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American Water Works Association

ANSI/AWWA C208-96
(Revision of C208-83[R89])
AWWA STANDARD
FOR
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED
STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
Effective date: Mar. 1, 1997.
First edition approved by Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959.
This edition approved June 23, 1996.
Approved by American National Standards Institute Nov. 29, 1996.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235
Copyright (C) 1998 American Water Works Association, All Rights Reserved.
AWWA Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification.
AWWA standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and
administrative information normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain
options that must be evaluated by the user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified
by the user, the product or service is not fully defined. AWWA publication of a standard does not
constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA test, certify, or approve any
product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are intended to represent a
consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory service.
When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an official notice of action will be placed on the
first page of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the
first day of the month following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.
American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope
and provisions. An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the
consumer, and the general public. The existence of an American National Standard does not in any
respect preclude anyone, whether that person has approved the standard or not, from manufacturing,
marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standard.
American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users are cautioned to obtain the
latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National Standard are
encouraged to state on their own responsibility in advertising and promotional materials or on tags
or labels that the goods are produced in conformity with particular American National Standards.
CAUTION NOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front
cover of this standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National
Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken
to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of publication.
Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by
calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036;
(212) 642-4900.
Copyright © 1997 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
ii
Committee Personnel
The Steel Water Pipe Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC)

Task Group on Fittings for Steel Pipe, which developed this revision, had the following
personnel at the time:
James R. Davenport, Chair

Clifford J. Anderson Marvin Mintz
Kenneth Caldwell Ram N. Satyarthi
Robert J. Card Kirby L. Shaddixi
Delbert H. Eaton John C. Taylor
Samuel W. Eskew Donald R. Wagner
Clifford R. McCormick
The Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which developed this standard, had
the following personnel at the time of approval:
George J. Tupac, Chair

John H. Bambei Jr., Vice-Chair
Dennis Dechant, Secretary
Consumer Members
G.A. Andersen, NYC Bureau of Water Supply, Corona, N.Y. (AWWA)

Ergun Bakall, San Diego County Water Authority, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water Department, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
J.L. Doane, Portland Water Bureau, Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR)
W.M. Kremkau, Washington Suburban Sanitation Commission,
Laurel, Md. (AWWA)
T.A. Larson, Tacoma Water Division, Tacoma, Wash. (AWWA)
R.T. Menlove, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power,
Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
G.M. Snyder, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
Los Angeles, Calif. (AWWA)
M.L. Young, East Bay Municipal Utility District, Stockton, Calif. (AWWA)
General Interest Members
G.E. Block Jr., Rizzo Associates Inc., Natick, Mass. (NEWWA)

W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, Ill. (AWWA)
B.R. Bullert,* Council Liaison, City of St. Paul Water Utility,
St. Paul, Minn. (AWWA)
*Liaison, nonvoting
iii
R.L. Coffey, R.W. Beck and Associates, Seattle, Wash. (AWWA)
B.R. Elms,* Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
L.J. Farr, CH2M Hill Inc., Redding, Calif. (AWWA)
S.N. Foellmi,† Black & Veatch Engineers, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
J.W. Green, Alvord Burdick & Howson, Chicago, Ill. (AWWA)
K.D. Henrichsen, HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
G.K. Hickox, Engineering Consultant, Houston, Texas (AWS)
M.B. Horsley, Black & Veatch Engineers, Kansas City, Mo. (AWWA)
J.K. Jeyapalan, American Ventures Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
R.Y. Konyalian, Engineering Consultant, Irvine, Calif. (AWWA)
Earl Smock,† J.M. Montgomery Construction Engineers,
Walnut Creek, Calif. (AWWA)
R.V. Stokes, J.M. Montgomery Engineers, San Diego, Calif. (AWWA)
H.R. Stoner, Henry R. Stoner Associates Inc., North Plainfield, N.J. (AWWA)
Chris Sundberg,† CH2M Hill Inc., Bellevue, Wash. (AWWA)
G.J. Tupac, G.J. Tupac & Associates, Pittsburgh, Pa. (AWWA)
L.W. Warren, KCM Inc., Seattle, Wash. (AWWA)
W.R. Whidden, Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Winter Park, Fla. (AWWA)
R.E. Young, Robert E. Young Engineers, Sacramento, Calif. (AWWA)
Producer Members
H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Pipe Products Group, Rancho

Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
T.R. Brown, Smith-Blair Inc., Uniontown, Pa. (AWWA)
J.H. Burton, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif. (SPFA)
R.J. Card, Thompson Pipe & Steel Company, Englewood, Colo. (AWWA)
J.R. Davenport, California Steel Pressure Pipe, Riverside, Calif. (AWWA)
Dennis Dechant, Northwest Pipe & Casing Co., Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
G.M. Harris, Harris Corrosion Specialists, Longboat Key, Fla. (AWWA)
J.R. Pegues, American Cast Iron Pipe Co., Birmingham, Ala. (MSS)
Bruce Vanderploeg,† Northwest Pipe & Casing Co., Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus Industries Inc., Burnaby, B.C. (AWWA)
*Liaison, nonvoting
†Alternate
iv
Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be
found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4 Requirements
4.1 Fittings ................................................ 3
I Introduction........................................ vi
I.A Background ........................................ vi
5 Verification ....................................... 7
I.B History ................................................ vi
I.C Acceptance ......................................... vii 6 Delivery ............................................. 7
II Special Issues .................................... vii
III Use of This Standard ....................... vii Figures
III.A Purchaser Options 1 Recommended Dimensions for
and Alternatives ............................. vii Water Pipe Fittings
III.B Modification to Standard ................. vii (Except Elbows) ............................... 9
IV Major Revisions ................................ vii 2 Recommended Dimensions for
V Comments ....................................... viii Water Pipe Elbows......................... 10
3 Tangent-Type Outlet ........................ 13
Standard
4 Lateral Less Than 30° ..................... 13
1 General 5 Computation Method and
Formulas for Compound Elbows .. 14
1.1 Scope .................................................... 1 6 Reducing Elbow Formulas ............... 19
1.2 Purpose ................................................ 2
1.3 Application .......................................... 2 Table
2 References ......................................... 2 1 Dimensions of Steel Water

Pipe Fittings..................................... 8
3 Definitions ........................................ 2
v
Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of AWWA C208.
I. Introduction
I.A. Background. Steel pipe has been used for waterlines in the United States
since the 1850s. With the development of the Bessemer process in 1855 and the
open hearth process in 1861, steel, the strongest and most versatile refinement of
iron, became available for water pipe.
Available records disclose installations of steel water pipe as early as 1858. The
pipe was first manufactured by rolling steel sheets or plates into shape and riveting
the seams. This method of fabrication continued with improvements into the 1930s.
In 1905, lock-bar pipe was introduced and, by 1930, had nearly supplanted riveted
pipe. By the early 1930s, both riveted and lock-bar methods were gradually phased out
and welding dominated the pipe-making process. As welding became more universal
in pipeline construction and manufacturing, varying steel shapes able to accommodate
pipeline hydraulics and locations became more prevalent. Over the years, rigid
specifications have been developed and new product developments and improvements in
manufacturing techniques and processes have been established to ensure the pur-
chaser a product of high standards.
I.B. History. This standard was first proposed in 1955 to provide standard
dimensions for steel water pipe fittings. It was approved as a “tentative” standard
on July 14, 1955. Revisions in the text were approved on Dec. 31, 1957, and were
incorporated in the fourth and later printings. The revisions consisted of the addition of
an explanatory paragraph, changes in the table for fittings for service in transmis-
sion and distribution mains, and clarification of the figures detailing the various
fittings. The standard was approved without further revision on Jan. 26, 1959.
Revisions to the text were approved on June 21, 1983, and incorporated in the
sixth and later printings. These revisions include the following:
1. Addition of a foreword to provide the history of a standard and major revisions.
2. Revision of Table 1, deleting 4-in. pipe size and extending pipe sizes to 144 in.
3. Revision of Table 2.
4. Expansion of Figure 3 to include sizes to 144 in.
5. Deletion of Table 4.
6. Deletion of alternate Table 3.
7. Deletion of Table 5.
8. Addition of reducing tees and deletion of smooth 90° elbow category from
Figure 1 and Table 1.
The information in Table 1 was changed from a tabular format to a formula
format in order to ascertain dimensions for tees, crosses, wyes, laterals, and reducers. A
factor f was introduced in the new Table 1 to facilitate the use of formulas for com-
puting fitting dimensions and furnished formulas for elbow layout to facilitate the
design of elbows not tabulated.
Addendum C208-84 was approved on June 4, 1984. The addendum added a
note of caution to Tables 2A though 2D concerning hoop tension concentration in
elbows with a radius of less than 2.5D. ANSI/AWWA C208-83, including C208-84,
was reaffirmed without revision on June 18, 1989. ANSI/AWWA C208-96 was ap-
proved by the Board of Directors on June 23, 1996.
vi
I.C. Acceptance. This standard has no applicable information for this section.
II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this section.
III. Use of This Standard. AWWA has no responsibility for the suitability or
compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any

user. Accordingly, each user of this standard is responsible for determining that the
standard’s provisions are suitable for and compatible with that user’s intended
application.
III.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be covered
in the purchaser’s specifications:
1. Standard used—that is, ANSI/AWWA C208, Standard for Dimensions for
Fabricated Steel Water Pipe Fittings, of latest revision.
2. Type of fitting required (i.e., elbow, tee, reducer, wye, lateral, etc.).
3. Radius of elbows (i.e., 1D, 1.5D, 2.5D, or other).
4. Number of pieces or segments for elbows.
5. Design pressure and specifications for pipe to which the steel fitting will
connect (i.e., ANSI/AWWA C200, AWWA M11).
6. Type of end connection required (i.e., plain, beveled end for field butt welding,
bell or spigot for field lap welding, bell or spigot O-ring, and flanged or mechanical
coupling).
7. Submittal of shop detail and assembly drawings.
8. Special handling, inspection, or testing requirements.
9. Lining and coating required.
III.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification to the provisions, definitions,
or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchaser’s specifications.
IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to this standard in this edition
include the following:

1. The format has been changed to AWWA standard style.
2. The definitions of parties (Sec. 3) have been revised to approved wording.
3. Sec. 1.1.1, Conditions Not Covered (previously Sec. 1.2), has been revised
to clarify that this standard is a dimensional guide only and that all design of fittings
should be made in accordance with the applicable sections of AWWA Manual M11.
4. Sec. 4.1.2 has been added and includes all symbols used in tables and
formulas within the standard.
5. Sec. 4.1.3, Tees and Crosses (previously Sec. 2.2), has been revised to include
a formula for calculating dimensions for any pipe outside diameter.
6. Sec. 4.1.4, Reducing Tees and Reducing Crosses (previously Sec. 2.3), has
been revised to include reducing crosses.
7. Sec. 4.1.5, Laterals (previously Sec. 2.4), has been separated into Sec. 4.1.5
for Case I (equal diameters) and Sec. 4.1.6 for Case II (unequal diameters) with new
symbols Gr and Go and new formulas added.
8. Sec. 4.1.7, Wyes (previously Sec. 2.5), now includes dimensions for 90°
wyes, which are given in Table 1, and formulas to calculate other diameters and
degrees.
9. Sec. 4.1.9, Tangential Outlets (previously Sec. 2.8), has been revised and
Table 3 has been replaced with a formula and a caution about keeping dimension L
short to avoid damage in handling and shipping.
10. Sec. 4.1.10, Miter End Cuts, has been added.
11. Sec. 4.1.11, Elbows (previously Sec. 2.7), has been changed; dimensional
tables have been deleted and formulas have been added for calculating dimensions
vii
for any diameter. Current philosophy for fabricating elbows into pipe lengths instead
of individual short pieces is also discussed.
12. Figure 2 has been added to present recommended dimensions for water
pipe elbows, including two-piece elbows (0° to 22.5°), three-piece elbows (more than
22.5° to 45°), four-piece elbows (more than 45° to 67.5°), and five-piece elbows (more
than 67.5° to 90°).
V. Comments. If you have any comments or questions about this standard,
please call the AWWA Standards and Materials Development Department,

(303) 794-7711 ext. 6283, FAX (303) 795-1440, or write to the department at 6666
W. Quincy Ave., Denver, Colorado 80235.
viii
American Water Works Association
ANSI/AWWA C208-96
(Revision of C208-83[R89])
AWWA STANDARD FOR
DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED

STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS
SECTION 1: GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard provides overall dimensions for fabricating steel water pipe fittings
*
for sizes 6 in. through 144 in. (150 mm through 3,600 mm) for water transmission
and distribution facilities.
Many configurations of fittings are possible and alternatives to this standard
may be agreed upon between the purchaser and manufacturer. The fitting dimen-
sions shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 and in Table 1 are the minimum dimensions
for fittings with plain ends. In practice, fittings are seldom furnished as individual
pieces as shown, but are shop fabricated into full or special lengths of pipe or fabri-
cated into assemblies, combining a number of fittings.
1.1.1 Conditions not covered in this standard. This standard is intended to

serve as a dimensional guide only. It is not intended to be a standard for wall thickness,
pressure ratings, and structural or hydraulic design. Reinforcement of fittings,
which may include increased wall thickness, collars, wrapper plates, or crotch
plates, is not covered in this standard. The design of fittings should be made in
accordance with the applicable section in AWWA Manual M11, Steel Pipe—A Guide
for Design and Installation.
*Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units
and are not those specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.
2 AWWA C208-96
Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide the minimum requirements for the
dimensions of fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard or sections of this standard can be referenced in specifications
for dimensions for fabricated steel water pipe fittings. The stipulations of this standard
apply when this document has been referenced and then only to dimensions for
fabricated steel water pipe fittings.
SECTION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions,
these documents form a part of this standard to the extent specified within this
standard. In any case of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
*
ANSI B16.9—Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Fittings.
ANSI/AWWA C200—Standard for Steel Water Pipe—6 In. (150 mm) and Larger.
†
ASME Sec. VIII D1—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.
ASME Sec. IX Pt A—Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.
‡
ASTM A53—Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped,
Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A234—Standard Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon
Steel and Alloy Steel for Moderate and Elevated Temperatures.
AWWA Manual M11—Steel Water Pipe—A Guide for Design and Installation
(1989).
§
AWS D1.1—Structural Welding Code Steel.
SECTION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces materi-
als or products.
2. Nominal diameter: The commercial designation or dimension by which
pipe is designated for simplicity.
3. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any materi-
als or work to be performed.
*American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.
†American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017.
‡American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959.
§American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33135.
FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE 3
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Fittings
4.1.1 General. All dimensions for fittings in Table 1 of this standard are based
on the nominal diameter being the actual outside diameter (OD) of the pipe. Actual
outside diameters may be larger than the nominal pipe diameter. If the outside
diameter of the pipe is larger than the nominal diameter, the dimensions can be
calculated from the appropriate formulas.

Tangent dimensions provided in Table 1 or calculated by the formulas are
minimum dimensions for fittings with plain ends or beveled ends for field welding.
Additional length may be necessary for other types of joint connections such as
mechanical couplings, bells, spigots, flanges, etc., or to maintain adequate distance
from the reinforcement saddle to the pipe end.
4.1.2 Symbols. Symbols used in formulas and dimensions in this standard are
as follows:
a = Additional length as required to meet joint requirements or for locating
the point of intersection (PI) of the elbow at the desired spot
(Figures 2 C, 2D , 2E , and 2F).
A = Length of tee or cross from centerline to end (Figures 1A , 1B , and 1C ).
B = Length of reducing tee from centerline to end (Figure 1C ).
C = Centerline length from point of intersection of wye to the segmental
weld at wye branch (Figure 1E ).
D = Outside diameter of steel cylinder.

Do = Outside diameter of steel cylinder of a branch outlet of a reducing tee or
lateral of unequal diameter.
D1 and D2 = Outside diameter of steel cone at ends of reducer as shown in
Figure 1 F.
Dr = Outside diameter of reinforcing collar.
E = One half of elbow segment length on centerline equals centerline length
from miter weld to tangent line (Figure 2).
F = Centerline length from the point of intersection of wye to the end of the
pipe (Figure 1 E and Table 1).
f = Formula factor (Table 1).
fr = Formula factor (Table 1) corresponding to D of a tee or lateral.
fo = Formula factor (Table 1) corresponding to D o of a tee or lateral.
G = Centerline length from the point of intersection of wye to crotch intersection
along the branch leg of wye (Figure 1E and Table 1).
Go = Centerline length of leg in lateral from point of intersection of lateral to

end of leg (Figure 1 D).
Gr = Centerline length of run in lateral from point of intersection of lateral to
end of run (Figure 1 D ).
HL = Overall length of run in a lateral (Figure 1D ).
Hy = Overall length of branch leg of wye from the point of intersection to end
(Figure 1 E and Table 1).
L = Centerline distance from the point of intersection of the elbow to the
miter weld on the inside of the elbow segment as shown in Figure 2.
L1 = Centerline distance from the point of intersection of the elbow to the end
of the pipe (Figure 2).
Lr = Length of a reducer of diameters D1 and D2 .
4 AWWA C208-96
Lt = Length of tangential type outlet, centerline to end of pipe (Figure 3).

M = Length of outlet from centerline of run to intersection of reinforcing
collar and top of outlet (Figure 3).
R = Radius to centerline of elbow (Figure 2).
S = Length of inside segment of fabricated elbow (Figure 2).
t = Thickness of pipe or fitting wall.
t1 = Thickness of outlet or nozzle (Figure 3).
T = Elbow length from point of intersection to tangent line (Figure 2).
TR = Thickness of reinforcement collar (Figure 3).
Z1 = Distance from the end of the pipe to crotch intersection on wye as shown
in Figure 1E .
Z2 = Distance from end of pipe to miter weld on the inside of the elbow seg-
ment as shown in Figures 2C , 2D , and 2E .
Z3 = Length of a tangent-type outlet, from the intersection at the top of the
outlet and reinforcing collar to the end of the outlet.
α = Angle developed between vertical centerline of pipe run and intersection

of outside diameter of reinforcing collar and top of outlet (Figure 3).
θ = Angle of the fitting being designed, as defined in Figures 1 or 2.
∆ = Total elbow deflection angle as shown in Figure 2.

4.1.3 Tees and crosses. Minimum dimensions for tees and crosses are given in
Table 1. (Refer to Figures 1A and 1B .) Dimension A can be calculated using the fol-
lowing formula:
A = 0.5D +f
4.1.4 Reducing tees and reducing crosses. Minimum dimensions for reducing
tees and reducing crosses are given in Table 1. (Refer to Figure 1C .) Dimensions A
and B can be calculated using the following formulas:
A = 0.5D + fo
B = 0.5Do + fr
4.1.5 Laterals, Case 1 (equal diameters). Minimum dimensions for laterals of

equal diameters and suitable for angle θ of 30° to 70° are given in Table 1. (Refer to
Figure 1D, Case 1 [equal diameters]). For an angle θ greater than 70°, use the dimen-
sion given for tees. (Refer to Figure 1 A.) For an angle θ less than 30°, use 30° lateral
wye plus an elbow. (Refer to Figure 4.)
Dimensions G r, G o, and H L can be calculated for other outside diameters and a
specific angle between run and outlet using the following formulas:
* D
Go = + 2fo
2 tan (θ⁄ 229
D
Gr = + 2fr
2 tan (θ⁄ 229
* D
HL = + 3f
sin θ
*
Round up to whole number.
FABRICATED STEEL WATER PIPE 5
4.1.6 Laterals, Case II (unequal diameters). Minimum dimensions for laterals

of unequal diameters and suitable for angle θ of 30° to 70° are given in Table 1.
(Refer to Figure 1D , Case II [unequal diameters]). For angles greater than 70°, use
the dimension given for tees. (Refer to Figure 1C .) For angle θ less than 30°, use 30°
lateral wye plus an elbow. (Refer to Figure 4.)
When the outlet diameter (D o) is less than the run diameter (refer to Figure 1 D,
Case II, unequal diameters), minimum dimensions G r, G o, and HL can be calculated
using the following formulas:
D Do
Gr = + + 2fr
2 tan θ 2 sin θ
HL = Gr + fr
D Do
Go = + + 2fo
2 sin θ 2 tan θ
4.1.7 Wyes. Minimum dimensions for 90° wyes are given in Table 1. (Refer to
Figure 1E .) Other angles from 90° to 30° may be used. Minimum dimensions F, G,
Z1 , and Hy can be calculated using the following formulas:
Where θ = angle of the fitting as defined in Figure 1E .
f
Z1 =
sin θ⁄ 2
0.5D
- 0.5D
cos θ⁄2
C =
tan θ ⁄2
0.5D
G = θ⁄ 2
tan
F =C+f
Hy = Z1 + G
4.1.8 Concentric and eccentric reducers. The length of reducers Lr is calcu-

lated by the following formula. (Refer to Figure 1F.)
Lr = 4(D2 - D 1 29
NOTE: If length is less than the prior formula, consult AWWA Manual M11 for
design stress considerations.
4.1.9 Tangential outlets. In special circumstances where a standard nozzle
and 90° elbow cannot be used, a tangent nozzle may be used. Recommended dimen-
sions are shown in Figure 3. Dimension L t should be kept as short as possible to
avoid damage during shipping and handling but long enough to allow for flange
clearance. If necessary to enable the valve operator to clear the outside diameter of
the run pipe, a flanged nipple should be used to extend the connection as required.
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American Water Works Association

DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED

STEEL WATER PIPE FITTINGS

Effective date: Mar. 1, 1997.

First edition approved by Board of Directors Jan. 26, 1959.

This edition approved June 23, 1996.

Approved by American National Standards Institute Nov. 29, 1996.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

American National Standard

Copyright © 1997 by American Water Works Association

The Steel Water Pipe Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC)

James R. Davenport, Chair

George J. Tupac, Chair

G.A. Andersen, NYC Bureau of Water Supply, Corona, N.Y. (AWWA)

General Interest Members

G.E. Block Jr., Rizzo Associates Inc., Natick, Mass. (NEWWA)

H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Pipe Products Group, Rancho

found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

2 References ......................................... 2 1 Dimensions of Steel Water

compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any

include the following:

please call the AWWA Standards and Materials Development Department,

AWWA STANDARD FOR

DIMENSIONS FOR FABRICATED

1.1.1 Conditions not covered in this standard. This standard is intended to

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

Sec. 1.3 Application

als or work to be performed.

*American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., New York, NY 10036.

§American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., Miami, FL 33135.

calculated from the appropriate formulas.

D = Outside diameter of steel cylinder.

Go = Centerline length of leg in lateral from point of intersection of lateral to

Lt = Length of tangential type outlet, centerline to end of pipe (Figure 3).

α = Angle developed between vertical centerline of pipe run and intersection

θ = Angle of the fitting being designed, as defined in Figures 1 or 2.

∆ = Total elbow deflection angle as shown in Figure 2.

4.1.5 Laterals, Case 1 (equal diameters). Minimum dimensions for laterals of

4.1.6 Laterals, Case II (unequal diameters). Minimum dimensions for laterals

Where θ = angle of the fitting as defined in Figure 1E .

4.1.8 Concentric and eccentric reducers. The length of reducers Lr is calcu-

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