Desktop Publishing lecture notes

In the Publisher Introduction class and document, we discussed several

ways of creating publications with layouts that includes objects and
frames. We learned that these objects and the frames that
encompassed them came in dierent avors (text frames, picture
frames, table frames, etc., but that essentially they all were
manipulated in the same ways. In this class, we will cover more tools
for including your own objects and creating customi!ed layouts.

Publisher's Tools, Part II

"ecall that the buttons running down the left#hand side of the screen
are object tools which allow us to create frames. $ince we covered the
%rst six tools in the previous class, we&ll discuss most of the rest here.
('he others are for developing web pages using ublisher. )eep in
mind that should you accidentally draw an object that you don&t want,
select it (so that the object&s frame or handles are visible and press
the *+elete button on your -eyboard or choose the Delete Object
command from the Edit menu.

Line [and Arrow] Tool

'he ine 'ool

'ool allows
allows you to draw lines. /s with other
other tools,
tools, create lines
lines
by %rst clic-ing on the ine 'ool button, and then positioning the cursor
(now in the form of a crosshair on the page where you want to begin
drawing. 0lic- and hold to lay down one endpoint of the line1 wherever
you now drag the mouse, a line stretches out to meet the crosshair.
osition this crosshair to indicate where the other endpoint of the line
should go and release the mouse button. 2our newly formed line has
handles at both ends1 as before, this indicates that the line can be
deleted, copied, or moved, as well as formatted. 'o draw 3straight3
lines (at some increment of 45 degrees, hold the *$hift -ey down as
you drag out the line. /lthough you can add arrowheads to a line in
either version of ublisher, ublisher 6 adds an /rrow 'ool to the
lineup on the left of the screen1 it wor-s the same way the ine 'ool
does.

Oval Tool
'o
'o draw an oval,
oval, select the 7val 'ool,
'ool, then clic-
clic- and drag to draw in the
the
same way you did with the ine 'ool. 'he resulting object will have
many more handles than the ine 'ool produced, for more exibility in
resi!ing the oval. 8olding down *$hift as you drag will constrain the
shape to be a perfect circle.

Bo [!ectan"le] Tool

9ust as you did

did above, select
select the tool, then
then clic- and drag inside
inside your
document window. i-e ovals, rectangle objects have both corner
handles and side handles. 'o draw perfect s:uares with this tool, hold
down the *$hift -ey while you draw.

#usto$ %ha&es [Auto%ha&es] Tool

While the creative person can ma-e some pretty impressive pictures
just using graphic
graphic tools
tools li-e those
those above,
above, the rest of
of us will be glad
glad to
-now that ublisher provides more graphic tools for other interesting
shapes. 'he 0ustom $hapes ;/uto$hapes< 'ool allows you to draw
arrows, chevrons and even lightning bolts in the same way we drew
ovals and boxes.

'o
'o begin drawing,
drawing, clic- on the shape
shape you want
want to draw (from
(from the menu
menu
on the toolbar and then position your cursor on the page where you
want to start drawing. 2ou will notice the pointer has become the
familiar crosshair1 draw by dragging as we did with the other tools. 'he
*$hift -ey once again constrains your drawings. $ome shapes may
have a new handle= a gray (>??? or yellow (6 diamond that lets you
reposition or redraw part of the shape. @or example, a callout bubble
can be adjusted so that the words are coming from the right side
instead of the left. ublisher 6 oers options in addition to those
available directly from the toolbar1 by choosing the ore Auto%ha&es
command, you can access a list of additional choices in the 'as- ane.

(or$attin" Objects

7nce you have created drawing objects with the tools above, you can
change their color, borders and shadows, for example. 0lic- on the
object to select it, and then choose a button on the far right of the
'o
'o draw an oval,
oval, select the 7val 'ool,
'ool, then clic-
clic- and drag to draw in the
the
same way you did with the ine 'ool. 'he resulting object will have
many more handles than the ine 'ool produced, for more exibility in
resi!ing the oval. 8olding down *$hift as you drag will constrain the
shape to be a perfect circle.

Bo [!ectan"le] Tool

9ust as you did

did above, select
select the tool, then
then clic- and drag inside
inside your
document window. i-e ovals, rectangle objects have both corner
handles and side handles. 'o draw perfect s:uares with this tool, hold
down the *$hift -ey while you draw.

#usto$ %ha&es [Auto%ha&es] Tool

While the creative person can ma-e some pretty impressive pictures
just using graphic
graphic tools
tools li-e those
those above,
above, the rest of
of us will be glad
glad to
-now that ublisher provides more graphic tools for other interesting
shapes. 'he 0ustom $hapes ;/uto$hapes< 'ool allows you to draw
arrows, chevrons and even lightning bolts in the same way we drew
ovals and boxes.

'o
'o begin drawing,
drawing, clic- on the shape
shape you want
want to draw (from
(from the menu
menu
on the toolbar and then position your cursor on the page where you
want to start drawing. 2ou will notice the pointer has become the
familiar crosshair1 draw by dragging as we did with the other tools. 'he
*$hift -ey once again constrains your drawings. $ome shapes may
have a new handle= a gray (>??? or yellow (6 diamond that lets you
reposition or redraw part of the shape. @or example, a callout bubble
can be adjusted so that the words are coming from the right side
instead of the left. ublisher 6 oers options in addition to those
available directly from the toolbar1 by choosing the ore Auto%ha&es
command, you can access a list of additional choices in the 'as- ane.

(or$attin" Objects

7nce you have created drawing objects with the tools above, you can
change their color, borders and shadows, for example. 0lic- on the
object to select it, and then choose a button on the far right of the
formatting toolbar. 'he paint buc-et icon represents the (ill #olor ,
which allows you to specify the shade to %ll the outline of your object.
2our
2our colors
colors may be limited
limited to the color
color scheme at %rst, but you can
can
choose ore #olors for more options=

'he Line #olor button allows you to specify a dierent color for the
border of the object, and the Line)Border %t*le button next to it
allows you to create dierent styles and thic-nesses of borders and
lines. ublisher 6 has added buttons to easily access formatting
options for arrows, shadows, and A+ styles. Bost of these options are
also available in ublisher >???1 they just don&t have their own
buttons. @or a full list of formatting options, consult the (or$at $enu
, or right#clic- on an object and choose the shortcut menu command to
#han"e Object (>??? or (or$at Auto%ha&e (6.
ublisher 6 users can access all elements of an object&s formatting in
a six#tabbed dialog box, rather than selecting each element separately.
Cote that not all the tabs will be active for every objectDEFthis is
another way in which ublisher displays its sensitivity to context. 6
users can also access the six#tabbed formatting box by simply double#
clic-ing on the object.

Addin" Tet to %ha&es

ublisher 6 permits the addition of text to an /uto$hape without

re:uiring you to create a text frame %rst (as in ublisher >???. $imply
begin typing once a shape is selected to add text to it. 'o ma-e
adjustments to the text contained in the shape, use the six#tabbed
formatting box and choose the Tet Bo tab .

%&ecial Objects

Gesides creating your own text and graphics objects with the tools we
have used thus far, you can also insert objects you have created with
other programs that support Bicrosoft&s 7bject in-ing and Hmbedding
(7H technology. 'o insert an 7H object (even audio and video clips
into your document, choose Object from the Insert $enu . $elect the
program that will create (or already has created the -ind of %le you
want to insert, and indicate whether you want to #reate +ew object
or #reate ro$ (ile , if you&ve already made the %le. 2ou will be
prompted to create a new object or locate a %le whose contents you
want to insert into the document. 2ou can also clic- the Lin- box to
have a lin- maintained between the original %le and the one embedded
in your publication so that ublisher will automatically update to reect
any changes in the lin-ed %le.
+epending on the type of object you want to insert, you may %nd the
Paste %&ecial command more straightforward. If you want to paste a
table or a picture into ublisher, for example, choose the #o&*
command from the Edit menu in the program in which the table or
picture exists. 'hen in ublisher, select the Paste %&ecial command
from the Edit menu and select the appropriate option. 'his feature
may also oer the option to paste the %le as a lin-, so that your
ublisher document will be updated with any changes to the external
%le.

ani&ulatin" Objects
We learned several ways of manipulating objects and their frames in
the Introduction class. 8ere we discuss several other important ways to
manage objects that are used in ublisher, as well as other layout
programs.

Orderin" .La*erin"/

7ne important consideration when wor-ing with objects in most

programs is the concept of layering. Hvery object you create occupies a
separate layer, so as you create objects, you are creating new layers
on top of older layers. 7ften you may want part of an object to obscure
part of another, but other times you will want to maneuver them so
that both are visible. @or this we will need the Arran"e $enu . Cotice
the second section of this menu has four commands= Brin" to (ront ,
Brin" (orward , %end Bac-ward , and %end to Bac- . 'o reorder
the objects& layers in your publication, %rst clic- on the object you want
to manipulate. 'his should bring up the object&s handles to indicate you
have selected it. Cow you can clic- on the Arran"e menu and then
one of the four layering commands to reposition it. Brin" to (ront will
bring the selected object to the topmost layer, regardless of how long
ago it was created. 0onversely, %end to Bac- will send the selected
object to the bac- of all objects on the page. 2ou can also move the
objects forward or bac-ward one layer at a time with Brin" (orward
and %end Bac-ward , respectively.
respectively.

0rou&in"
/nother useful tool in drawing programs is the ability to treat several
objects as one in order to move them around easily, for example. 'o
group several objects, you must %rst select them. Ba-e an initial
selection by clic-ing on an object, then hold down the *$hift -ey
while you clic- on additional objects to select them as well. If all the
objects you want to select are near each other, you can also clic- and
drag a mar:uee around all the objects you want to select. /t this point,
you should see an icon appear that will allow you to group the objects
(the upper image is >???&s and the lower is 6&s. 0lic-ing the icon will
group the objects. /lternatively, you may select 0rou& Objects from
the Arran"e menu. 7nce the objects have been grouped, you&ll see
that the individual object&s handles have been replaced by handles for
the entire group. ressing Delete will delete all of the selected objects1
choosing 0opy will copy all of the selected objects1 dragging one object
moves them all as a group, etc.

'o ungroup the objects, clic- on the grouping icon, or select 1n"rou&
Objects from the Arran"e menu. Gy the way, if you just want to wor-
with a group of objects for a moment, you need not group them= when
you have multiple objects selected (and you can see each individual
set of handles, any command you apply will aect them all (clic-ing
and dragging, for example, will move all the objects at once. 'he
downside of this techni:ue is that as soon as you clic- on any one
object within the group, the temporarily#grouped selection will
disappear.

Linin" 1& and +ud"in" Objects

'o line up several objects easily, you can select them using the
*$hift#clic-ing techni:ue and then choose the Ali"n Objects
command from the Arran"e menu. ('his command will be grayed out
unless you have at least > objects selected. If you are wor-ing in 6,
you will also have the option to Distribute selected objects. If you
want to move just one object at a time, you can choose the +ud"e
command to move the selection just a little bit at a time (an especially
handy command if you don&t want to !oom in to a >??J or more view.
2ou can also nudge objects by holding down the */lt -ey and
pressing one of the arrow -eys.

!otatin" and (li&&in" Objects

2ou might want your address text frame turned on its side or your
lightning bolt graphic rotated 45 degrees. 'his is possible through the
!otate)(li& submenu of the Arran"e menu. 0hoosing !otate Let
will rotate a selected object K? degrees countercloc-wise, while
selecting !otate !i"ht will spin the object K? degrees cloc-wise.
0hoosing #usto$ !otate or (ree !otate allows you to choose some
other degree of rotation. 6 users can also clic- and drag the circular
green cursor for an object to rotate it. In addition, to ip an object
along its 6 or 2 axis to mirror it, choose either the (li& 2erticall* or
(li& 3ori4ontall* command from the !otate)(li& submenu.

1sin" 0uides

2ou can also use guides to help you line up objects. In addition to
margin guides, you can also create column guides, for example. 2ou
can add such guides by choosing a command for either hori!ontal or
vertical guides from the !uler 0uides submenu of the Arran"e
menu. 8old down *$hift and drag to move the guide into position. If
you prefer, you can also add guides by holding the *$hift -ey and
dragging a ruler guide from one of the ruler bars onto the document
window. 2ou can rid yourself of all these guides by selecting #lear All
!uler 0uides or by dragging guides one by one o the page.
If you need evenly spaced guides, such those that organi!e columns on
your page, then you will probably want to choose La*out 0uides from
the Arran"e menu. 8ere you can specify margin guides as well as
evenly spaced row and column guides. 'hese guides will now appear
on every page of your publication. 'o ma-e it easy to align objects with
your guides, you can turn on the %na& to 0uides option. In >???,
choose %na& to 0uides from the Tools menu. In 6, choose To
0uides from the %na& submenu of the Arran"e menu.

Picture Dis&la* O&tions

If you have several pictures in your publication, you may notice that
ublisher slows down signi%cantly when you&re manipulating those
pictures. 'o speed up your wor-, you can choose display options that
allow you to wor- with the images but don&t slow down ublisher as
much. @rom the 2iew menu, select the Picture Dis&la* ( Pictures in
6 option. Hither the (ast resi4e and 4oo$ or 3ide &ictures option
should speed up your wor-. 0hanging the display options here changes
the way images loo- on the screen without aecting their print :uality.

The Desi"n 0aller*

Instead of creating complex designs from scratch, you can %nd them in
the ublisher +esign Lallery. @rom the Insert $enu , select Desi"n
0aller* Object , then choose a category of design and you can
browse ready#made objects that you can insert into your own
document, such as Bastheads and $idebars. 0lic- on a design you li-e,
and then clic- on the Insert Object button to insert the design.
%avin" 5our Own Desi"n

Cow that we -now how to ma-e our own groups of objects li-e those
we inserted into our documents by means of the +esign Lallery tool,
we can enter our own great designs into the +esign Lallery for later
use. /fter grouping objects with the 0rou& Objects command, select
the Insert menu and then choose the Add %election to Desi"n
0aller* command. Cow you can use the nifty logo you made in any
ublisher document

Tet (or$attin" and %t*les

Basic (or$attin"

9ust as you&ve learned in our Bicrosoft Word classes and documents,

you can easily format the font, font si!e, font style (bold, italic andMor
underlined and alignment of any text you select by using the
@ormatting toolbar or commands available from the @ormat menu. (If
you need a refresher, see our Word: Basic Formatting document.
Gecause ublisher is a layout program rather than a word#processing
program (li-e Word, it oers even more options for formatting your
text.

(ont %che$es

ublisher 6 oers an array of @ont $chemes, a fast way to update the

fonts in your publication without going to the trouble of selecting each
text box. 'hey&re accessible from the @ont $chemes option on the
@ormat menu. 'he choices will appear in the 'as- ane1 for each
scheme, there&s usually a major and a minor font. Bajor fonts are used
for headings and titles, while minor fonts are applied to regular text. 'o
apply a font scheme, select it and clic- on it, or choose /pply $cheme
from the drop#down arrow next to the scheme name. 2ou can also
choose to +uplicate $cheme1 this is a good idea if you want to ma-e a
variation on a default scheme, such as adding italics to the major font.
'hen you can adjust the duplicated scheme by ma-ing the desired
changes in your publication and choosing the command to Npdate
$cheme to Batch 0urrent ublication from the drop#down arrow. 2ou
can also rename or delete schemes as necessary.

Auto(it

2ou may %nd yourself struggling to %t text into a text boxDEFperhaps a

title just isn&t :uite big enough to stretch across the whole page, or a
story is a little too big to %t in the available space. /uto@it can solve
both problems. @irst, resi!e the text box to the desired capacity. Cext,
position your cursor inside the textbox, and from the (or$at menu
select the Auto(it Tet submenu. If the text is too small to ta-e up the
space inside the text box (as in the case of a title or heading, select
Best (it . If there is too much text for the available space (and you
don&t want to ma-e the remainder of the story ow into another text
box, select %hrin- Tet on Over6ow . Co matter which of these
options you select, whenever you resi!e the text box containing the
/uto@itted text, the font si!e of the selected text will automatically be
resi!ed to %ll the text box. If you no longer want this feature to change
your font si!e, select the +one option from the Auto(it Tet submenu
on the (or$at menu.

#haracter %&acin"

$ometimes you&ll want to add special eects to some of your text, such
as stretching out a headline across a page. "ather than simply using
/uto@it to set the font si!e, you can also use character spacing to
change the appearance of your text. @irst, select the text you want to
adjust, then from the (or$at menu select #haracter %&acin" . In the
dialog box that appears, you have a number of options. 'o shrin- or
stretch text, alter its %calin" settings (either by typing a number into
the %eld or by using the up and down arrows. 'o adjust the spacing for
a large bloc- of text, such as a paragraph, adjust the Trac-in" of the
text. 'o wor- on the spacing between only two characters, select
7ernin" instead. Lenerally spea-ing, you&ll probably want to leave the
automatic pair -erning setting on, since ta-ing it o may ma-e the
characters of your text s:uish too close together to be legible.
Cormally, text below O> pt does not need -erning adjustments.

/s you wor-, ublisher will display a sample of your settings at the

bottom of the dialog box. 'o see what these changes would loo- li-e in
your publication, press the A&&l* button. 2ou can ma-e further
adjustments as needed, and when you&re %nished, press O7 to accept
them. If you want these options to be available without the hassle of a
dialog box, you can %how Toolbar to display a toolbar with the
options for both character and line spacing. Bove the toolbar out of the
way by clic-ing on the gray rectangle at its right (>??? or on top (6.
'he options on the toolbar let you reposition the text box, using the x
(hori!ontal position and y (vertical position coordinate settings, adjust
its width and height, the angle of rotation, trac-ing, scaling, -erning,
and line spacing, respectively. (Cote= >??? users will see a toolbar that
is long rather than tall, but the options are in the same order.

Line %&acin"

2ou can also adjust the spacing between lines (li-e setting double
spacing as well as the amount of space before and after paragraphs
by choosing the Line %&acin" command from the (or$at menu.
While the option to set spacing Between lines is available from the
toolbar above, you can only set spacing before and after paragraphs in
the line spacing dialog box. ressing %how Toolbar in this dialog box
has the same eect as in the #haracter %&acin" dialog.

Indents and Lists

If you&re wor-ing with a bulleted or numbered list, or if you want to set
up indents at speci%c locations in your stories, you can use the
Indents and Lists command from the (or$at menu. 'o change the
way ublisher is automatically indenting your bulleted or numbered
text, choose the appropriate option. ublisher will display the list type&s
default settings, which you can then change. 2ou can also set the
indent options for normal (not bulleted or numbered text by choosing
the +or$al option under Indent %ettin"s . @rom the Preset drop#
down menu under the Indents section, you can alter a number of
indent types (such as hanging indents, :uotations, or %rst line indents,
or even set up a #usto$ indent. In addition, you can select a text
alignment from the Ali"n$ent drop#down menu at the bottom of the
dialog box. ('hese options are also available as buttons on the
(or$attin" toolbar. @inally, the Line %&acin" button is a shortcut to
the Line %&acin" dialog box.

(or$at Painter

7nce you&ve formatted one story completely, you may wish that you
could 3paste3 the special formatting onto several other stories. 2ou can
do so with the (or$at Painter8 @irst, select the text whose formatting
you want to 3copy.3 'hen clic- on the @ormat ainter icon in the
%tandard toolbar and select the text onto which you want to 3paste3
the formatting, and ublisher will transfer the formatting attributes. 'o
paste formatting onto several stories, double#clic- on the (or$at
Painter icon instead of single#clic-ing1 now everything you select will
be changed to the formatting you 3copied.3 'o turn the @ormat ainter
o, clic- its icon on the toolbar again.

%t*les

If you will need to use the same set of formatting attributes several
times in your publication (perhaps because you want all of your
headings to loo- ali-e, for example then you may want to create a
$tyle instead of relying on the @ormat ainter. $tyles are collections of
formatting features saved with a name that you choose1 you can then
select the $tyle you need from the %t*le drop#down menu in the
@ormatting toolbar. /ny selected text will then be reformatted to match
the speci%ed $tyle1 if no text is selected, your paragraph will be
reformatted.

'o create $tyles, choose Tet %t*le from the (or$at menu. In the
dialog box, choose the option to #reate a new st*le8 In the 0reate
Cew $tyle dialog box that now appears, you can type in a name for
your style, then set formatting attributes for the text using the %ve
buttons below the $tyle&s name. ublisher will display a preview of the
formatting settings you&ve made on the right side of the dialog box.
7nce you&re happy with your settings, press O78 2ou can continue
creating as many $tyles as you&d li-e for your publication. When you&re
%nished creating $tyles, clic- the #lose button. /ll of your $tyles will
now appear as options in the $tyle drop#down menu on the @ormatting
toolbar1 you can simply select them to apply the formatting settings to
your text.
If you later decide that you want to ma-e further adjustments to a
$tyle, simply return to the Tet %t*le dialog box by choosing that
command from the (or$at menu, select the $tyle you want to alter,
and clic- the option to #han"e this st*le8 7nce you ma-e a change
to a $tyle in the dialog box, all the text formatting in that $tyle in your
document will automatically be updated. In this dialog box, you can
also rename or delete styles as necessary (although you won&t be able
to delete default styles that ublisher creates. Gest of all, if you have
set up $tyles for a Bicrosoft Word document, for example, you can
import them into ublisher by choosing the option to I$&ort new
st*les8 2ou can then browse your %les for the document whose $tyles
you want to copy (hint= you may have to choose a dierent %le format
in the (iles o t*&e drop#down menu in order to see your Word %les.
ublisher will then convert the $tyles and import them into the list that
displays in the 'ext $tyle dialog1 you can easily delete any $tyles that
won&t be necessary for your ublisher document while in this dialog.
When you&re %nished, press #lose to return to your document window1
you will now be able to select the imported styles from the $tyle drop#
down menu on the @ormatting toolbar.

ublisher 6 users will see a slight dierence in the presentation of

these options= the command from the (or$at menu is called %t*les
and (or$attin", and the list of styles displays in the 'as- ane rather
than in a separate dialog box. Geneath the list of styles, you&ll see
options to display /ll $tyles or just those $tyles in use, a button that
allows you to choose a document from which to import styles, and a
button that will set up a new style, if desired. 2ou can see the
attributes of each style simply by loo-ing at the examples listed in the
Tas- Pane8 'o change any attributes of a style, clic- on the drop#down
arrow next to the name of the style and select the odi* command to
access formatting options. 'o apply a style to a story, select the story
and then clic- on the name of the style in the 'as- ane. In case of
disaster, the %rst $tyle listed is usually #lear (or$attin", which
returns your selection to the default text settings. When copying or
moving text, ublisher 6 will often display a aste icon next to the
selection1 clic-ing on the drop#down arrow next to the icon will provide
you with the choice of copying the text and formatting into the
selection, or simply the text.

Dro& #a&s

'o create an oversi!ed beginning letter for your story li-e those in fairy
tales, choose the Dro& #a& command from the (or$at menu. 7n the
+rop 0ap tab that initially appears, you can select from a variety of
drop cap styles that will apply to the %rst letter of your story. 'o see
how your story will loo- with a particular style, select it and press the
A&&l* button. $hop around (try scrolling to the right until you %nd the
option you li-e best, then press O7 when you&re done. If you are
loo-ing for some fancier options, you may want to loo- at the #usto$
Dro& #a& tab. 8ere you can set the height of the drop cap, the si!e of
the letters (in line height, and even how many letters should be in the
drop cap format. 2ou can set your own font, font style, and color, too.

$hould you decide later that you don&t want the text to be in drop cap
format, go to the (or$at menu. 2ou&ll now see a command that says
#han"e Dro& #a&8 In the +rop 0ap dialog box, press the !e$ove
button to eliminate any drop caps in your current story.

9or-in" with Tet and %ha&es

If you are wor-ing with ublisher >??? and you want to place text
3inside3 a shape, then you will have to go through several steps to get
your text to %t. 2ou will need to create both an object frame (for the
circle and a text frame in which to type your text1 then you&ll need to
adjust the text frame&s %ll color by choosing +o (ill from the (ill #olor
dialog box (available from the (or$at menu. 2ou still may need to
complete some adjustments to get the text properly lined up with the
circle (try using /uto@it to help you as you wor-. If you need to move
the object and text, you&ll have to group them %rst.

ublisher 6 ma-es the process less messy, since you can simply begin
typing once you clic- and drag out an /uto$hape in your publication.
'he text will automatically be added in a text frame associated with
the shape, and the two are lin-ed together so that any changes you
ma-e to the /uto$hape will automatically cause an adjustment to the
text frame. 2ou can also use /uto@it here to ma-e ublisher do the
wor- of resi!ing your text.

ail er"e

If you&re creating certain types of publications, ublisher will oer you

the option of adding a space for your customers& mailing addresses.
2ou can then import a data source you&ve already created or ma-e up a
ublisher address list using options from the ail er"e menu in
ublisher >???1 ublisher 6 users can select the ail er"e 9i4ard
option from the ail er"e submenu of the Tools menu. @or more
information on using a Bail Berge, see the document Word XP/2000
Merging. While the Bail Berge feature can be a handy time#saving
device if you&re printing out a small number of brochures, -eep in mind
that you&ll have to print each brochure (or at least one page of it on
your printer rather than being able to photocopy them. +epending on
the cost of your printer&s toner cartridge compared to that of your
photocopier, you may %nd it more cost#eective to perform a Bail
Berge onto labels and simply photocopy your ublisher document.
 #reatin" a Te$&late
7nce you&ve done all the wor- of creating a publication with the
appropriate layout and image elements, you may want to save it for
future wor-. If, for example, you publish a monthly newsletter, then it
would be helpful to be able to simply enter new content in the layout
you&ve set up. When you save a publication as a template, you can
create a new document based on that template without aecting the
original document (i.e., last month&s newsletter. 'o save your
publication as a template, choose %ave As from the (ile menu. In the
%ave as T*&e drop#down menu at the bottom of the dialog box, select
Publication Te$&late8 ublisher will automatically locate the
'emplates folder on your computer, and when you press %ave, you&ll
save your publication into that folder. When you&re ready to use the
template to create a new publication, choose the +ew command from
the (ile menu. In ublisher >???, loo- at the bottom of the 0atalog
dialog box for the Te$&lates button, then clic- it. In ublisher 6,
choose the (ro$ Te$&late option under the +ew category on the
'as- ane. In both cases, you can then select the template you created
from the 'emplates folder, where it was saved.

The Bac-"round)aster Pa"e

@or elements that you want repeated on each page, such as page
numbers or logos, you&ll need to use ublisher&s Gac-ground (in >???
or Baster age (in 6. 'o wor- on the bac-ground, go to the 2iew
menu and choose 0o To Bac-"round (>??? or aster Pa"e (6.
7bjects you create here will appear on every page unless you indicate
otherwise. 2ou can get bac- to wor-ing on page#speci%c items by
returning to the Piew menu and choosing 0o To (ore"round (>???
or re#selecting Baster age (6. 2ou can use the Gac-groundMBaster
age for things li-e...

• Pa"e +u$bers: /lthough it&s possible to place page numbers

outside the Gac-groundMBaster age, to ma-e sure that your
page numbers show up in a uniform position, you&ll want to
create them in the Gac-groundMBaster age. Lo to the
Gac-groundMBaster age and create a text frame where you want
to place the page numbers. 'hen from the Insert menu, select
Pa"e +u$bers8 ublisher will insert a pound sign (Q to indicate
the placement of the number1 when you return to the
@oregroundMregular view, you will see that the pound sign has
been converted to the appropriate page number. @ol-s who are
comfortable with headers and footers from Bicrosoft Word may
 want to use 6&s options for 3eader and (ooter, available from
the 2iew menu.
• 9ater$ar-s: erhaps you are interested in putting some sort of
text (li-e 3+"/@'3 or 3'7 $H0"H'3 or a light#gray logo in the
bac-ground. 'o do so, go to the Gac-groundMBaster age and
create a text frame or picture frame (even, perhaps, a Word/rt
frame with the desired text or logo. 2ou li-ely want to be able to
read the text in the rest of your publication over the watermar-,
so you&ll probably need to change your text or image color to
gray. Nse the options on the @ormatting toolbar to adjust the
coloring of the watermar- object. In addition, you may need to
set the %ll color of your text box to +o (ill8 'o ma-e the
watermar- object stretch across the entire publication, use the
resi!ing handles for the object and rotate or ip it as needed.

• 3idin" Bac-"round Objects on #ertain Pa"es: It might be

the case that you want recurring headers, page numbers or
watermar-s on some pages, but not on others. Cot to worry= it is
simple to suppress Gac-groundMBaster age objects for individual
pages. $imply go to the page where you want to suppress the
Gac-ground objects, clic- on the

• 2iew menu, and choose I"nore Bac-"round (>??? or I"nore

aster Pa"e (6. Co Gac-groundMBaster age objects will
display for this page. 'o return them to view, select this option
again. Cote= ignoring the Gac-groundMBaster age is an all#or#
nothing proposition. 2ou can&t maintain the watermar- while you
hide page numbers, for example.

MS Publisher ships with over five thousand clipart images and photographs. You can insert any of
these into your publication.

However, for an even more dramatic and creative look, why not "layer" two or more images

!f you plave two images on top of each other, the second image will obscure the first. However,
you can achieve really eyecatching results by deciding which of the images should be on top.
#ike this...
 Here we have two graphics, a $uill pen and a letter, but
the letter is obscuring the pen, making the graphic
unusable.

%otice that the #etter graphic is selected. &hat we need

to do is to send it to the back, so that the $uill can be on
top.

'lick on the "Send to (ack" tool on the top toolbar which

looks like this)

*nd suddenly your graphic takes on a whole new clarity+

%otice, when you use the "Send to (ack" or "(ring to

ront" tools, the top graphic becomes "transparent" and
does %- totally obscure the graphic beneath it/

!f you place a te0t bo0 on top of a picture, it won1t

automatically become transparent. !n that case, to allow
the picture behind to show through, press the Ctrl + T
keys simultaneously.

MICROSOFT PUBLISHER !!!

STARTING MICROSOFT PUBLISHER

2. 1. Click on Start Button

3. 2. Move your pointer up to programs.
4. 3.

5. Move your pointer over and up to

(or down to) Microsoft u!lis"er
6. #. Click on Microsoft u!lis"er.

MICROSOFT PUBLISHER CATALOG

7. $. %"e first window t"at opens is t"e Microsoft u!lis"er Catalog. %"e
u!lis"er Catalog is a visual directory of pu!lication designs. &t appears eac"
time you start u!lis"er 2'''. ou can use t"e catalog to open an eisting
pu!lication or to create a new one.
Clicking on t"e
Public"tions b#
$i%"r& ta! allows you
to personalie
pu!lications !y using
wiards.

Clicking on t"e
Public"tions b#
Design ta! allows you
to create a set of
pu!lications (letter"ead0
!usiness cards0
!roc"ure) wit" a
common t"eme.

Clicking on t"e Bl"nk

Public"tions ta! allows
you to create a
pu!lication from
scratc".

Clicking on t"e
E'isting Files !utton
allows you to work on a
pu!lication you "ave
already started.

CREATE A QUICK PUBLICATION

8. *.

9. Click on t"e
Public"tions b#
$i%"r& ta!.

:. +. Click on ,uick
u!lications in
t"e -iard
pane.

2;. /. &n t"e pane on t"e

rig"t0 scroll down
until you find t"e
Borders ,uick
 u!lication. Click
on t"e pu!lication.

22. . Click on t"e

Start -iard
!utton.

23. 1'. -"en t"e following window opens0 click on t"e  !utton.

24. 11. %"e net window t"at

opens allows you to c"ange
your personal information.
Since you are not working on
your own computer0 click on
t"e Cancel !utton( $hen
#ou cre"te " Publisher
&ocu)ent on #our o*n
co)puter+ #ou c"n t"ke the
ti)e to co)plete this
person"l in,or)"tion(

25. 12. %"e net steps will take you t"roug" t"e -iard.

a. a. 4ead t"e introduction in t"e ,uick u!lication -iard pane.

b. !. Click on t"e 5et !utton located at t"e !ottom of t"e pane.
c. c. %"e net wiard pane allows you to pick t"e color sc"eme for your
pu!lication. Click on t"e 5et !utton. ou can always c"ange t"e color
sc"eme later.
d. d. %"e net wiard pane allows you to pick t"e layout for your
pu!lication. 4ead t"roug" t"e list of possi!le layouts. Select si&eb"r
he"&ing+ picture "t botto) and click on t"e 6inis" !utton at t"e !ottom
of t"e pane.
 THE PUBLISHER WINDOW

3. 13. 6ind eac" of t"e following components in t"e u!lis"er window.

-iard

ffice 7ssistant

%ool!ars

S"ow89ide -iard u!lication in main window

age &con
-iard ptions
THE TOOLBARS

4. 1#. Screen%ips
 -"en you move your pointer on top of any !utton on t"e tool!ars0 a small !o
appears wit" t"e name of eac" !utton. %"e !o is called a Screen%ip.

%creenT
5. 1$. %"e Menu B"r contains a list of menus t"at will "elp you create0 edit0 and
format pu!lications.

7s you click on eac" menu0 additional options appear. :ac" option can s"ow
more c"oices0 depending on w"at you are doing in u!lis"er 2'''. &f a menu
option looks faded (is grayed out)0 t"e option is not currently availa!le to you0 !ut
it will !e availa!le for ot"er activities. %"e options t"at are displayed w"en you
click on a !utton are t"ose t"at were recently used. %o view all availa!le options
on t"at menu0 "old your pointer over t"e list for a couple of seconds or click on
t"e dou!le arrow ( ) at t"e !ottom of t"e list.

6. 27. he Standard toolbar contains buttons that give you $uick access
to Publisher 3;;;<s most commonly used functions, such as opening,
saving, and printing.

%"e !uttons on t"is tool!ar allow you to;

'reate a new publication ormat the Painter

pen an eisting pu!lication <ndo a c"ange you made

Save a pu!lication 4edo an undo

rint a pu!lication Bring selection to t"e front

Cut selection Send selection to t"e !ack

Copy selection 4otate selection

 S"ow89ide special
aste selection
c"aracters
C"ange
magnification0
oom in and out

Move your pointer over each button. * Screenip should appear

displaying the button name. he name gives you a clue as to the function.

7. 1+. %"e For)"tting Toolb"r contains !uttons t"at c"ange depending on w"at
type of frame is selected.

-"en a frame containing tet is selected t"e following !uttons s"ould appear on
t"e formatting tool!ar;

Click on a frame in your document t"at contains tet. C"eck t"e formatting
tool!ar to see w"at !uttons appear. Move your pointer over t"e !uttons to review
t"eir names. %"e !uttons on t"is version of t"e ,or)"tting toolb"r allow you to;

'hange the Style !ndent te0t to the left

C"ange t"e type of 6ont &ndent tet to t"e rig"t

C"ange t"e font sie =ecrease font sie

Make t"e tet !old &ncrease font sie

Make t"e tet italics C"ange fill color

<nderline t"e tet C"ange line color

7lign left C"ange font color

Center C"ange line or !order style

7lign rig"t C"ange tet frame properties

>ustify 4otate selection to t"e left

7dd num!ered list 4otate selection to t"e rig"t

7dd !ullets
 -"en a frame containing a picture is selected0 t"e following !uttons s"ould
appear on t"e formatting tool!ar.

Click on a frame in your document t"at contains a picture. C"eck t"e formatting
tool!ar to see w"at !uttons appear. Move your pointer over t"e !uttons to review
t"eir names. %"e !uttons on t"is version of t"e ,or)"tting toolb"r allow you to;

'rop the picture C"ange line or !order style

:dit irregular wrap points C"ange frame properties

-rap tet to frame 4otate to t"e left

-rap tet to picture 4otate to t"e rig"t

C"ange fill color 6lip "oriontally

C"ange line color 6lip vertically

8. 1/. %"e Ob-ects toolb"r 0 located on t"e left side of t"e screen0 contains
!uttons t"at "elp you create frames0 place o!?ects0 and format for t"e we!.

Move your pointer over eac" !utton. 7 Screen%ip s"ould appear displaying t"e
!utton name. %"e name gives you a clue as to t"e function.

Pointer
Tool
Tet (ra$e Tool
Table (ra$e
Tool
9ordArt (ra$e
Picture (ra$e
#li& 0aller* Tool

Line Tool
Oval
!ectan"le
#usto$
ASKING FOR HELP  !OUR OFFICE ASSISTANT

9. 1. Microsoft u!lis"er 2''' "as an etensive "elp s ystem and can @uickly
find answers to @uestions as you work. u!lis"er 2''' "as an office assistant t"at
can answer @uestions0 give you "elpful tips0 and display alerts t"at "elp you
improve your productivity. -"atever your task0 t"e office assistant can "elp you.

:. 2'. 6ind your office assistant. %"e default

office assistant is t"e paper clip (Clippit).

&f your office assistant is not present0

you can click t"e "elp !utton

on Standard %ool!ar and your office
assistant will appear.

2;. 21. Click on t"e office assistant. Click in t"e space w"ere t"e p"rase A%ype
your @uestion "ere0 and t"en click Searc" is located. %ype your @uestion and
click on t"e Searc" !utton. -"at appears net is a list of options. Click on your
c"oice or click on t"e see more option at t"e !ottom. 7 "elp window will open
giving you step!ystep instructions for completing t"e task.

22. 22. ou can c"ange your ffice 7ssistant !y;

• • 4ig"t mouse click on t"e office assistant

• • Move your pointer down to C"oose 7ssistant
• • Click on C"oose 7ssistant
• • Click on t"e .e't or B"ck !uttons to view
t"e availa!le assistants.
• •
 • Click O/ once you find an assistant you like or
click C"ncel to keep t"e current assistant.

SA"ING !OUR PUBLICATION

23. 34. o save your publication for the first time,

you need to)

• • 'lick on the ile button on the menu bar

• • Move your pointer down to Save *s=

• • 'lick on Save *s..

24. 35. he ne0t window that opens allows you to determine where to
save your publication. Save your file on the hard drive >')/ or in your
folder under userbhs on ?@disonA >H)/.

H"r& Dri0e o, the

co)puter #ou "re Buil&ing "n& Ser0er1
currentl# using (HS 
@dison
(BHS  @dison
(ent 
'arver
Ser0er ,or BHS usersStevenson  Morse
Loc"te& in the -akland  ermi
technolog# o,,ices !rving 
(ell

25. 36. -nce you have decided where to save your publication, you will
need to type in the name of your publication in the F#l$ na%$& bo0 and
click the Sa'$ button.

26. 37. Periodically,

your office assistant
will remind you that
it is time to save
your publication.
&hen it is time to
save, the dialog bo0
at the right will
appear.

27. 38. You need to

click yes if you want
to save the
publication or click
%o if you do not
want to save at this
time.

MODIF!ING !OUR PUBLICATION

28. 2/. C"ange t"e 9eading

• • 9ig"lig"t (click and drag your mouse over) t"e word 9eading.
 • •

• %ype in 7rt Clu!.

29. 2. C"ange t"e message.

• • 9ig"lig"t t"e tet Alace your message "ere. 6or maimum impact0 use
two or t"ree sentences.
• • %ype in Tues&"#2s and "it t"e enter !utton
• • %ype in 13! p()( and "it t"e enter !utton.
• • %ype in Roo) 453 and "it t"e enter !utton.

2:. 3'. C"ange t"e font.

• • 9ig"lig"t t"e tet you want to c"ange.

• • Click on t"e down arrow net to t"e current font.

• • 7 list of t"e fonts availa!le on your computer s"ould appear. 5otice t"at
t"e list gives you a preview of w"at t"at font looks like. Scroll down until you
find a font you like. Click on t"e font of your c"oice.

3;. 31. C"ange t"e alignment of t"e tet

• •

• 9ig"lig"t t"e tet.

• • Click on one of t"e alignment !uttons.

32. 43. 'hange the font color)

• • Highlight the te0t.

• • 'lick on the ont 'olor button on the formatting toolbar.
• • he menu that opens allows you to)
   Pick a color from the
current color scheme
  Pick a different color
scheme
  Pick a color from the color
palette >More 'olors../
  Pick a ill @ffect

33. 44. 'hange the frame fill color)

• • Select a frame by clicking anywhere on or in the frame.

• • 'lick on the ill 'olor button on the formatting toolbar.
• • he menu that opens allows you to)

  Select %o ill
  Pick a color from the
current color scheme
  Pick a different color
scheme
  Pick a color from the color
palette >More 'olors../
  Pick a ill @ffect

34. 45. 'hange the border style)

• • Select a frame by clicking anywhere on or in the frame.

• • 'lick on the #ineC(order Style button on the formatting toolbar.
• •
 • he menu that opens allows you to select from various preset line and
border styles

• • he Mor$ St(l$) selection gives you two options. 'lick on the
L#n$ Bord$r tab to change the line thickness and color. 'lick on the
Bord$rArt tab to use a design as your border. he Bord$rArt window
is shown below)

35. 46. DesiEing a frame)

 • • 'lick on the frame with the message regarding the meeting day,
time, and location.
• • %otice that a thin gray line defines the boundaries of the frame and
that a black s$uare is displayed at each corner and half way along
each side. hese black s$uares are called selection handles.
• • &hen you position your pointer over a
selection handle, your pointer changes to
the resiEe pointer.
• • -nce the resiEe pointer is displayed,
you can click and drag the frame to a
different siEe.
• • DesiEe the message frame.

36. 47. Moving a frame)

• • 'lick on the frame with the message regarding the meeting day,
time, and location.
• • Position your pointer over the gray
frame outline. he pointer should change
to the move pointer.
• • &hen your pointer changes to the move
pointer, you can click and drag the frame to
a different location. You can even drag the
frame to the gray work area surrounding
your publication.
• • Move the message frame so that it is centered vertically on the
right side of the document.

37. 48. 'hanging a picture)

• • R#*t %o,)$ click on the picture frame.

• • Move your pointer up to Can*$ P#-t,r$.
• • Move your pointer over to P#-t,r$.
• • Move your pointer over to Cl#/ Art .
• • 'lick on 'lip *rt.
• • he In)$rt Cl#/ Art window should open. he clip art is organiEed
into several different categories. You could pick a category and
browse through the clip art in that category. he clip art window allows
you to search for clip art. ype art in the Search for clips bo0 and hit
the enter key.

• •

• Scroll through the clip art.

'lick on the clip you want to
insert into your publication.
&hen you click on the clip,
another window opens giving
you the option to 2/ insert the
 clip, 3/ preview the clip, 4/
add the clip to your favorites,
or 5/ find similar clips. 'lick
on the In)$rt Cl#/ icon.

• • he 'lip *rt window does

not close once you insert a
clip. o close the window,
click on the F in the upper
right hand corner of the
window.

38. 49.

39. *dd a frame)

• • ind the Ob0$-t) Toolbar on the left.

• • ind and click on the icon
for the Cl#/ Gall$r( Tool.
• • Move your pointer to your
where you want to insert a
new frame on your
publication.
• •

• 'lick and draw a bo0 forming

the outline of the new frame.
• • he !nsert 'lip *rt window
will open automatically when
you release your mouse
button.
• • Select another graphic to
add to your publication.
• • ollow the same
procedure when adding a te0t
frame, table frame, &ord*rt
frame, picture frame, and the
various shapes.
3:. 4:. @diting the (order)

• •

• 'lick on the blue, yellow, and

orange border in your
publication.
• • %otice that a button
appears along the bottom of
the publication.
• • Move your pointer over
the button and you will see
that this is a wiEard button.
• •

• 'lick on the wiEard button and

a Bord$r) Cr$at#on W#1ard
window opens.
• • his window gives you
different options for borders in
this design.
• • 'lick on the options and
notice how the border
changes.

• •

• You can make additional

changes to the border by right
mouse clicking anywhere on
the border.
• • &hen the window opens,
move your mouse down to
'hange Dectangle.
• • *nother window opens
giving you the option of
changing the fill color, the line
 color, the lineCborder style, or
adding a shadow.
• • @0periment with these
options.

PERSONALI2ED CERTIFICATES WITH MAIL MERGE

Part 3& Cr$at$ an E4-$l Do-,%$nt

2. 2. Start Microsoft @0cel.

3. 3. !n 'ell *2 type irst%ame.
4. 4. !n 'ell (2 type #ast%ame.
5. 5. !n 'ell '2 type Gate.
6. 6. !n 'ell G2 type Hours.
7. 7. !n 'ell @2 type *ctivity.
8. 8. ype in the first name, last name, date, hours, and activity
for each participant.
9. 9. Sa'$ the document to your hard drive or to your folder on
@dison.
:. :. (efore you close @0cel, notice that the first row of your
spreadsheet contains the headings for each column.
2;. 2;.

22. *lso notice that this @0cel

document contains three
sheets and your data is
found on sheet 2 unless
you switched sheets. You
should be able to see tabs
for each sheet in the lower
left hand corner of the
window. You will need to
remember which sheet
contains your information.
23. 22. 'lose @0cel.

Part II& D$)#*n a C$rt#5#-at$

24. 23. Start Publisher.

25. 24. nder the Publications by &iEard tab, select A6ard
C$rt#5#-at$).
 26. 25. %otice you can select a certificate for printing on plain paper
or on special paper. Scroll through the possible designs and select
one you like.
27. 26. 'ustomiEe the certificate if necessary.
28. 27. Save the blank certificate to your hard drive or your folder
on @dison.

Part III& Ma#l M$r*$

29. 28. -pen your blank certificate.

2:. 29. 'lick on Ma#l M$r*$ on the menu bar.
3;. 2:.

32. Move your pointer down to O/$n Data So,r-$ . 'lick on -pen Gata
Source.

33. 3;. he ne0t window wants to know what type of data source
you will be using. Since we created our data source in @0cel you
will need to click on the second option I M$r*$ #n5or%at#on 5ro%
anot$r t(/$ o5 5#l$ .
34. 32. he ne0t window that opens wants to know where to look
for your data source. You need to do three things at this window.
You will need to select Microsoft @0cel >J.0ls/ in the iles of type)
bo0.

35. 33. %ow you need to select the drive or folder where you saved
your data source. -nce you have found your data file, you need to
click on the file and then click open.

36. 34.

37. *fter you open your data

source file, your office
assistant will want to know
if you want to use the
entries in the first row of
your data as filed names.
 !f you followed in the
directions in Mail Merge
Part !, then you need to
click on Yes.

38. 35. he ne0t window

that opens wants to know
the name of the sheet or
table that contains the
information you want to
merge. !f you followed
the directions in Part ! you
should enter )$$t3.
'lick on the -K button.
39. 36. he ne0t window
that opens has a list of the
field names you can insert
into your certificate.

3:. 37. Highlight the area where you want to insert the participantLs
name.
4;. 38. 'lick on F#r)tNa%$ in the !nsert ields window and then
click on the In)$rt button. %otice that irst%ameNN appears on
the certificate.

42. 39. Press the space bar to insert a space between the first and
last names of the participant.
43. 3:. 'lick on La)tNa%$ in the !nsert ields window and click on
the !nsert button.
44. 4;. 'ontinue to insert the other fields in the appropriate
locations on the certificate.
45. 42. he picture below shows what the e0ample certificate would
look like once all the fields have been inserted into the publication.
You can close the !nsert ields window.
46. 43. %ow you are ready to merge the information. 'lick on Ma#l
M$r*$ on the menu bar. Move the pointer down to M$r*$ and
click.

47. 44. he window that opens ne0t allows you to preview each
merged document. he arrows on this window allow you to move
through the merged documents one document at a time or to skip
to the beginning or end of the list.
 48. 45. he last step would be to print the merged documents.
'lick on F#l$ on the menu bar. Move your pointer down to Pr#nt
M$r*$. Select the printer and click -K.

MORE HELP AND IDEAS  ONLINE TUTORIALS

M#-ro)o5t P,bl#)$r 7888 In and O,t o5 t$ Cla))roo%

http)CCwww.microsoft.comCeducationCtutorialCclassroomCpub3kCdefault.asp

Tabl$ o5 Cont$nt)
Introd,-t#on
  -"atDs in t"is !ook
  5ew for 2'''
G$tt#n* !o,r B$ar#n*)
  Eearn "ow desktop pu!lis"ing can !e used across t"e curriculum.
  Start u!lis"er and !egin a new pu!lication.
  Create a onepage pu!lication wit" t"e ,uick u!lication -iard.
  <se t"e ffice 7ssistant to get "elp.
  4eplace tet and pictures.
  Save0 print0 and close a pu!lication .
Cr$at#n* a Cal$ndar
  &dentify sc"ool0 community0 and personal use of a calendar.
  <se t"e Calendar -iard to create a mont"ly calendar.
  Customie your calendar wit" tet and Clip 7rt.
  7dd p"otograp"s to your calendar.
  Save and print your calendar.
  u!lis" your calendar on t"e -orld -ide -e!.

Cr$at#n* a N$6)l$tt$r
  <nderstand t"e general layout of a newsletter.
  <se t"e 5ewsletter -iard to create a twopage layout.
  <se t"e design gallery to en"ance t"e newsletter layout.
  &nsert a tet file and clip art into eisting frames.
  4eview and edit eisting tet0 including c"ecking your spelling.
  7dd a Fdrop capF to a story to add visual interest.
  7dd or delete etra pages.
  Convert your newsletter to a -e! page.
Pro%ot#n* a S-ool Or*an#1at#on
  <nderstand t"e types of materials used in marketing.
  <nderstand t"e general layout of a !roc"ure.
  Create a set of promotional materials using u!lication !y =esign
-iards;
Create a !roc"ure.
Create a letter"ead and envelope.
Create a %"ank ou card.
P,bl#-#1#n* an E'$nt
  <se t"e ostcard -iard to create an invitation appropriate for an
event.