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“A Study that Aims to Determine the Correlation between the Self-Determination and

the Cognitive Impulsivity with regards to the Decision Patterns of the Adolescents

in Dasmariñas, Cavite”

A Research Proposal Presented to the College Faculty of

National Science and Technology

Ale, Cristian D.

Dumlao, Gil Muriel D.

A.Y. 2023-2024

Chapter I
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INTRODUCTION

Adolescents experience several issues as they go through the process of development

in terms of both mental and physical aspects. Among the various psychological challenges

that they experience includes their ability to perform several high-level cognitive processes

such as problem solving, decision-making, planning and some low-level cognitive processes

including goal setting and attainment as well as self-regulation. Majority of these variables

are directly related to the state of a single psychological construct known as self-

determination. In connection with this, the aforementioned construct refers to the ability of

an individual to think and develop choices and manage the flow of their own life (Cherry

Kendra, MSEd & Susman David, PhD, 2022). Furthermore, it was also discovered that being

self-determined is equivalent to having the ability to feel in greater control as opposed to

not being self-determined which would make a person perceive that their life is being

controlled by the people around them (Cherry Kendra, MSEd & Susman David, PhD, 2022).

Furthermore, Self-Determination Theory provides an idea which involves two (2) types of

motivation; the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation that are both crucial factors in the

development of an individual in terms of their character and behavior (Ackerman Courtney

E, MA & Neuhaus Maike, PhD, 2018). The intrinsic motivation comes from within which

states that there are only internal drives that inspire an individual which includes their

values, interests, and personal sense of morality. On the other hand, extrinsic motivation

focuses on the idea that external factors such as financial wealth, and physical rewards are

what makes an individual motivated (Ackerman Courtney E, MA. & Neuhaus Maike, PhD,

2018).

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Additionally, Self-Determination Theory also argues that the sense of autonomy,

competence and relatedness of an individual contribute to the quality of motivation they

would experience which would act as a determinant of the engagement and quality of

performance in terms of persistence and creativity of a person.

Moreover, several research studies have discovered that adolescents are also having

issues with their attention and behavior aside from their ability to make rational decisions.

Issues such as lack of attention, forethought deficiency and aggression tendencies are some

of the challenges these individuals have to deal with during their adolescence. As the age of

technology continues to develop, researchers have finally found out that majority of the

issues adolescents deal with during this stage of their personal development are related to a

unique psychological construct commonly referred to as cognitive impulsivity. In relation to

this, the aforementioned variable is said to be the tendency of an individual to act without

any prior forethought (Begum Jabeen, MD, et al., 2023).

Additionally, research also indicates that the state of cognitive impulsivity is also related to

the maturity of the prefrontal cortex in the brain. It was discovered that the prefrontal

cortex enables an individual to make rational decisions and help override impulsive urges

which could possibly result in performing an action without prior rationalization (Schwartz

Allan, LCSW, PhD., et al, 2015). In other words, the more developed the prefrontal cortex is

the low the tendency for an individual to experience the manifestations of cognitive

impulsivity.

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Although it is a negative construct, researchers were able to discover that on a minimal

amount, cognitive impulsivity is not necessarily a sign of trouble and is also considered

normal especially on children and teenagers since it was found that during this period their

brains are still developing which contributes to the degree of their impulsiveness (Begum

Jabeen, MD, et al., 2023).

In response to this, the researchers would conduct a study regarding the relationship

between the self-determination and the cognitive impulsivity of adolescents in order to

determine how these variables are related to their decision patterns. The study will be

conducted on Dasmariñas in which the researchers would select individuals who are still in

their adolescence period. There would be two (2) constructs in this research in which both

of them are considered as dependent variables. The researchers selected both self-

determination and cognitive impulsivity as their respective constructs for this study due to

the reason being that these two (2) are considered to be related to the psychological

challenges adolescents experience which specifically focus on their decision-making abilities.

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Background of the Problem

Adolescence is a period in which each individual has to go through and has become one

of the factors that molds the character of a person. Several challenges come forth in this

stage which helps a person develop in terms of both psychological and physiological

aspects. One of the major challenges adolescents have to deal with is attaining the state of

being self-determined. Self-determination, according to the Self-Determination Theory,

centers on the basic psychological needs which revolve around competency, autonomy, and

relatedness which are the three (3) main factors that determine the degree of gratitude and

motivation in an individual perspective (Deci & Ryan, 1985,2012). Furthermore, as what was

found during several studies regarding this psychological construct, the absence or lack of

having the sense of being self-determined would result in thinking an individual has no

control over their life which supports the idea regarding its significance with the mental

development of a person (Susman David, PhD & Cherry Kendra, MSEd, 2022).

Furthermore, Self-Determination Theory also states that in order to become self-

determined there needs to be the presence of autonomy, competence, and relatedness.

Autonomy refers to the feeling an individual has regarding their own behaviors and goals.

This element helps a person become determined that they are allowed to control their own

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actions since they are capable of managing them on their own. On the other hand,

competence involves the need of an individual to gain mastery of different kinds of tasks

and learn wide range of skills. In relation with this, researchers found that when a person

feels they have the skills necessary for success, they become more likely to take initiative to

do things that would help them achieve their goals. Lastly, the need for relatedness set its

attention on the crucial role of experiencing a sense of belonging and attachment to other

people (Susman David, PhD & Cherry Kendra, MSEd, 2022).

Moreover, it was also discovered that it is necessary for adolescents to separate

themselves from adults for them to individuate. In relation to this, in order to have the

ability to properly separate themselves from adults, adolescents need to have their support

for them to successfully attain the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and

relatedness) which would result in them having a well-developed set of characteristics that

are necessary to victoriously pass into adulthood (La Guardia Jennifer & Ryan Richard M,

2022).

Additionally, research links heightened self-determination to positive adult outcomes

and better quality of life for youth with disabilities (Lewis Sandra & Bennett Kitty Greeley,

2014). In other words, being self-determined does affect the life choices of an individual in a

positive manner and poor self-determination has a high tendency of resulting to having

problematic behavior which is linked to unpleasant career outcomes.

In relation to this, the issues with the decision and behavior management of the

adolescents also have something to do with the degree of their tendency to experience

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impulsiveness. Cognitive impulsivity or commonly referred to as impulsivity or impulsiveness

is the tendency of an individual to perform actions without prior rationalization (Begum

Jabeen, MD, et al., 2023). In relation to this it was found that there are several reasons why

cognitive impulsivity seems to be more stable than some people compared to the others.

Research indicates that there are several factors that affect cognitive impulsivity.

Genetics, as what researchers have discovered regarding the state of impulsivity, it was

found that there is a higher tendency for an individual to experience issues with

impulsiveness if that person is included in a family that has a case of mental condition

especially those that are related to being impulsive. Biology, it was also found that there are

cases in which unusual brain or hormonal patterns might possibly increase the likelihood of

having heightened impulsiveness. In relation to this, researchers were also able to find out

that the maturity of the prefrontal cortex is also a common explanation for the degree of

impulsivity. Based on their studies, the crucial part for the development of the prefrontal

cortex is during adolescence and young adulthood which is the reason why individuals

included in this developmental period seems to be highly prone to impulsivity in comparison

to those people from the earlier and older spectrum. Social and environmental conditions,

researchers also discovered that these aforementioned variables could potentially affect the

risk factors of having a high cognitive impulsivity. To specify further, being consistently

exposed in an environment with constant financial issues, violence and neglect could lead to

impulsivity dysfunction. Lastly, sex is also considered to a risk factor of having issues with

impulsiveness, it was stated by some researchers that males are more likely to manifest

impulsiveness-related disorders Begum Jabeen, MD, et al., 2023).

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In conclusion, both self-determination and cognitive impulsivity are related to the

decision patterns of an adolescent. However, the researchers are still unaware whether

there is an association between these psychological constructs.

Objectives of the Study

This research aims to determine the correlation between how much an adolescent

believes they are in control of their choices and actions which relates to their attitudes when

it comes to setting their own goals and how likely they are to experience impulsivity with

regards to their decision patterns. Through the data that has been collected from the

research participants, the researchers would obtain the information necessary to

understand the correlation between the two aforementioned variables. The research aims

to determine the following:

1. To determine the level of self-determination of the adolescents.

2. To determine the level of cognitive impulsivity of the adolescents.

3. To determine the correlation between self-determination and cognitive impulsivity

of the adolescents.

4. To determine the relationship between self-determination and decision patterns of

the adolescents.

5. To determine and the relationship between cognitive impulsivity and decision

patterns of the adolescents.

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6. To determine the correlation between the self-determination and the cognitive

impulsivity with regards to the decision patterns of the adolescents.

Statement of the Problem

The researchers centered their study on the correlation between the self-determination

and the cognitive impulsivity with regards to the decision patterns of the adolescents in

Dasmariñas, Cavite.

1. What is the level of self-determination of the adolescents?

2. What is the level of cognitive impulsivity of the adolescents?

3. What type of correlation exists between self-determination and cognitive impulsivity

of the adolescents?

4. What is the connection between the level of self-determination and the decision

patterns of the adolescents.

5. What is the connection between the level of cognitive impulsivity and the decision

patterns of the adolescents.

6. What type of correlation exists between self-determination and cognitive impulsivity

with regards to the decision patterns of the adolescents?

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Theoretical Framework

The study examined the correlation between the self-determination and cognitive

impulsivity with regards to the decision pattern of adolescents. The theoretical

underpinning of this study is from the Self-Determination Theory which was constructed by

psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan in the year 1985. The two first introduced their

ideas in their book entitled “Self-determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human

Behavior”. In relation to this, Deci and Ryan argued that individuals tend to be driven by

their need to grow and gain fulfillment in their own career (Cherry Kendra, MSEd & Susman

David, PhD, 2022). Furthermore, Self-Determination Theory proposes that all human beings

have three basic psychological needs; these are the need for competence, autonomy and

relatedness. The satisfaction of which are essential factors for sustainable development of

an individual wellbeing (Duda, J. L., & Appleton, P. R. 2016). In addition to this, the

aforementioned theory also states that there are intrinsic and extrinsic types of motivation

in which the former focuses on the drive that comes from within, it is not influenced by any

external factors while the latter is inclined to the drive that is dependent on the outside

forces (Ackerman Courtney R., 2018).

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Furthermore, Self-Determination Theory specified further that in order to attain

motivation, an individual needs to fulfill the previously mentioned variables. The need for

autonomy which involves the feeling of an individual which involves the idea that they have

own control of their choices and can willingly express themselves. The need for competence

which covers the idea of having enough capabilities to effectively execute an action. Lastly,

the need for relatedness which focuses on the significance of feeling connected with other

people. In conclusion, the aforementioned theory claims that in order to feel self-

determined there needs to be the presence of motivation which could only be attain

through the a process in which an individual has to achieve competence which would result

to having a sense of autonomy which would cause the feeling of being related to a certain

group in which they truly belong (Williams Edith M, M.S, PhD., et al, 2024).

Moreover, the assumption behind the cognitive impulsivity stems from the idea that

impulsiveness is consist of three (3) major factors; these are the attention (attention and

cognitive ability), motor (motor and perseverance) and non-planning (self-control and

complexity) (Brooks, Samantha J. & Stein, Dan J, 2017). In addition to this, it was proposed

that cognitive impulsivity may not be a unitary construct, instead it is multi-dimensional in

nature (Kasey G. Creswell, et al. 2019). Furthermore, it may have similarities with rudeness

or lack of discipline, but cognitive impulsivity is more than just that. Research indicates that

it is a behavioral pattern that starts from the brain. The effects of it varies depending on the

amount present in an individual. Minimal amount of impulsiveness is normal, however, a

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heightened degree of it could potentially lead to issues with overall wellbeing (Deanna &

MD. Begum Jabeen, et al. 2023).

Additionally, research found that the impulsivity could be described in several different

manner. It was stated that there are four factors involved with impulsivity; the lack of

premeditation which focuses on the tendency to act before considering the potential

consequences, sensation seeking which involves searching out new and exciting experiences

with the added element of risk, lack of perseverance which leads to higher probability of

quitting from an activity, and the urgency which is focused on the act of taking negative

actions during an emotional outburst (Rudy Lisa Jo & MacIntyre Michael, 2023).

In summary, studies provide enough evidence to prove that both self-determination and

cognitive impulsivity have something to do with the decision patterns of an individual.

However, the correlation between the two is still yet to be determined.

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Conceptual Framework

The study involves two (2) dependent variables. It focuses on determining the

correlation between the self-determination and cognitive impulsivity of adolescents as well

as the connection between these variables on their decision pattern.

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The adolescents from Dasmariñas, Cavite were randomly selected using simple random

sampling method. The researchers have decided to gather thirty (30) individuals that would

serve as their research participants in which they would undergo two individual tests in an

attempt to measure both their self-determination and cognitive impulsivity and determine

the correlation between the state of these variables and the decision pattern of an

adolescent.

Adolescents will take part in the study which involves the process of measuring two

psychological constructs. Self-Determination which refers to the ability of an individual to

feel in control of their choices and set goals in order to develop oneself which would be

measured through a Self-Determination Scale. Furthermore, the Cognitive Impulsivity of the

adolescents which focus their tendency to act without prior rationalization about the

potential consequences of their actions would be measured through the use of Barrat

Impulsiveness Scale Revised (BIS-R-21).

Correlational Research Design and questionnaires would serve as our medium for data

gathering process. Due to the nature of Correlational Research Design, the researchers had

chosen two (2) independent variables which are Self-Determination and Cognitive

Impulsivity as the main focus of the study. In addition to that, the researchers would also

determine whether these two (2) constructs have anything to do with the decision patterns

of the adolescents.

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In summary, the data regarding the state of both psychological constructs on each

participant would be compared and correlated with each other in order to determine the

correlation between the Self-Determination and Cognitive Impulsivity with regards to the

Decision Patterns of the Adolescents in Dasmariñas, Cavite.

Scopes and Delimitations

The study was conducted in Dasmariñas, Cavite. The timeframe of the research covered

events from January 29, 2024, until February 8, 2024. Furthermore, the study only covered

and is limited to the Adolescents from year 2023-2024. The researchers decided to

implement the Correlational Research Design in order to accomplish the tasks required for

the research. They also executed Simple Random Sampling technique to properly select the

desired respondents. Moreover, after the process of selecting the participants, the

researchers proceeded to assigning the task of answering the questionnaires on each

participant which was also recorded by the researchers themselves. In relation to this, after

the process of data gathering had been implemented successfully, the researchers

proceeded to the interpretation of the information and the discussion of the results with

respect to the correlation between the Self-Determination and Cognitive Impulsivity of the

Adolescents in Dasmariñas, Cavite.

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Significance of the Study

The study will be conducted with the purpose of determining the Correlation between

the Self-Determination and Cognitive Impulsivity with regards to the Decision Pattern of the

Adolescents in Dasmariñas, Cavite. Self-Determination refers to the set of skills, knowledge,

and beliefs that provide an individual the ability to engage in goal-oriented, self-regulated,

autonomous behavior consists of self-awareness, self-advocacy, choice making, self-

management, decision making, self-efficacy, and goal setting and attainment (Lewis Sandra,

Bennett Kitty Greeley, 2014). Moreover, Cognitive Impulsivity is the term used to describe

the tendency of an individual to make irrational decisions, perform impulsive actions, and

have issues with attention (Brooks, Samantha J. & Stein, Dan J, 2017). In relation to this,

both variables are proven to be significant with the decision-making process of an individual

which proves the significance of this study in terms of providing knowledge regarding the

importance of these factors in understanding decision patterns.

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The major beneficiaries of the study are the various sector as follows:

Adolescents. They would benefit from the study the greatest since it was found that during

the period of adolescence the prefrontal cortex of the brain is in the most crucial process of

maturation which is why they have the highest tendency of experiencing issues related to

their degree of cognitive impulsivity (Thomas Scot, MD., et al, 2015). In relation to this,

adolescents would also gain something from this study in terms of their Self-Determination

since it was proven to be necessary for an adolescent to become self-determined which can

only by satisfying autonomy, competence and relatedness needs (Ryan & Deci). Moreover,

this research would be beneficial for adolescents since it would provide them information

regarding its significance on their personal development as well as the process of

developing the said psychological construct. Furthermore, this study could also help them

understand the role of cognitive impulsivity in terms of the risk factors of substance abuse

and low-level social skills in adolescents (Thornton Stephanie, et al, 2017).

High School Students. The research would become beneficial for the students since

research studies found that impulsiveness that is manifested on the behavior can affect the

High School students in several ways. It was further specified that impulsiveness could lead

to risky behaviors and academic performance issues (Thornton Stephanie, et al, 2017). In

relation to this, the researchers concluded that the High School students would gain benefit

from this study since it would provide them better understanding of how important being

self-determined is when it comes to their academic progress. Additionally, research

indicated that students with higher levels of self-determination had significantly better

grades (Graham Michael & Vaughan Angela, 2022). In accordance with this, the researchers

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assume that this study would provide the students information about how significant being

self-determined is when it comes to academic performance and how they could develop it

in their developmental period.

Parents. It was revealed that adolescents must remove themselves from adults in order to

develop as individuals. In relation to this, in order to have the ability to properly separate

themselves from adults, adolescents need to have their support for them to successfully

attain the basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) which would

result in them having a well-developed set of characteristics that are necessary to

victoriously pass into adulthood (La Guardia Jennifer & Ryan Richard M, 2022). In regard to

this, the researchers claim that this study could provide the parents with better

understanding of how their support is crucial to the development of the own identity of

their children during the adolescence period. Furthermore, research indicates that higher

levels of impulsivity in children are due to dysfunctional family (Ryan Stacy R, et al, 2015). In

relation to this, the researchers further assume that this study would be beneficial to

parents in terms of the idea of having a more defined consideration of maintaining a more

child-friendly environment in order to provide better support for the development of their

children throughout the adolescence period.

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Definition of Terms

This will provide a better understanding of the frequently mentioned terms in this study;

the following terms are defined operationally.

Autonomy. This refers to self-government and responsible control over an individual affair.

Inductively, autonomy defines an individual's ability to make educated and uncoerced

judgments. In this regard, autonomy defines how much control an individual has over their

alternatives and choices, as well as how well their wants are met.

Cognitive Impulsivity. Cognitive Impulsivity refers to the tendency of an individual to

undertake acts exclusively based on impulses without rational thought or consideration of

the potential repercussions.

Competence. In this study, competence refers to mastery and effectiveness in one's work. It

is also described as "the ability of an individual to participate in legal proceedings". Legal

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competency is presumed; disproving an individual's ability involves a hearing and the

presentation of evidence.

Individuate. It refers to the act of forming an own distinct entity in order to become

independent of any inhibition with regards to oneself.

Relatedness. It is the term used to describe the need for belongingness of an individual.

Self-Determination. In this research, self-determination is defined as the free choice of an

individual to perform own actions without external coercion, and it encompasses people

choosing and defining their own objectives, participating in life decisions, self-advocating,

and striving to achieve their goals.

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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter addresses studies that are pertinent to the subject and significant ideas

that the researcher has culled from other texts that has been found to be useful in

conceptualizing the present research. These research projects and literature evaluations will

provide assistance with the comprehension of the Correlation between the Self-

Determination and Cognitive Impulsivity with regards to the Decision Patterns of the

Adolescents in Dasmariñas, Cavite.

Foreign Literature

Adolescents tend to experience various issues with their development during the

adolescence period. Developmental changes that involve both their physiological and

psychological state. Several of these challenges are related to their self-determination which

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refers to the ability of an individual to feel that they are in control of their choices which

leads them to have the initiative to set their own goals and develop themselves to become

competent enough to attain them (Cherry Kendra, MSEd & Susman David, PhD, 2022).

Moreover, in a study it was found that two key skills in self-determination is the ability to

solve problems and set goals. Educational research regarding successful adolescents

indicates that the earlier a teenager learns about the significance of self-determination-

related skills during their earlier until adolescence period (Panther Beth P. & Dr Mitchell

Vickie J, 2017). Additionally, the same study states that teenagers with poor self-

determination-related skills often find it difficult to make choices and become consistent

with their decisions. In relation to this, previous studies based on the Self-Determination

Theory have shown that the communication style of the parents is directly related to the

responses of the adolescents to their regulatory behaviors with an autonomy-supportive

style being associated with more constructive responses than a controlling style (Soenens

Van Petegem, et al., 2014). In other words, the method of how parents handle their children

is found to be capable of affecting their self-determination in which the more supportive

their style is the better its effect on their offspring while the more controlling type was

proven to induce negative outcomes.

Furthermore, further research indicated that the self-determination of an adolescent is

influenced by a wide range of factors. These includes physical activity and its numerous

health benefits in children and adolescents (Owen, et al, 2014). In relation to this Self-

Determination theory also a prolonged health promoting practice such as physical activity is

positively associated with autonomous types of motivation (Teixeira Pedro J, et al, 2022).

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In addition to this, researchers also indicated that aside from the challenges with the

development of their self-determination, adolescents are also discovered to be at a higher

risk of experiencing cognitive impulsivity (e.g.,Ragan et al., 2022). Researchers further

explained that among the potential negative effects of high degree of impulsivity are

delinquency (e.g.,Ragan et al., 2022), aggression (e.g., Cao & An, 2020) and substance abuse

(e.g, Vanderveen et al, 2023).

Furthermore, a study showed higher risk of having high degree of impulsivity among male

teens due the ongoing development of their brain. They found that in the adolescent brain,

both the frontal and prefrontal cortexes are not accessible with the same rate of speed as

the adult brain, it explains the reason why they tend to act more impulsive since the frontal

and prefrontal cortex covers important functions such as judgment and decision-making

(Camie Bianco, et al). Moreover, research regarding the connection between motor

performance, motor performance and impulsiveness has indicated that cognitive processes

are directly related to motor processes and both of them seem to affect the cognitive

optimization positively that is required throughout the developmental stages (Prat Queralt,

et al, 2019). Additionally, research also suggests that impulsiveness and risky decision-

making peaks in adolescence (due to the state of their brain) and is consistently associated

with the neurodevelopmental disorder called Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD), regardless of the age (Dekkers Tycho J, et al, 2022). In relation to this, a study

indicated that mood-based impulsivity is related to the initiation of self-harm, while

cognitive facets of impulsivity are linked to the engagement of self-harm. On the other

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hand, cognitive facts of impulsivity are all connected to the maintenance of self-harm.

Lastly, behavioral impulsivity is considered to be the most relevant to self-harm under

negative conditions (Joanna Lockwood, et al, 2016).

Local Literature

The local culture of the Filipinos also considers the importance of studying the issues

individuals go through during the adolescence period. The researchers discovered that there

are two psychological variable that are crucial during the adolescence period and should be

developed effectively. These variables are called self-determination and cognitive

impulsivity. A study from Negros Occidental, Bacolod City, Philippines indicated that social

support from their family, friends, and significant others is undoubtedly significant since it

was found that supportive environment has positive effects with the growth of an

individuals. The researchers were able to confirm that adolescents need to be motivated by

satisfying the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in order to avoid the

tendency of being a high school dropout (Emelyn Ramos & Magallanes Celo I., 2021).

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Furthermore, local researchers also studied the cognitive impulsivity that contributes to the

abrupt behavior and lack of consideration of the possible consequences of the adolescents

(Cassels & Wilkinson, 2016). In addition to this, it they also found that there is indeed a

correlation between the borderline personality trait scores and the scores in cognitive

impulsivity which indicates that the tendency of having borderline personality disorder is

also related to the degree of impulsivity (Masana Louziela, et al, 2020).

Synthesis

The research topic is focused on the determining the correlation between self-

determination and cognitive impulsivity with regards to the decision patterns of

adolescents. The variables on their own have been studied several times already in which

researchers were able to identify their operational definition and their functions. However,

the researchers discovered that these variables have not been put together, all by

themselves, in a single study even once, made the task to find related literatures with this

study unusually difficult.

The researchers found that there was a study in Gyeongsan National University in Korea

that conducted a study which involves self-determination, depression, and self-esteem of

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the adolescent college students. Their study was focused on the relationship of the three

variables mentioned earlier and the other construct commonly referred to as impulsivity.

The university claimed that their study indicated that their self-determination is affected by

their overdependence with their smartphones to which they are no longer capable of taking

initiative to achieve and set goals on their own accord. The said study also claimed that

males are overly dependent with their smartphones due to the presence of the three (3)

variables (perception, impulsivity, and depression), while in the case of females it was

caused by on two (2) constructs (perception and impulsivity).

In continuation, researchers also studied the relationship of metacognition, self-

determination, impulsivity, and emotional intelligence of young adults. It was revealed that

although there was no significant relationship between metacognition and impulsivity, it

was discovered that there was indeed a correlation between self-determination, impulsivity,

and emotional intelligence and between these variables there is an assurance of healthy

psychological well-being and habits.

Furthermore, researchers from Negros Occidental, Bacolod City, Philippines indicated

that factors such as social support, family, friends, and significant others are significant to

the growth of individuals. They also confirmed that cognitive impulsivity contributes to the

abruption in the behavior and lack of consideration of the adolescents (Emelyn Ramos &

Magallanes Celo I., 2021).

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