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Thermodynamics Notes
Thermodynamics Notes
Thermodynamics Notes
RAFTAAR
DAY 5
478-6PM
29th February-Thursday: #DAYI COMPLETED
Lecture Kaisa
Mole Concept Iga??
#2IDD-HA1
LIVE
- 1st March-Friday: #DAY2COMPLETED
#ZIDD-HAI Atomic Structure Vaisa
tective
Iga??
2nd March-Saturday: #DAY COMPLETED #RIDD-HAI
Periodic Table
LIVE
- 4th March-Monday: #DAYG COMPLETED
-
Chemical Bonding
#RIDD
#DAMY COMPLETED 2
⑲
5th March-Tuesday:
Thermodynamics #ZIDD-HAl
6th March-Wednesday:
Chemical Equilibrium ⑱
7th March-Thursday:
Ionic Equilibrium
8th March-Friday:
Redox Reactions
9th March-Saturday:
P-Block (Class 11th)
11th March-Monday:
IUPAC
12th March-Tuesday:
Isomerism
13th March-Wednesday:
GOC
CHEMISTRY SCHEDULE -NITESH DEVNANI
14th March-Thursday:
Hydrocarbons
15th March-Friday:
Solutions
16th March-Saturday:
Chemical Kinetics
18th March-Monday:
Electrochemistry
19th March-Tuesday:
D&F-Block
20th March-Wednesday:
P-Block (Class 12th)
21st March-Thursday:
Coordination Compounds
22nd March-Friday:
Haloalkanes & Haloarenes
23rd March-Saturday:
Alcohols & Phenols
24th March-Monday:
Ethers
26th March-Tuesday:
Aldehydes & Ketones
27th March-Wednesday:
Carboxylic Acids
28th March-Wednesday:
Amines
*ONE
*
·I
·* RANK BOOSTING DOD ->
-
SOLUTION
-
MAGIC DPPs
-
*
·
AIR
· STATEMENT BASED
·
MATCH THE
COLUMN
SHORT
**
NOTES
REVISION
-
-
·
8N MARCH
PRACTICE
SYSTEM.
*
SURROUNDING
**
part universe
of excludingsystem
BOUNDARY
*
which
Anything separates system and surr
and
elegy.
*
mass X
A
CLOSED SYSTEM
enegy
which
exchange anegy
* on
* ISOLATED SYSTEM
which
*
exchange
cannot mass
well as
as
energy.
mass X
mugy
Profutes
which
define of any
state
system.
Displacement
*
STATE FUNCTION
4 - ES
initial
which
defend only upon and
final
0 0
A
state =
a.
=
7
- Pressure,
E,5, H,4
volume,
tenqualize
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
PATH FUNCTION Distant, eg
-
-
work and heat
which
defend on
path followed by
system. A ⑪ 2 +
3
·
·B
wid ③
A INTENSIVE PROPERTY
BP 100C
1000gm 420 =
heat
I density, templative, pressure, specific
Pressure.
moler heat, BP, MP,
Vapour
1 9110 1/2
agm
=
420 =>
=
EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
-
D 18
gm 420 => 1 18/10
=
1
=
· Process
Jothumal AT 0 =
↳ T is constant;
·
Process
Isobaric AP 0
=
↳ D is constant;
· Process
Hochoric AV 8 =
↳ Vis constant;
AdiabaticProcess
9
·
0
=
↳ is ZERO
heat
exchange
AE =
↳ Initial - Final BH 0 =
statt slate
-
AS 0
D ASSAM
=
C
⑧
< THAILAND
A4 0
·
=
⑧ ·
B
A
Jafur 40A
*
-
value is ZERO
Change
state
in
function
*
Reversible Process
SAND
·
↑ =
Il ⑭ Il 8
=-------- ----------
GAS GAS
P is constant
If
·in
P va
w
pdV
=
=
an V W =
=
Un
P(va-vi) = =
PAV
VI)
↳
Enugy flow due to
difference
temperature
*
↑ Cab 4 4.2]
1 J =
10
egs
Data 10103]
=
12ba 100]
=
work done
workdone w W = + ve w
>
W= -
r
by system
-
on
system
↑
SYSTEM
heat released
heat q
to
my system
given -
system 9 tre g
= re
= -
associated
of differentvegies
with
Sum its
geovitational
mugy
atoms and molecules
potential augy,
like KE
- not
part of
is
v PE+KE+ RE+NEt.....
=
REASON 8-
->
-
-
-
State
*
function
Cannot absolute value internal
*
find of mugy
AU Uz-UI
= U==> Find state
U, =) Initial
state
SU=9**-
wo
e
↓
in
change
U
-
-
ideal internal T
eugy defends only
on
For
* an
gas,
Iothermal Process-> AT = 0 => AU = 0
Au +w 0
=
g
=
w
g
=
-
jrv equal
is
or absorbed at constant
o W 0
=
w
volume
AV=
g
+
Au=qv-couslant
-
·
volume
w
10 0
g
= =
+
08G = w
-
Expansion
W = -
ve
=>>
AU=- re
↳ *
g 0
=
decrease
var < Wy
AV w
g
=
+
AU= W
·
Compression
So W + ve
= I
=>
the
=
uncrease
Ua>UI
> P is constant
STATE FUNCTION
AP 0
=
ENTHALPY EXTENSIVE
↳ heat released or
absorbed at constant
Pressure
is
* sum
of
intrael
mugy
and
pressive volume
enugy.
HU =
+
PV
AH= AU+A(PV)
If P is constant ~
*
IH AU+PAV -> Ideal
=
--
- gas
vis constant
If PAV=
AngRT
AU+VAP
AH= moles
Ang=
sum
of gaseous
-
product
Sum mole retent
of gaseous
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
BH DU+PAV
=
AH=
AU+AngRT
1H Ar
Ang
=> =
· 0
=
AH> Ar
Ang
· >o =>
DMCAV
=
o CH24)
->
M2G) +
22G)
JU
AH=
Ang 2
=
- 20 =
(a0(s)
&
CaCO3(s) -
+CO29
Ang 1
=
=
0 = D AHT AU
->
10K]
q
+
=
*v
g w
= +
W
=
=
4k]
=
+10 -
N
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
Question i enohumic
Combustion CHj(e) releases 936.9 Kcal. Calculate
of
internal %
enegy
C4o() +10g) 6002ly)
- +
3420 (e)*
⑤
2
6
Ang 15
↑
-936.9 kcal
= =
AH
-
& =2 cal R =
8.314 I
*
2x10-3 k Cal
=
(3)(2x10-3)
x 298
-
936.9 1V
=
+
to raise
ofamount required temp
Amount heat
substance
of given of by one
degree or
one kelvin
C =
↳
AT
A
-
=
MAT
to raise
temp of
Profuly
Amount
of
heat
required
kelvin
I mole
of
substance
by one
degree or one
Cm= -
NAT
At const. P at const. V
CP CV ⑰
⑭
= =
DAT NAT
=
=
Degree of Freedom
Cp-Cv R =
for mole
-
law
of equi fallion
mos
of energy i
Cp-Cr=np
for -
V P=
(poison's Ratio) v
Ev
5R
monoatomic I 5 1.66
=
5R
He Ne Al
e -
2 3
-
Diatomic 5R FR
--
I
104
=
en
I 2 5
H2, 02, N2
Ev
Triatomic 5R FR V = 7 104 =
I
-
Lineal HYBRI 2 5
CO2 0 c0
= =
Tiatomic 3R UR V 4 1.33
=
Non Lines 3 -
-
58.
is
or
Poly atomic
Pis constant
w =
=
fpdv --
Win==P(Va-VI)
Win=-PAV
*
REVERSIBLE PROCESS Ir
f-
0 w nRT dV
variable
=
-
P is
-
-
W
fPdV
=
W
=
= R1 n=-
VI
nRTen
PV RT =
P DRT
logv2=-2.303nclog
= W =-
2.303DRT
-
⑳
W = =
fodv
FREE
=>
EXPANSION
W0
=
v2
loy
=
*
= -
xR(00) in
y
y
=-
300KRen 10
=
-
=
0
9
=
IV w
g
= +
W nCAT
AU= =
W n(r(T T)
= -
NOT
* WA
Poison's
↑
V= ratio
⑪ Pv= constant
⑳
PV RT
TVV= constant
=
P=
M
08 n =constant
V
TVp
1 -
V
constant
=
Now steep) a
i
⑪
Adabali
i
⑪ P ⑳
O
⑳
3
ISOTHERMAL stathuma
" ·
)
ADIABATIe
>
Un V V2 V
It does not
feasibilityof
explain a
process
given
-
↳
-
conditions
Possibility
under
To
->
afue cap
Nahi Hote
(S)
*
Extensive
Property
*
Randomness 4 I Initiat
untropy
=>
Final
R >
- P
AS
gre
-
--
T as= (S)-(S)r
DS
Sfinal-Sinilist
=
TH VI
4 T2 Vi Ve
= =
AS DR dn
=
AS nCvdn Tz
=
VI Tl
Sig) Solid
More the
gaseous
nature - more
A
is
intropy
AS the
Ang >0 =>
=
90 => AS ve
Ing
=
-
1S 0 GAS
Any
0
= => =
Asvap=
ASsub= AH
-
↳ -
quilibrium
E
ASunivuse =
0
ASsys + ASsun 0
=
Assys == AS sun
Irreversible Process
A Sunivuse > O
Assystem +
Assun 70
Astotal 70=>
Spontaneous
Astotal 40 => Non
sfonterious
AsTotal 0
=
->
equilibrium
RAFTAAR 25 days = 25 chapters t.me/neetpreparationadda247
Ha 42 -> 2HC
-
0.13 0.22 0.19
AS Sp- SR
=
(x019)
=
-
(0.3 0.22)
+
Thermo
-
-
crila
~
>
-
AGsystem
Asmotal>0 O
Spontaneous
Non
spontaneous Astotal 40
Alsystem >
~
Equilibr Astotel 0
=
AG
system
0
=
AH decrease
C0-enugy
increase
As>o-> intropy ↑
1H-IAs
AG=
-
He -
ver
0 alys
sporaneous
-
urease
AUTO-
enegy
decreate
etopy
-
As so-
AG AH-FAs
=
the the
⑲o always
spontaneous
-
non
-
ANCO- decease
mugy
durcate
IS 48 -
entropy
A4 AH-75'=
-He the
spontaneous at how I
AH>0
enugy
-> increase
ASTO- increase
intropy
14 AH-TIs
=
the -
re
⑭ spontaneous high
↑
at
Finish
-
-