BULE HORA UNIVERSITY

COLLAGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTITIONAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE
TITLE; URBAN LAND PLANNING AND USE MANAGEMENT IN CASE OF BULE
HORA TOWN

BY: -ABIYA BAKARE

ID; RU5487/13

ADVISOR; SORI S.

A SENIOR RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUMMITED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF

ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE PRESENTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENT FOR THE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BSC) DEGREE IN
ENVIROMENTAL SCIENCE.

NOV, 2023

BULE HORA, ETHIOPA

NB;-please use the navigation Result Bar for any comment!

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVATION.....................................................................................................................4
ABSTRACT..................................................................................................................................................5
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................7
1. Statement of the problem.........................................................................................................................7
1.2 Objectives of the study................................................................................................................7
1.2.1 General objective............................................................................................................................7
1.2.2 Specific objectives..........................................................................................................................8
1.3 Basic research question................................................................................................................8
1.4 Significance of the study..............................................................................................................8
CHAPTER TWO.....................................................................................................................................9
2. Review of related literature.....................................................................................................................9
2.1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Challenges of Urban Land Administration........................................................................................9
Land Administration................................................................................................................................9
2.3 Urban Land......................................................................................................................................10
2.3.1 Urban Land Management.............................................................................................................11
2.3.2 Urban land Administration...........................................................................................................11
2.3.3 Urban land market........................................................................................................................11
2.3.4 Land tenure...................................................................................................................................11
2.3.5 Urban land policy.........................................................................................................................11
CHAPTER THREE...............................................................................................................................12
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................12
3.1.1 Description of the study area........................................................................................................12
3.1.1 Location and size..........................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Climate.........................................................................................................................................12
3.2 Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study area................................................12
3.2.1 Demographic characteristics.........................................................................................................12
3.2.2 Land use and economic activity....................................................................................................12
3.3 Infrastructure...................................................................................................................................12
 3.3.1 Water supply.................................................................................................................................13
3.3.2 Telecommunication service..........................................................................................................13
3.3.3 Electricity.....................................................................................................................................13
3.3.4. Health..........................................................................................................................................13
3.4 Research design...............................................................................................................................13
3.5 Sampling techniques and sample size..............................................................................................13
3.6 Types and sources of data................................................................................................................14
3.7 Methods of data collection...............................................................................................................14
3.8 Method of Data Analysis.................................................................................................................14
4. BUDGET BREAK DOWN...................................................................................................................15
5. WORK PLAN.......................................................................................................................................15
5.1 Activities.............................................................................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................16
5................................................................................................................................................................18
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

First, I would like to give my greatest thanks to almighty of God for his great support to
pass many obstacles and also helps to do this research Proposal with a piece of
knowledge . Secondly, I would also like to thanks my advisor, Mr. Sori .S for his
professional comments and guidance during my research Proposal work. Finally, I extends
my special thanks to my family for their wonderful moral and financial support throughout
the period of the study. I say thank you and God bless you.
LIST OF ABBREVATION

E.C / ETHIOPIAN CALENDER

GIS / GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM

ETC / EXTRA

KMS / KILOMETRES

N0 / NUMBER

U.S / UNITED STATE

M/ METER

LIT/ LITER

SEC/ SECOND

HR/ HOUR

MM/ MILIMETER

FIG / FIGURE
 ABSTRACT
The study will be conducted to find out the challenge of urban land use management at Bule
Hora town. The data for the study will be gathered from primary and secondary source,
sampling techniques and sample size will be selected under stratified and /or systematic
random sampling and the size of this study will be expressed in number constituted square
settle, slum dwellers other legal resident, official and expert of municipality in order to
achieve the study, the data will be analyzed by descriptive method. The output come from the
study will include the major finding of the study consist , the financial capacity ,human
power, boundary dispute and way on control of land will be forwarded to recommend,
municipality and other concerned bodies to fill the gap and to assert possible solutions based
on identified problem.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Slum;-is an area of poor housing often characterized by multi-occupancy and overcrowding

(U/N-HABITAT report 2003)

Squatter;-an area of usually unauthorized, make shift housing generally at the edge o a third
world city and forming up to three quarter world cit and forming up to three quarters of its area
(Dannie ,2004).

Land;-is defined as the structure of the earth with everything on it and over it/Abraham 1995)

Urban Land;-according to urban land proclamation number 80/1993, urban land is defined as all
land within the boundaries of the town. urban land registration:-the overall process of recoding
information about land parcels for the purpose of effective and efficient land management this
information is recorded on official registers of land transition and real as properly right (UN-
HABIT report 1995).

Urban Land Management; –can be defined as any-stem of land administration concerned with
the judicious allocation and use of land to achieve orderly growth and efficient functioning of
cities (Akine,1992)

Urban land Administration;-describe the process of recording, inventorying and disseminating

information about the ownership value and use of land and allocation resources (Daneil 2009 ) .

Lease;-according to proclamation number 2722/2002 lease means the use right of urban land is
transferred or held contractually

Municipality;-is defined as an area over which a municipal corporation provide local government
services such as sewerage, crime protection and fire protection,(O Sullikan , Arther,1996-7).

Cadastre ;-is land information system , which contain a complete and up to date official records
of land parceles to provide detail information about parcel ownership , value , location , area land
use and property on land , Unigusie,2009)

Effective Urban Land Management;-is providing the basis for equitable and cost effective land
management in urban area, ( Unpant U. n.org.in tf v/group/…./UNPAN 07885 pdf.
 1. INTRODUCTION
Over the course of the twentieth century, the population of the world grew more rapidly than
ever before in human history, passing from 1.65 billion in 1900 to 6.06 billion in 2000. This
fourfold increase in the overall population growth has resulted in major demographic phenomena
by thirteen told rise in the number of persons living in urban area that occurred during the same
period form just 220billion in 1900,(Tony caption ,2004)

The urban population of Asia and Africa are expected to continue experiencing rapid growth
during the period between 2000-2030, by 2030 they will rank first and second in terms of urban
dwellers 2.7 billion in Asia and 0.8 billion in Africa in addition , their rates of urbanization will
continue to be among the highest in the world (tony chapion,2004).

In recent year’s urban development experience in developing countries highlights land use
management problems as being the most complex and difficult with which to deal (tony
champion 2004).

The issue of urban land, its availability and the level of its use for various member of society will
be an increasingly important determinant of the future scenarios of social and economic
development of the country As a developing country of the world Ethiopia share these
complexities and difficulties (wondimu Lemma;2003]

Most urban areas In Ethiopia are facing failure on achieving effective urban land use
management and low human and material capacity in solving social and economic problem of
urban area (wondimu.Lemma ;2003) among these urban areas Bule Hora town takes part from
these failure.

1. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Urban land comprise only a small part of the earth surface, but it is an important part, because it
is the place were almost half of the world human population lives and where more than half of
the world economic activity occurs .thus urban land is the basic resource to realize socio
economic development of urban centers elsewhere in the world while their population trends
increases from time to time.

As any urban centers of the world, the number of people living in Bule Hora town has an
increasing trend. It results in the formation of many problem like scare of land provision of
infrastructure, housing problem the land development department of the town provides for
different uses land supplied by the department is not comparable with the existing demand.
1.2 Objectives of the study
1.2.1 General objective
The main objective of this research study is to assess the existing urban land use management
challenge and to recommend possible solution that would help to improve the urban land use
management system In Bule Hora town.

1.2.2 Specific objectives

 To identify the major problems and cause of land use management
 To trace the existing situation of land registration in the municipality
 To describe the level and adequacy of the manpower of the municipality
 To identify the existing situation in demand for and supply of land
 To forward appropriate recommendation and possible solution based on identification
problems

1.3 Basic research question

The study will answer the following questions:

 What are the major challenge and cause of urban land use management in Bule Hora
town?
 What does the existing situation of land registration?
 What the man power and technical capacity of municipality look like?
 What is existing situation in demand for land and supply of land in town?
 What should be done to improve the existing situation?

1.4 Significance of the study

Undertaking the study on challenge of urban land use management on Bule Hora town helps the
municipality to understand how the challenge of urban land use management could be reduced
and urban land were properly used.

In addition to this, it helps the town to make rational judgment about in efficiency of land use
management and eventually it contributes for its betterment. Furthermore, it also invests other
researchers to make further investigation on the issue.
 CHAPTER TWO

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Introduction
In this chapter the theoretical that enable for the researcher to see the problem in relation to eh
existing knowledge in the study town that used to act as a bases for the research. Under the
theoretical literature urban land administration, challenges, urban land, urban land management,
urban land administration and urban land policy were briefly discussed.

2.2 Challenges of Urban Land Administration

Land Administration
Land administration is the process of recording and dissemination of information about
ownership, values, and the land and associated resources. It is a fundamental prerequisite for an
effective and viable and reform to transformation bases on good land investor (Zekarias,2000 )

However, the effectiveness of land administration is usually constrained by different barriers, the
major barrier for effective land administration are the following

A. Jurisdiction barriers
Their existence of numerous jurisdiction with in large urban area each with limited
authority, if this is so, it leads to an coordinated land management, competition between
local government in urban obstacle for addressing city wide problems and it also effect the
overall development of the town (ZekariasWolde,2000).

B. Economic barriers
Sustainable land is required clear economic signal of local urban government lack financial
resources. It cannot pat for official inspector and other necessary support staffs or pay them
to be form corruption and unable to provide proper service ( yimer nigatu,2004EC)

C. Professional Barriers
Land use planning system is socially and culturally unacceptable or inappropriate; planning
is poorly integrated with provision of service and lack of integration of function among
municipal department (zekarias 2000)

D. Institutional barriers
Weak institutional and professional capacity to manage the land, human resource, technical
problems, complex land regulation, duplication of effort of the agencies and absence of
accountability and transparency may inhibit the management of urban land (zekarias, 2000)
 E. Technological barriers (muluken dres,2000)

Land management involves the collection analyze, monitoring and mapping of land and land
related data. Municipalities use for the effective administration and management of their
available scarce land resource. However in many of the third world countries municipal
department lack the latest technique life GIS and cadastres than in its turn prohibits the
proper utilization and management of land information.

From the above description one can conclude that land demonstration is concerned with three
commodities the ownership value and use of the land, within the overall context of land resource
management. Many developing countries share common problem for effective and efficient land
administration such problems are jurisdictional complexity, economical problem, institutional
problem, professional and technological problems (zekarias,2000)

2.3 Urban Land

Urban land on its part can be defined as the plant form all human activities taking place in urban
centers. It can also be defined to encompass the jurisdiction of urban government (Abraham,
1995 cited by harlot 2002).it has unique nature being economic asset and a means for social
goals.

The economic value of urban land is an important factor that land management strategies should
consider and development of land markets of society as a whole to achieve social goal like
diseasing inequality in access to land and tenure security and environment of the urban poor
(World Bank, 1994).

Urban land as an essential resource for the development of human settlement and for the
generation of infrastructure service is a short coming for being scarce in many urban centers of
the world and its calls for a systematic use. The rapid population growth in urban center of the
developing countries a huge demand pressure on urban land uses. The urban land demand has
not been satisfied mainly due to the problems and constraints in the land allocation system.
Almost all municipalities do not have capacity to answer many applications for urban land at the
same time (Haregot, 2002).

Land plays a great role in the process of urban development because it is scarce resource which
fixity in its supply. The role of land in the economy of each nation is not always obvious, but it is
of great significance without secure land rights there can be no sustainable development for there
will be little willingness to make a long term investments, countries in transition will in
particular find it difficult obtain some foreign investment (Ibid). Generally urban land is a
boundary belonging to the urban administration to provide (achieve) economic assert, means for
social goal, development of land livable environment; due to alarming population growth,
development of human settlement sprawl, imbalance between demand and supply of land and in
access of infrastructure service it calls for more systematic use to being sustainable development.
 2.3.1 Urban Land Management
Urban land management is the process that included many interrelated activities such as
environmental, social, economic, infrastructure human settlements planning of towns and cities.
Effective urban land management is critical to achieve the proper functioning for urban areas in
the developing world, so that these areas can play their role in the social and economic
development their people (Nick and Carol 1993 by haregot, 2002)

Land administration is the regulatory frame work institutional arrangement system and process
that encompass the determination, allocation, administration and information concerning land. it
includes the determination and conditions of approved uses of land. The adjudication of right and
their registration via titling, the recording of land transaction and the estimation of value and
taxes based on land and property. The three component of land administration are land right
registration and management; land use allocation and management and land valuation and
taxation (Lyons et al,2001)

2.3.2 Urban land Administration

Urban land administration describes the process of recording , inventorying and disseminating
information about the ownership, value and use of land and association resources of the land ;
the survey and description of land parcels and the provision of relevant information In supply of
land market it a compartment of land management (Yimer,1999,cited by Niguse,2002)

2.3.3 Urban land market

Like any other market, land market is governed by the force of supply and demand for land.
These force determine the dynamic of land market operations and thus affect adjustments to land
price, unlike other markets, however, land is not a homogenous product. Each parcel is unique,
with a particular set of location and physical attributes and actors in the land market are diverse
and often have conflicting agendas (Catherine and Patrick, 1992).

2.3.4 Land tenure

It interact strongly with other elements of the urban economy, being closely linked to the
mortgage market, which takes a sustainable proportion of borrowed funds in most countries, it is
a major determine of the local tax base and significantly affects the quality and return of
investment under taken in land and structure (Catherine and Patrick, 1992).

2.3.5 Urban land policy

In order to ensure that urban land can be benefit all level of society more equality, it is necessary
to establish an integrated system of land controls which basically will prevent land speculation
investments by government in providing infrastructure ram drinking water, etc, has created
changes in land use. The added value result from such government, investment should not
benefit only the owners of land concerned it should also become capable of recovery by
government so that eventually it will be a source of cross-subsidy for the lower income group
(Sack, 1987).
 CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1.1 Description of the study area
3.1.1 Location and size
Bule Hora town is located on the Paved Addis Ababa – moyale highway, in West Guji Zone
south part of Oromia regional state of a distance of 467 km far from Addis Ababa to south and
The town is located an average elevation from 1716 meters above sea level The town has an
estimated total population of 27820 that is number of males 14519and 13301 females
respectively (national cesus report, 2007 E.C).

Fig.3.1

 Study area location map of Ethiopia, Oromia region, Bule hora town
 3.1.2 Climate
As data from culture and tourism office reveals. Bule Hora town is one of the annual average
temperature is 23% and dega climatic condition. The town monthly rain fall from april to augest
has 300mm-1500mm. the highest temperature for the area has 23%. The town get rain fall
through the whole year up to mean rain fall range 100up to 1400mm

3.2 Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study area

3.2.1 Demographic characteristics
The population of West Guji zone of Bule Hora town is based on finance socio-economic office
statistical shows in 2015 e.c account 254556 that is males 124506 and females 13005. From the
above total population the town has consists, more than half youths and adults.

3.2.2 Land use and economic activity

Land use of Ethiopia total land area of 1,221,480 square kilometers, the government estimated in
the late 1980, that 15%was under cultivation and 51% was pasture land. It was also estimated
that over 60% of the cultivated area was cropland. Forest land most of it in the south western part
of the country, accounted for 4% of the total land area, according to the government (u.s library
of congress).

The town has an organized more association with engaged in trade center in local market , small
scale and micro enterprise on woodwork, manufacturing service etc. most people in Bule Hora
town trade to provide cash crop such as coffee for market center in average annual
895.6,corn(600 tones),hides(53148)for center market (Bule Hora municipality,20015 e.c).

3.3 Infrastructure
According to Bule Hora town culture and tourism, 2016 ec. Bule Hora enjoys basic infrastructure
such as:-

3.3.1 Water supply

Water is not only basic need for immediate drinking purpose, it is also essential for the economic
growth of the town specifically and the country in general. The town gets its domestic water
supply from town bore holes,the average yield of each well amount to about 3.6 lit/sec and 7
lit/sec respectively. The two bore holes are working on average 16hr. both hour holes
respectively.

In general, currently the existing water resource potential in Bule Hora is found not to be
adequate and able to cope up the current demand, for the population of the town.

3.3.2 Telecommunication service

The town has telecommunication office with a status of district office. The source of the service
is microwave which is erected in the city According to the information gathered from the district
office the total exchange capacity of the subscription is 300 currently the service are very waek
to facilitate for the society in this town.

3.3.3 Electricity
Bule Hora has a 24 hours hydroelectric power service, which is connected with the national grid.
the power is distributed to the town and its surrounding rural kebeles with many transformer
located in different part of the town. The present customer who have private electric connection
are about 20000.

3.3.4. Health
Health institution available in Bule Hora town include One Hospital/ Bule Hora University
Teaching Hospital/ One Health center and 12 private clinic and 8 private pharmacy and 6 drug
vender and one Bule Hora University Community Pharmacy. The health center service is in a
position to serve the town population according to the standard for ministry of health one health
center service for 2500population.

3.4 Research design

In order to achieve the purposed objective of the study a descriptive survey method will be used.
Since, it is more appropriative to describe the situation in terms of analysis of the problem. The
study will mainly base on qualitative and quantitative information.

3.5 Sampling techniques and sample size

To come up with good research result it demands to determine sample design and size as part of
the broad. Sample survey. Because of time, budget and impracticability of surveying entire
population sampling is preferable. Hence information source will be, selected delibrately to get
real data from concerned officials while others to be selected under stratified and or systematic
random sampling.

3.6 Types and sources of data

The data will be obtained from two types and sources, primary and secondary source. The
primary source will be collected through field survey, personal interviews and questionnaires
will be used as the secondary source and obtained from published and unpublished documents.

3.7 Methods of data collection

The data for this study will be gathered from primary and secondary source. Primary data is
gathered through field surveys, personal interviews direct observation and questionnaires. The
secondary data obtained from published, unpublished document and exploring internet service.
Open and closed ended questionnaire will be developed and given for slum dwellers, squatting
settler and other legal resident. Structured and unstructured interviews will prepared and asked
for official of municipality. In addition, direct observation and assessment will also employed to
collect qualitative data.
3.8 Method of Data Analysis
The study will be generated by both qualitative and quantitative data, the first task will be to
summaries, categories and code all qualitative responses into numeric values ,so the quantitative
Data for analysis of various parameters. Information obtained from unstructured interviews and
Informal interviews with different people in the town and officials will mostly
In form of verbal/narrative information. These will be written down during the study and
summarized. This information is more qualitative in nature and will be used to support the coded
Qualitative and quantitative data analysis. Descriptive statistics; sum, mean, and percentages will
Presented in tables to enable easy interpretation and quick visual comparisons of variables within
The study area.

Ethical consideration in the field work

There will be some processes before conducting the study in the area such as letter from the
department to the concerned bodies for researchers will take consideration. After fulfillment of
the step to make the respondent feel and confidential to fill the questionnaire and interview
genuinely and smoothly the researcher will established smooth relationship to get full
information from the respondent and besides the researcher will use clear word and ethical
consideration at the time of the study.

4. BUDGET BREAK DOWN

Number Material Quantity Unit price Total price

1 Paper 1 packet 1*850 850
2 Printing 40 page 5*40 800
3 Pen 4 4*20 80
4 Binder 1 1*150 150
5 Ruler 1 1*80 80
6 Flash Disc 1 1*450 450
7 Transportation As required 500 300
8 Total _ _ 2710
 5. WORK PLAN

5.1 ACTIVITIES
The major activities to be implemented during this work starting from title selection up to final thesis
submission will be as follows;-

No, Activities Oct. Oct-November Nov. Nov-Dec. Jan. May June

2023 2023 2023 2024
2023 2024 2024

1 Questionairy
development, sampling

2 Data collection

3 Proposal writing,
submission

4 Data editing, ,analysis

and interpretation

5 Thesis compilation

6 Thesis presentation,
correction and
submission

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Abraham W. (1995 Urban land in transition, policy problem and prospect, Addis Ababa

Akin L. Mabogunje (1992), prospective Urban Land Management, Washington Dc

Birkeyami (1996), Urban Management in Ethiopia; Problem and Prospect, Addis Ababa

Catherine and Patrick, (1992), Reforming Urban Land Policies and Institution in Developing
Countries, World Bank Washington D.C

Daniel (2009), Squatter Settlement, AThird World City

Daniel (2009), Urban Land Administration

Dessalegn R. (1994), Land Tenure and Land Policy in Ethiopia after Derge, Proceeding Of the
Secondary Workshop on the Land Project

Effective Urban Land Management Available On: Unpan. I Org/Intradoc/Group/Public/…

UNPAND 17885. Pdf

Hagos K (2003), Urban Land Management Problems (The Case of Korem Town), Addis Ababa

Harasot Alemu (2002), Urban Land Management (The Case of Mekele Town) B.A thesis
E.C.S.C Addis Ababa

Lyons et al, (2001), Land Administration Are Land Rights Registration and Management; Land
Use Management and Allocation; And Land Valuation and Taxation.

Niguise (2002), urban land administration

Sack (1987), urban land policy

Shinallis B (2001), Urbanization and Urban Development in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa

Sisay G (2009), Assessment Of Urban Land Management Practice (The Case Of Fincha Town)
B.A thesis E.CS.C. Addis Abeba

Tony Champiom (2004), New Forms of Urbanization the Urban Rural Dichotomy

Tibia Juka (2006), From the Rate of the Rural Population in Africa and Land Use Management
Problem as Complex and Difficult Which to Deal

UN-HABITAT Global Report, (2003), Slum on Human Settlements

UN-HABITAT Global Report, (2010), Urban Land Registration and Transaction

Wondimu Abera (2003), Solving Social and Economic Problem of Urban Transaction.

World Bank, (1994), Land use Consideration is Urban Environmental Management

Wolde (2002), Urban Land Administration

Zekrias (2000), Challenges of Urban Land Administration

.