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Pitting Corrosion Mechan
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Pitting is one of the most destructive forms of corrosion as it will potential cause equipment
failures due to perforation / penetration. pitting generally occurs on metal surfaces
protected by oxide film such as Stainless steel, aluminum, etc. Typically for boiler and feed
water system, pitting corrosion rate increase dramatically with the increase of oxygen
content in the fluid.
Pitting can occur in any metal surfaces. Following are some pictures of pitting corrosion.
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Rust Prevention
Chloride Metals
C 276 Corrosion
Removing Oxygen
Water Prevention
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Mechanism
Lets look at figure below, oxygen rich fluid in contact with metal surface (at the top of the
pit) will becomes the cathode. At the bottom of the pit, low in oxygen level becomes the
anode. this will form a complete circuit where metal at the pit (FE) will be ionized to release
electron (e) and form ion Ferum (FE2+), this electron will travel to the top of pit to react with
Oxygen (O2) (and water, H2O) to form ion hydroxides (OH-). Ion Ferum (FE2+) will react
with ion hydroxides (OH-) to form Ferum Oxide (Fe2O3) which typically a brown rust.
Deeper the pit leeser the oxygen content and higher the potential and pitting corrosion rate.
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Preventive measures
There are several preventive approah to avoid pitting. There are :
z Proper material selection e.g. SS316 with molydenum having higher pitting
resistance compare to SS304
z Use higher alloys (ASTM G48) for increased resistance to pitting corrosion
z Control oxygen level by injecting oxygen scavenger in boiler water system
z Control pH, chloride concentration and temperature
z Cathodic protection and/or Anodic Protection
z Proper monitoring of oxygen & chloride contents by routine sampling
z Agitation of stagnant fluid
Related Topics
z Chloride stress corrosion cracking and use of correct MOC for seawater
z How Chloride stress corrosion cracking Lookslike ?
z Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys
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