CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL
INTELIGENCE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

MAN – MADE ABILITY TO THINKING / THINKING

ABILITY LIKE HUMAN

It is a branch of computer science that tends to creating the computer or machines as

intelligent as human beings.
Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer controlled robot or
a software thinking intelligently just like a human thinks.
The integration of man-made machine with the power of thinking or ability to think
just like a human can be termed as Artificial Intelligence. Integration of man-made
devices/ machines/computer with the human thinking abilities, problem solving
abilities, etc. can make a good machine with better solving abilities, better efficiency
and accuracy.
Main reason and benefits of using AI are:
1) Better Accuracy
2) It Reduces Human mistakes/ errors.
3) Time efficient
4) Better range of work
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CASE STUDY – I
SOFIA ROBOT
(Activity for Students)
(A Research Activity)

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 APPLICATIONS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
There are many uses/ applications of AI in various field like Data Science,
Robotics, etc. There are mainly seven field where AI is used.
These fields are:
1) Robotics
2) Perception
a. Machine Vision
b. Speech Understanding
c. Touch Sensation
3) Planning
4) Machine Learning (ML)
5) Game Playing
6) Expert System
7) Natural Language Processing (NLP)
a. Natural Language Understanding
b. Speech Understanding
c. Language Generation
d. Machine Translation

1. Robotics: It is the one of the best application of AI. It allows us to make

machine automated, ability to self-learn, by observing and following the
human action. Some of the examples are Atlas-Humanoid Robot, Cyber dog,
etc.

2. Perception: AI uses the large amount of data. Therefore, it allows user to take
input data from user (from camera, sensors, etc.) and perform action similarly
like human does. There are three main parts where perception is used that is
Computer vision (for Example Traffic camera), Speech Understanding (like
Alexa, Google AI assistant) and Touch sensation (eye and facial detection).
3. Planning: AI allows us to plan an event or a project or a task in an effective
manner. Tools like Asana, Click-Up allows user to plan a task from start to
end goal and take correct decision at each point.

4. Machine Learning (ML): ML is one of the greatest application of AI. It uses

the past data from various sources and learn from it. It allows to create a self-
learning machine which analyze, observe and learn from it.
5. Game Playing: In gaming, Games like Minecraft, uses the automated AI
logic to change level/difficulty according to user performance. It also allows
user to regulate daily activity like time interval in various games.

6. Expert Systems: AI is a great way to make an expert system that solve

difficult problems and provide decision making. For example, identification,
computer security, Biometric Identification, etc.

7. Natural Language Processing (NLP): It is the one of the best application of

AI that understand speech, text, spoken words, etc. just like human being
does. One of the best application is Machine Translation that is used to
translate from one language to another just like a human.
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CASE STUDY – II
AI TOOLS

(Activity for Students)

(A Research Activity)
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 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES IN AI

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
1. Increases Efficiency 1. Dependency on machines
2. Reduces Human 2. Reduces Job/ Causes
Mistakes/errors. Unemployment
3. Easily Available 3. Initial Cost is High
4. Increases Accuracy 4. Lack of Creativity
5. Automation / Useful in 5. Data Dependent/ Data is not
Automating Machines easily available

WORKING OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

GLOBAL
DATA
USER
FILTERATION
USER INTERFACE OF DATA

KNOWLEDGE FACTS AND

GAINING RULES CHECK

EXPERT SYSTEM / AI WORKING

We know that the main use of AI is to convert a task or work into automated work
according the user and update regularly using past / old data. The above block
diagram shows the functioning and working of Artificial Intelligence.
The steps are as follows:
Step 1) The first part starts with the user. The user asks the question or gives the
task to machine or collects the data in form text or speech or in vocal form or in
image format.
Step 2) The question or task is visible on the screen of machine in text or image
form which is helpful in identifying the correctness of question.
Step 3) Now the question is passes to the Expert System or AI system.
The AI system consist of two main parts:
a. Filteration of Data (it uses some rules and facts to check the information
according to the question of user and then it is send back to the user in
form of answer).
b. Global Data (it contains all the past and stored data of the world from all
the subjects or fields)
Step 4) After the step of Expert System, the information is send back to the user in
form of Answer.