thunderstorm has been found
increasing and the number of thunderstorm da ys has been observed generally incre asing.
Data for number of thunderstorm days is translat ed in terms of estimated average annual density
Ng, i.e. Lightning flash per km2 per year, in referred IS as follow. Data for Thunderstorm days /
year and Lightning flashes / km2 / year is reproduced from IS 2309:1989 for information.
Average thunderstorm days given in IS: 2309:1989 (Page 5, Sr no.30) for Kota is 27.
Table-2 (at the end of this section) shows ESTIMATED AVERAGE ANNUAL LIGHTNING FLASH
DENSITY IN TERMS OF LIGHTNING FLASHES PER KM 2 PER YEAR. (This table is from IS 2309:1989)
Lightning flash density considered in the assess ment of lightning protection based on data
provided in IS 2309:1989, is worked out from the above table. It comes to 1.66 per KM 2
per year
The determination of collection area of buildings, structures, etc. required in the engineering
calculations for assessment of the lightning prot ection depends on length, width and height as
well as on the shape of indivi dual building and structure.
The method of calculating collection area based on the sha pe of building and type of roof as
described in IS 2309. The formula for calculating Ar ea for particular sha pe is also mentioned in IS
2309:1989
Further to above, the type of construction of bu ilding, i.e. steel structure, RCC or mix of both,
type of roof over building, i.e. RCC sla b, metallic roof or asbestos sheet roof, etc are considered
in the engineering, wherever required. Table-1 (attached at the end of this section) shows the
details of buildings and structures considered for lightning protection system at CFCL, Kota.
Uncovered storage areas are considered for assessment based on various risk weighing factors
applied in accordance with the nature of good s stored, i.e. normal goods, inflammable and
explosive materials. The collection area is derived applying simple “L x W” formula.
(A)
Sample Calculation of Collection Area (A0) For All Building Structures of Rectangular Shape
with Metallic Sloping Roof
(B)
Sample Calculation of Collection Area (A0) For Tall Structure like Overhead Tank / Chimney /
Structural Tower / Lighting Mast
Ao = 3.14 X Height2
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
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(C)
Sample Calculation of Collection Area (A0) For Open Yard without Roof
(D)
Sample Calculation of Collection Area (A0) For All Building Structures of Rectangular Shape
with RCC Flat Roof
Thus, for all buildings/ structures / Areas, Collection Area (A0) was worked out, which are shown
in Table-3 to Table-6. (Refer the Annexure)
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
6. WEIGHING FACTORS
The weighing factors denote a relative degree of importanc e or risk in each case. These factors
are to be applied when assessing the overall asse ssment of risk due to the lighting stroke. Data
for Weighing Factors, which is as provided in, IS 2309:1989
TABLE.1
WEIGHING FACTOR A FOR ACTIVITY IN BUILDING OR USAGE OF STRUCTURE
VALUE OF
SR. NO USE TO WHICH STRUCTURE IS PUT WEIGHING
FACTOR A
1 Houses and other buildings of comparable size 0.3
2 Houses and other buildings of comparable size with outside aerials 0.7
TABLE.2
WEIGHING FACTOR B FOR TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION
VALUE OF
SR. NO TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION WEIGHING
FACTOR B
Steel framed encased, with roof made of any material other than
1 0.2
metal *
Reinforc ed concrete with roof made of any material other than
2 0.4
metal
3 Steel framed encased or reinfo rced concrete with metal roof 0.8
4 Brick, plain concrete or masonry with roof made of any materials 1.0
other than metal
5 Timber framed or clad with roof made of any materials other than 1.4
metal or thatch
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
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6 Brick, plain concrete or masonry, timber framed with metal roof 1.7
TABLE.3
WEIGHING FACTOR C FOR CONTENTS OR CONSEQUENTIAL EFFECTS
VALUE OF
SR
CONTENTS OR TYPE OF BUILDING OR CONSEQUENTIAL EFFECTS WEIGHING
No.
FACTOR C
1 Ordinary domestic or offic e buildings, factories and workshops not 0.3
containing valuable or specially susceptible contents
3 Power stations, gas works, tele phone exchanges, radio stations 1.0
4 Industrial key plants, ancient monume nts and historic buildings, museums, 1.3
and other buildings with specially valua ble contents
TABLE.4
WEIGHING FACTOR D FOR DEGREE OF ISOLATION
VALUE OF
SR.
DEGREE OF ISOLATION* WEIGHING
NO
FACTOR D
1 Structure located in a large area of structures or trees of the same or 0.4
greater height, for example, in a large town or forest
2 Structure located in an area with few other structures or trees of similar 1.0
heights
3 Structure completely isolated or exceeding at least twice the height of 2.0
surrounding structures or trees
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
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REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
TABLE.5
WEIGHING FACTOR E FOR TYPE OF COUNTRY
Value of
Sr. No Type of Country Weighing
Factor E
1 Flat country at any level 0.3
After deriving the probable number of lightning strikes per year on a building / structure under
assessment, the “Risk Weighing Factors” are applied as shown in the sample method of
calculation provided and “ Overall Risk Factor” (ORF ) is found out and necessarily or otherwise of
the lightning protection is considered on following basis.
In case the ORF is found marginally greater or lower, it would be essential to provide sound
reasons for either providing or not providing the lightning protection.
The buildings / structures having chemical process of explosive or flammable nature and
covered / open storages containing explosive or flammable substances are to be provided with
the lightning protection irrespective of the estimated ORF more or less than acceptable risk of 1
x 10-5.
Where
PA = Ao X Ng X 10-6
= 11378.1096 X 0.2 X 10-6
= 2275.62192 X 10-6
From Table-7 it can be seen that protection ag ainst lightning is required for all structures /
buildings, because ORF in all cases are more than 1 in 1, 00,000.
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
(4) The roof shall have a minimum thickness of 3/16 in. (4.8 mm).
(5) The roof shall be welded, bolted, or riveted to the shell.
of flexible Type 302, 28-gauge [ 1/64 in. 2 in. (0.4 mm 51 mm)] wide stainless steel straps or
the equivalent in current-carrying capacity and co rrosion resistance. The metallic shoe shall be
maintained in contact with the shell and without openings (such as corrosion holes) through the
shoe. Tanks without a vapor space at the seal shall not require shunts at the seal. Where metallic
weather shields cover the seal, they shall maintain contact with the shell.
Where a floating roof is equipped with bo th primary and secondary seals, the space
between the two seals could contain a vapor-air mixture within the flammable range; therefore,
if the design of such a seal system incorporates electrically conductive materials and a spark
gap exists within that space or could be created by roof movement, shunts shall be installed so
that they directly contact the tank shell above the secondary seal. The shunts shall be spaced at
intervals not greater than 10 ft (3 m) and shall be constructed so that metallic contact is
maintained between the floating roof and the ta nk shell in all operational positions of the
floating roof.
Structure with base area not exceeding 100 01 no. down conductor
m2
Structure with base area exceeding 100 m 2 At least smaller of the following options:
Based on the perimeter and Base area of the structures, down comer, earth pits & spikes are
decided. Summary of the recommendation is given in the tabular form of next five pages. Last
three columns indicate additional hardware – Air terminals (AT), down conductor (DC) and
earth pits (EP) required.
Ammonia-1
Compr. House 0 1 1 In the protection zone of F301
Substation 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2
G-1 control room 0 0 0 6 6 6 6 6 6
F301 HP Tower 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
F302 CO2 Abso. 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Urea
U. Prilling Tower-1 3 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0
Urea-11 substation 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3
Urea-21 substation 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3
Ammo. Sto.tank-1 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0
Ammo. Sto. tank-2 2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0
Urea Product Handling
Main bldg. 1 & 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 4 4 4
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
Main bldg. 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 1 1
Silo No change in the existing system - All existing earth pits shall be renovated
and continuity of DC with earth pit shall be ensured.
Screen house
2 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0
(consider one blg)
Wagon loading
0 0 0 7 22 22 7 22 22
Area (left) 300 Mt
Wagon loading
0 0 0 9 28 28 9 28 28
Area (rt.)- 400 Mt.
Non Plant
Maint. Workshop 10 10 8 10 10 10 0 0 2
Store 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 10 10
Offsite -SPG
HRSG 1 (& stack) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
HRSG 2 (& stack) 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Aux Boiler 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 2
Aux Boiler 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 2
Aux Boiler 1 stack 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Aux Boiler 2 stack 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
IAPA (Comp Hs.) 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 0 0
Emerg. DG-1 0 4 0 2 2 2 2 0 2
O&U CR building. 8 7 7 8 9 9 0 2 2
Offsite– 1
DM-1 substation 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
DM-2 substation 1 2 0 2 2 2 1 0 2
Cooling towers
0 8 8 12 8 8 12 0 0
(12)
Naphtha Storage This tank is located on west side of SPG unit. It is inherently Self protected as
tanks per NFPA (check earth pits)
Naphtha Daily This tank is located on west side of SPG unit. It is inherently Self protected as
tank per NFPA (check earth pits)
Water pre treated
& Clarified filtered
water stora ge tanks
Inherently protected (check earth pits)
(T-912A)
Water pre treated
& Clarified filtered
water stora ge tanks Inherently protected (check earth pits)
(T-912B)
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
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REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
Compr. house
0 0 0 Covered under protection zone of Prilling Tower-2
carbonate
0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
Solution tank
urea solution tank 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
Guard pond bldg
0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
(remote location)
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
LIGHTNING PROTECTION SURVEY AS PER IS 2309
REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
GSSP Based
Storage &Plant 0 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4
building
@ Down comer is left half the way. This will be brought up to the new earth pit, at the base
NEWLY WEDS FOODS INDIA PVT LTD, GUJARAT
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REPORT NO.:- PPL/V/CFCL/ LPS/ 2023-24 /MARCH/RMS-106 /R00
Above table shows only three hardware – Air termin al (spike), down conductor and earth pit. In
addition to these, on sloping roofs and flat roofs, earth mesh (of max 20 Mt x 10 Mt. size) is to be
laid. The details of this protection (wherever required) can be referred from Table-8 (Final
recommendations.
Following tables (attached with the report) show the various details:
Table-1 Details of buildings / structures consid ered for lightning protection at CFCL.
3 Ammonia1 G-1 Control room 72 20 6.8 -- Rectangular shape with RCC flat roof
6 Urea Urea -11 Substation 40.5 14.55 8.5 -- Rectangular shape with RCC flat roof
7 Urea Urea -21 Substation 40.5 14.55 8.5 -- Rectangular shape with RCC flat roof
12 UPHS Main building 1 and 2 60 15.3 35 -- Rectangular shape with RCC flat roof
Off site
26 SPG O&U control room building. 72 12 14 -- Rectangular sha pe with RCC flat roof
36 Raw water Raw/CW water substation 45 25 10 -- Rectangular sha pe with RCC flat roof
Holding
37 MCC Room 5 5 5 -- Rectangular sha pe with RCC flat roof
Pond
Onsite-2
Ammonia-
38 G2 substation Building 61 12 11 -- Rectangular sha pe with RCC flat roof
II/Urea II
39 Ammonia-II Auxiliary Boiler no 3 20 15 25 -- Metallic slopping roof.
SSP
64 SSP SSP substation 14 8.5 6 -- Rectangular/L shape with RCC flat roof
65 SSP SSP Control room 22 6 6 -- Re ctangular/L shape with RCC flat roof
Estimated Average Annual Lightning Flash Density in terms of Lightning Flashes per km2
per year
PLACE KOTA(RAJASTHAN)
In IS 2309 for specific place Kota thunder storm days mentioned are 27.
Table-3 Collection Area for all buildings / structures of Rectangular sha pe with Metallic sloping Roof
Table-4 Colle ction Area for tall structures like overhe a d tank / chimney /tower / lighting mast etc
Onsite -1
1. Urea Storage Tanks (2 no.) -- -- 21.6 25 490.625
2. Urea Storage Tanks (2 no.) -- -- 21.6 25 490.625
Off site
3. CW Cooling tower 12 nos 135 16 24 -- 2160
4. Naphtha New Tanks -- -- 11.58 16.8 221.5584
Storage
5. New Tanks Tank no-- -- -- 11.58 16.8 221.5584
6. Water pre treated & Clarified filtered -- -- 18 38 1133.54
water storage tanks no 1
7. Water pre treated & Clarified -- -- 18 38 1133.54
filtered water storage tanks No 2
8. Water pre treated & Clarified -- -- 18 38 1133.54
filtered water storage tanks No 3
Onsite-2
9. Naphtha Naphtha storage tank-A-FB -101 -- -- 11.58 16.8 221.5584
Storage
10. Naphtha Naphtha storage tank-A-FB -102 -- -- 11.58 16.8 221.5584
Storage
11. CW Cooling tower 11 nos 135 16 24 -- 2160
SSP
12. SSP H2SO4 tank no 1 -- -- 8 8.2 52.7834
13. SSP H2SO4 tank no 2 -- -- 8 8.2 52.7834
Table-6 Colle ction Area for buildings / structures of Rectangular shape with RCC flat roof
Dimension in meters
Sr no Unit Plant Description of building structure. collection area in SQ Meters
Length width - Height AO=(LXW)+2(LXH)+2(WXH)+3.14H2
-L W -H
1. Onsite -1 Ammonia 1 Amm -1 Substation 48 9 8.5 1627.865
2. Onsite -1 Ammonia1 G-1 Control room 72 20 6.8 2836.3936
3. Onsite -1 Urea Urea -11 Substation 40.5 14.55 8.5 1751.99
4. Onsite -1 Urea Urea -21 Substation 40.5 14.55 8.5 1751.99
5. UPHS UPHS Main building 1 and 2 60 15.3 35 10035.5
6. UPHS UPHS Main building 3 55 15 35 9571.5
7. UPHS UPHS Screen house (consider one building) 20 16.5 21 3247.74
8. Off site SPG Emergency DG set -1 EDG-1 18 18 16 2279.84
9. Off site SPG O&U control room building. 72 12 14 3831.44
10. Off site DM-1 DM-1 substation 5 5 6 258.04
11. Off site DM-2 DM-2 substation 24 12 10 1322
12. Off site Fire Pump Fire water pump house 39 10 9 1526.34
13. Off site Raw water Raw/CW water substation 45 25 10 2839
Holding
14. Off site MCC Room 5 5 5 203.5
Pond
Ammonia-
15. Onsite-2 G2 substation Building 61 12 11 2717.94
II/Urea II
16. Onsite-2 Ammonia-II Ammonia 2 control room L shape -1 25 20 6 1153.04
17. Onsite-2 Ammonia-II Ammonia 2 control room L shape -2 10 10 6 453.04
18. Onsite-2 Guard Pond Guard pond building (remote location) 5 4 5 188.5
19. Onsite-2 EDG Emergency Diesel Set Building 30 10 15 2206.5
20. Onsite-2 G2 Utility /CW substation 22 10 11 1303.94
21. SSP SSP SSP substation 14 8.5 6 502.04
22. SSP SSP SSP Control room 22 6 6 581.04
Table-7 To find out Overall Risk Factor to decide - Protection required or not (for each structure/ building)
Weighing Factors for Assessment of Lightning Protection for Build ings / Structures having normal Processes and Covered/Open Stora ge
as provided in IS:2309 – 1989
Value of Weighing Factor
Sr No Use to which structure is put
A
1 Houses and other buildings of comparable size 0.3
2 Houses and other buildings of comparable size with outside aerials 0.7
3 Small and medium size factorie s, workshops and laboratories 1
Big industrial plants, telephone exchanges, of fice blocks, hotels, bloc ks of flats and other
4 1.2
residential buildings other than those included in Item No. 5 and 6 below
Places of assembly, for example churches, halls, theatres, museums, exhibition halls,
5 1.3
department stores, stations, ai rports and sta dium structures
6 Schools, hospitals, childr en's and other such homes 1.7
Calculated Weighing Factor for Plant Area = Multiplying Factor = A * B * C * D *E = 1 * 0.8 * 0.8 * 0.4 * 0. 3 = 0.0768
B. Overall Risk Factor to decide - Protection re quired or not (for each structure / building)
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6) (0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
Onsite -1
Compressor House
1 Ammonia1 2504.865 0.004158076 0.00031934 31.934023 Protection required
(Ammonia comp)
2 Ammonia 1 Amm -1 Substation 1627.865 0.002702256 0.000207533 20.753325 Protection required
3 Ammonia1 G-1 Control room 2836.3936 0.004708413 0.000361606 36.160615 Protection required
4 Urea Urea Prilling Tower -1 37994 0.06307004 0.004843779 484.37791 Protection required
5 Ammonia Ammonia 1 Reformer 3962.5 0.00657775 0.000505171 50.51712 Protection required
6 Urea Urea -11 Substation 1751.99 0.002908303 0.000223358 22.33577 Protection required
7 Urea Urea -21 Substation 1751.99 0.002908303 0.000223358 22.33577 Protection required
8 Ammonia 1 Storage Tanks (2 no.) 490.625 0.000814438 6.25488E-05 6.25488 Protection required
9 Ammonia 1 Storage Tanks (2 no.) 490.625 0.000814438 6.25488E-05 6.25488 Protection required
UPHS
10 UPHS Main building 1 and 2 10035.5 0.01665893 0.001279406 127.94058 Protection required
11 UPHS Main building 3 9571.5 0.01588869 0.001220251 122.02514 Protection required
12 UPHS Silo 0 0 0
Screen house
13 UPHS (consider one 3247.74 0.005391248 0.000414048 41.404788 Protection required
building)
14 UPHS Wagon Area left 5983.385 0.009932419 0.00076281 76.280979 Protection required
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6)
(0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
15 UPHS Wagon Area right 7883.385 0.013086419 0.001005037 100.5037 Protection required
16 Ammonia F301 HP TOWER 15386 0.02554076 0.00196153 196.15304 Protection required
17 Ammonia F302 CO2 Absorber 13266.5 0.02202239 0.00169132 169.13196 Protection required
Off Site
18 SPG HRSG 1 STACK 547.1136 0.000908209 6.97504E-05 6.9750419 Protection required
19 SPG HRSG 2 STACK 547.1136 0.000908209 6.97504E-05 6.9750419 Protection required
20 SPG Aux Boiler 1 1856 0.00308096 0.000236618 23.661773 Protection required
21 SPG Aux Boiler 2 1856 0.00308096 0.000236618 23.661773 Protection required
22 SPG Aux Boiler 1 STACK 1256 0.00208496 0.000160125 16.012493 Protection required
23 SPG Aux Boiler 2 Stack 1256 0.00208496 0.000160125 16.012493 Protection required
Inst Air comp &Plant
24 SPG 1303.94 0.00216454 0.000166237 16.62367 Protection required
Air Comp IAPA
Emergency DG set -1
25 SPG 2279.84 0.003784534 0.000290652 29.065224 Protection required
EDG-1
O&U control room
26 SPG 3831.44 0.00636019 0.000488463 48.846262 Protection required
building.
27 DM-1 DM-1 substation 258.04 0.000428346 3.2897E-05 3.2897004 Protection required
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6)
(0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
31 New Tanks Tank no-- 221.5584 0.000367787 2.8246E-05 2.8246037 Protection required
Water pre treated &
32 Clarified filtered water 1133.54 0.001881676 0.000144513 14.451275 Protection required
storage tanks no 1
Water pre treated &
33 Clarified filtered water 1133.54 0.001881676 0.000144513 14.451275 Protection required
storage tanks No 2
Water pre treated &
34 Clarified filtered water 1133.54 0.001881676 0.000144513 14.451275 Protection required
storage tanks No 3
Fire water pump
35 Fire Pump 1526.34 0.002533724 0.00019459 19.459003 Protection required
house
Raw/CW water
36 Raw water 2839 0.00471274 0.000361938 36.193843 Protection required
substation
37 ETP ETP 0 0 0
NG Receiving
38 NG 0 0 0
station
39 Holding Pond MCC Room 203.5 0.00033781 2.59438E-05 2.5943808 Protection required
Onsite - 2
Ammonia-
40 G2 substation Building 2717.94 0.00451178 0.000346505 34.650473 Protection required
II/Urea II
41 Ammonia-II Auxiliary Boiler no 3 2962.5 0.00491775 0.000377683 37.76832 Protection required
42 Ammonia-II Auxiliary Boiler 3 stack 3846.5 0.00638519 0.000490383 49.038259 Protection required
43 Ammonia-II I.A.comp shed 293.04 0.000486446 3.73591E-05 3.7359084 Protection required
Ammonia 2 control
44 Ammonia-II 1153.04 0.001914046 0.000146999 14.699876 Protection required
room L sha pe -1
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6)
(0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
Ammonia 2 control
45 Ammonia-II 453.04 0.000752046 5.77572E-05 5.7757164 Protection required
room L sha pe -2
Ammonia 2
46 Ammonia-II 4306.64 0.007149022 0.000549045 54.904492 Protection required
compressor House.
CO 2 Stripper tag no
47 Ammonia-II 15386 0.02554076 0.00196153 196.15304 Protection required
402in Ammonia ii
CO2 absorber in
48 Ammonia-II 11304 0.01876464 0.001441124 144.11244 Protection required
Ammonia 2
49 Urea 2 Prilling tower 2 43610.27465 0.072393056 0.005559787 555.97867 Protection required
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6)
(0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
Guard pond building
58 Guard Pond 188.5 0.00031291 2.40315E-05 2.4031488 Protection required
(remote location)
Naphtha Naphtha storage
59 221.5584 0.000367787 2.8246E-05 2.8246037 Protection required
Storage tank-A-FB -101
Naphtha Naphtha storage
60 221.5584 0.000367787 2.8246E-05 2.8246037 Protection required
Storage tank-A-FB -102
Emergency Diesel Set
61 EDG 2206.5 0.00366279 0.000281302 28.130227 Protection required
Building
EDG exhaust
62 EDG 1962.5 0.00325775 0.000250195 25.01952 Protection required
Chimney.
Cooling
63 Cooling Tower 11 nos 2160 0.0035856 0.000275374 27.537408 Protection required
Tower
64 G2 G2-Flare Stack Tower 15386 0.02554076 0.00196153 196.15304 Protection required
67 SSP SSP Control room 581.04 0.000964526 7.40756E-05 7.4075628 Protection required
68 SSP SSP Chimney no 201 5024 0.00833984 0.0006405 64.049971 Protection required
Ball mill chimney
69 SSP 5024 0.00833984 0.0006405 64.049971 Protection required
100SK01
Chimney inside GSSP
70 SSP 5024 0.00833984 0.0006405 64.049971 Protection required
plant building
71 SSP H2SO4 tank no 1 52.7834 8.76204E-05 6.72925E-06 0.672925 Not Required
Overall Assessed
Collection Assessed Risk
Description of building Risk for structure /
Sr no Plant Area AO IN PA = A0 *Ng P*105 REQ / NOT REQ
structure. building P=Pa*MF
Sq Meter (1.66) * 10(-6)
(0.768)
AO PA P=Pa*MF
72 SSP H2SO4 tank no 2 52.7834 8.76204E-05 6.72925E-06 0.672925 Not Required
73 SSP Rock phosphate shed 1456.5 0.00241779 0.000185686 18.568627 Protection required
Rock phosphate
74 SSP 714 0.00118524 9.10264E-05 9.1026432 Protection required
storage shed
GSSP Based Storage
75 SSP 840.96 0.001395994 0.000107212 10.721231 Protection required
&Plant building
1.0 In the Section 7 of the list furnished for li ghtning protection system, the buildings can
be divided into two groups – Buildings ou tside the township and buildings located
inside the township. These are as under:
(A) Buildings outside the township
1 Canteen
2 Lab Tech Bldg.
3 IT Bldg
4 Health centre
5 Admin Block
6 Store
7 Maintenance workshop block
8 Fire station & Extension Building
9 Contractors’ shed
10 Security offic e
2.0 Based on the availa ble data of dimensions and Area of conduction for all buildings,
probability was worked out for each of the above buildings. Findings are tabulated in
Table-1. Except the Security offic e, for all other buildings in the above list need the
lightning protection. Details of working ou t probability (higher or lower than 1 in
100000) are shown in Table-1 attached.
3.0 For the buildings requiring the protection, various details of protection hardware were
worked out. Mainly number of down comers, (based on base area and perimeter of
each structure), were worked out. As per guidelines of IS 2309:1989, lower number is
taken for protection. These calculations results are tabulated in Table-2.
4.0 For some structure, protection is provided. However, in township, it was observed that
except (single lightning arrester) for water tank, none of the structures/buildings has
been provided lightning protection. Table-3 shows the summary of additional
hardware required.
5.0 Majority of the buildings are flat roof structures. Therefore, GI strip (25 mm x 3 mm) is
to be cleated on the parapet wall. Down comers are taken on the outer wall and
are terminated to respective earth pit.
In many cases mesh grid is required on the terrace /roof top. It will be ensured that all
cross points and T-points are properly connected to have p1989.roper/good contact.
Any member of mesh should not be larger than 20 Mt x 10 Mt. Other hardware details
are given in IS 2309:1989
6.0 Area of conduction for all the buildings, have not been calculated, but it has been
taken from the earlier records, which was calculated from CAD system. At present,
protection is required for all structures in township. In the following sections, wherever
details were available, sketch is made. For Lab Tech building, where full size drawings
were sent, down comers, mesh (on the te rrace/para pet) are shown in the drawings.
This drawing is sent back to CFCL, along with other drawings in which radius of
protection zone were marked.
Nomenclatures are as below
For the club building, because the base shape is of irregular type, down comers
quantity is worked out based on perimeter only. As such also, out of two basis (base
7.3IT Building:
Fig.3 IT Building
7.4Health centre
Fig.4 Health Centre
(b) On the flat terrace on north side mesh will be laid and conne cted as shown in Fig.7.
(c) Where ever earth pits are not traceable, new pits will be provided and connected to
the respective down comer.
Fig.8Contractors’ shed
8.1 Club.
Fig. 9 Club
8.2 Hostel
Fig. 10 Hostel
This hall has a trapezoidal dome having metallic top. There is a space between dome
and parapet wall. The earth strip will be cleated on the parapet. Bottom (four) corners of
the hall shall be connected with the earth strip running on the parapet. Because the
dome itself is of metal sheet, the strip need not be laid on the dome.
In each types of these blocks, there are two spikes and two earth pits, as shown in Fig.14
above.
Fig.13
Fig.15
Fig.18
Fig. 19
Fig.20
There are total six sheds. On each shed there will be two spikes as shown in the fig.
21 below
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig.23
8. 16 Petrol Pump
Fig. 24
Fig. 25
There are total six sheds. Fig 27 is shown on the next page
Fig. 26
Sheds 4 & 6 have two spikes each. Remaining sheds have one spike each.
22 A type s/s 395 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.096 1.66 0.66x10-3 6.3 x 10-5 Required
23 B type s/s 395 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.096 1.66 0.66x10-3 6.3 x 10-5 Required
24 D type s/s & Tel. Excha. 306 1.2 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.144 1.66 0.51x10-3 2.2 x 10-5 Required
25 Security Barracks (data for 400 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.66x10-3 2.9x 10-5 Required
each of six sheds)
26 LPG Godown 393 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.1152 1.66 0.65x10-3 7.5 x 10-5 Required
27 Post Office 513 1. 0.4 1.0 1.0 0.3 0.156 1.66 8.5x 10-3 13.3 x 10-5 Required
3
28 Petrol pump (Strcture-1) 183 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.1152 1.66 0.3 x 10-3 3.5 x 10-5 Required
Petrol pump (Strcture-2) 251 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.1152 1.66 0.4 x 10-3 4.8 x 10-5 Required
29 ANS Office 524 1.0 0.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.096 1.66 0.87x 10-3 3.8 x 10-5 Required
30 Fire Barracks
Shed-1 233 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.39 x 10-3 1.7 x 10-5 Required
Shed -2 328 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.54 x 10-3 2.4 x 10-5 Required
Shed -3 233 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.39 x 10-3 1.7 x 10-5 Required
Shed -4 580 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.98 x 10-3 4.2 x 10-5 Required
Shed -5 310 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.51 x 10-3 2.2 x 10-5 Required
Shed -6 580 1.2 0.4 0.3 1.0 0.3 0.0432 1.66 0.98 x 10-3 4.2 x 10-5 Required
Table 2 A - No. of Down Comers (D/C) for Non-plant buildings outside the township
Sr. Structure Dimensions (Meters) Base Perimeter No. of D/C based on Recommended
no L W H Area Base Perimeter No. of D/C
(Sq. Mt) Area
1 Canteen 26 25 5.0 650 113 3 4 3
2 Lab Tech Bldg. 112 33.0 4.7 1632 402 7 14 7
3 IT Bldg 14.26 13.9 5.0 188 67 2 3 2
4 Health centre 26.14 13.8 4.4 336 84 2 3 2
5 Admin Block 47.2 50.8 6.3 2500 212 9 7 7
6 Store 84.23 54.23 9.4 4568 277 16 10 10
7 Maint. workshop block 125 18.0 12.6 2250 271 9 9 9
8 Fire station & Extn. Bldg 21.4 14.4 6.0 376 85 2 3 2
9 Contractors’ shed 100 8.0 3.0 800 214 4 7 4
10 Security office Not Required
Table 2 B - No. of Down Comers (D/C) for buildings inside the township
11 Club Irregular -odd shape 1800 225 7 8 8
12 Hostel 50.0 18.7 8.0 1000 164 4 6 4
13 M.P. Hall 30.9 18.5 11 575 130 3 4 3
14 A type blocks 22 13.2 4.17 276 75 2 3 2
15 B type blocks 17 11 4.17 170 68 2 3 2
16 C type blocks 48 12 7.3 480 204 3 7 3
17 D type blocks 27.04 12.55 9.42 350 127 2 5 2
18 VIP Guest House 37.0 27.0 5.0 785 124 3 4 3
19 OH tank Dia of top-11.6 27.8 105 (top) 37 2 2 2
20 Primary school 55 50 5 2750 257 10 9 9
21 Shopping centre 17 20.6 4.4 350 97 3 4 3
22 A type s/s 12.75 11.3 4.5 144 48 2 2 2
23 B type s/s 12.75 11.3 4.5 144 48 2 2 2
24 D type s/s & Tel. Excha. 9.5 13 5 86 46 1 2 1
Sr. Structure Dimensions (Meters) Base Perimeter No. of D/C based on Recommended
no L W H Area Base Perimeter No. of D/C
(Sq. Mt) Area
25 Security Barracks (6 17 6.8 5 115.6 47.6 2 2 2
nos.) each shed
26 LPG Godown 10 8 8 80 36 1 2 2
27 Post Office 18.1 13.6 5 149 63.5 2 3 2
28 Petrol pump
Structure-1 (LHS) 6.2 3.8 5 23.5 20 1 1 1
Structure-2 (RHS) 7.6 7.6 5 58 30.4 1 1 1
29 ANS Office 20 11 5 220 62 2 2 2
30 Fire Barracks
Shed-1 7 7 5 49 28 1 1 1
Shed -2 12.6 7 5 88.2 39.2 1 1 1
Shed -3 7 7 5 49 28 1 1 1
Shed -4 24 9 5 216 66 2 3 2
Shed -5 12.7 6 5 76.2 37.4 1 2 1
Shed -6 24 9 5 216 66 2 3 2
Table-3 Summary of Hardware required for Lightning Protection for Non-Plant Buildings
2.0 As described in 12.2.2 ( Pattern of Down Conductors ), for a steel framed buildings, no
added down comers are required.
For metallic stack/ chimney, continuity should be there from top to bottom. If there
are ant flanges with / without gaskets, mi nimum four bonding shall be provided
across the flanges. These will be spaced equally. Gor metal columns also same
guidelines are applicable. However, it was observed that many of the columns
/stacks have been provided separate down comers.
In all such cases, one should not forg et to provide earth pits (preferably 2 nos.) near
the bottom part on the ground.
As shown in fig.1, recommended mesh size shall not exceed 20 x 10 Mt. If the roof is of
50 Mt x 20 Mt, mesh dimensions can be as Fig.1 or each mesh of 16.66 Mt x 10 Mt. or
as shown in Fig.2.
It may be checked with the supplier of Radi o signal transmission panels, whether they
have provided Surge Protecting Devices (SPDs) or not. (Refer Fig.5). Based on the
reply, further line of ac tion shall be decided.
(b) Earthing:
Proper earthing and bonding at various points is very important. Locations are shown
in Fig.5
9.0 ETP
(a) On the NW side of the ETP, cable trays are located which come to the plant. On the
turning point location of the trays, spike sh all be installed and DC/Earth pit shall be
provided.
(b) On the street light poles top part, spikes shall be fixed and earthing pits shall be
provided near the base of respective pole.
(c) On MCC Room RCC Terrac e, GI strip mesh will be laid; One spike shall be provided
on south west corner. It will be connecte d with down comer. At the base, new earth
pit will be provided and down comer will be terminated to the E-pit.
The hardware referred in (a), (b) & (c) are not included in Table-8 (XL sheets) and Table in
Section-1
(a) Visual inspection of system for looseness of fixing arrangements of vertical air
terminations, clamping of horizontal air terminations and down conductors should
be carried out at least once a year in ar eas with prevalent dry weather conditions.
Such checks should be carried out every six months in case the area is situated
nearer to the seacoast and plant surroundings with prevalent with corrosive fumes
and vapors.
(b) Wherever lightning air termination or down conductor is bonded with the metallic
structure, the inspection of bonding conn ection should be carried out for proper
bonding at least once a year or once every six months depending on the situation
of area.
(c) In addition, the mechanical conditions of all air terminations, conductors, bonding,
test joints, etc. should be carried out for effe ct of corrosion and observations should
be noted for future reference.
(d) The testing for electrical continuity of all the conductors, bonding and joints should
be carried out at least once a year and the observations should be recorded.
The assessment for the lightning protection is carried out for entire plant and requirement
of provision of lightning protection is worked out in accordance with the procedure laid
down in the applicable Indian Standard. Based on assessment of type of lightning system
required to be installed and possible utilization of the existing system, the
recommendation for individual plant area is provided in the succ eeding section.
The suggestions for the improvements of the ex isting lightning protec tion system are also
made so as to make the system having adequacy coupled with better reliability. The
suggestions are placed in the report based on the observations for the existing system
made during the plant visit.
Taking into consideration the existing syst em, the proposal for provision of lightning
protection system for individual building, stru cture and tall structure is worked out and the
(a) The air terminations shall be made of electrolytic, high-density, solid, and copper.
The horizontal air terminations shall be ha rd drawn copper strips having material
properties as above. The vertical air terminations shall be of solid copper, round,
pointed, 3/8” or larger in diameter, proj ect at least 250 mm above the object or
building section to be protected.
AREA
SIZE
COMPONENT MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION (MM 2)
(MM)
Fixed Air
Copper, Aluminum, GI 20 x 3 mm 60
Terminations
Down
Copper, Aluminum, GI 20 x 3 mm 60
Conductors
600 x 600 x 6
Copper, Aluminum, GI plate
mm
Hard-drawn copper rods for dire ct
12 Diameter 115
Earth driving into soft soil
Terminations Hard-drawn anne aled copper rods
10 Diameter 78.54
for direct driving into soft soil
Copper clad or GI steel rods for
10 Diameter 78.54
dire ct driving into hard ground
Fixed Bonding Copper, Aluminum, GI Strip 20 x 3 mm 60
Connections Copper, Aluminum, GI rods 10 Diameter 78.54
(b) The air terminations shall be made of electrolytic, high-density, solid, and copper.
The horizontal air terminations shall be ha rd drawn copper strips having material
properties as above. The vertical air terminations shall be of solid copper, round,
pointed, 3/8” or larger in diameter, proj ect at least 250 mm above the object or
building section to be protected.
When the lightning strike takes place on lightning protection system, its electrical
potential with respect to earth is raised, and unless suitable precautions are considered,
the discharge may divert to alternate available path to the earth by side flashing to the
metal in the structure.
To prevent the side flashing, two alternatives are implemented, i.e. either bonding of
lightning protection system with metallic struct ure or isolation of the lightning protection
system from the metallic structure.
Isolation requires generally large clearance between lightning protection system and
other metallic structures in the vicinity. Ma jor drawback of isolation is difficulty in
maintaining necessary safe cl earance and ensuring that the isolated metallic structure
has no connection with the earth such as through water or other service metallic
pipelines.
In view of difficulty discussed in foregoing point, the bonding is commonly used method
to prevent the side flashing.
Method is provided in the Indian Stand ard for deriving the clearance required to be
maintained form practicing isolation, which requires consideration of technical data as
follows. This method is used in the engineering for the assessment.
The consulting services conducted by Green Circle Inc. (the “Company”) were
performed using generally accepted guidelines, standards, and/or practices, which the
Company considers reliable. Although the Company performed its consulting services
pursuant to reliable and generally accepted practices in the industry, the Company
does not guarantee or provide any representations or warranties with respect to Client’s
use, interpretation or application of the find ings, conclusions, and/or suggestions of the
consulting services provided by the Company. Moreover, the findings, conclusions, and
the suggestions resulting from the consulting service are based upon certain assumptions,
information, documents, and procedures provided by the Customer. AS SUCH, IN NO
EVENT AND UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCE SHALL THE COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL,
INDIRECT, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER,
INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY LOST REVENUE OR PROFITS OF THE CUSTOMER OR
ITS CUSTOMERS, AGENTS AND DISTRIBUTORS, RESULTING FROM, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH, THE SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE COMPANY. The Customer agrees
that the Company shall have no liability for da mages, which may result from Client’s use,
interpretation or application of the consulting services provided by the Company.