Aim Of The Experiment:-

To determine the rate of evaporation

of different liquids and then Compare
it with respect to different factors and
density.

SUBMITTED BY: SOUJATYA TALUKDER

CLASS: XI – SCIENCE
ROLL NO.: 23
SUBMITTED TO: SUCHARITA BARMAN
SIGNATURE:
 -: INDEX :-
1. Certificate

2. Acknowledgement

3. Theory Involved

4. Uses of solution

5. Experiment
a) Materials required
b) Procedure
c) Observation Table
d) Conclusion
e) Result

6. Bibliography
 -: CERTIFICATE :-

This is to certify that this project is

submitted by SOUJATYA TALUKDER to the
chemistry department, KENDRIYA
VIDYALAYA, ALIPURDUAR JN. was carried
out by his under the guidance and
supervision of MS. SUCHARITA BARMAN
during academic session 2022-2023.

DATE:
MS. SUCHARITA BARMAN
(Chemistry Teacher)

Internal Examiner: -
 -: Acknowledgement :-

I wish to express my deep gratitude and

sincere thanks to my chemistry teacher,
Miss Sucharita Barman, Kendriya
Vidyalaya for her encouragement and
for all the facilities that she provided
for all the facilities that she provided
for the completion of this project work.
I take this opportunity to express my
deep sense of gratitude for her
invaluable guidance, constant
encouragement, immense motivation,
which has sustained my efforts at all
the stages of this project work. I am
also thankful to Mr. Venkata Rao
without whom all this would never
have been possible.
 THEORY INVOLVED
1.RATE OF EVAPORATION
A liquid's surface area and temperature affect its rate
of evaporation. Evaporation rate also depends upon
the type of liquids, since liquids are made up of
different molecules and differ in the amount of
abstraction that exists between the molecules.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE RATE OF EVAPORATION
Temperature:
It is also affected by temperature. As the temperature
of air is increased, its capacity to hold moisture also
increases.
Any increase in air temperature raises the temperature
of liquid at the evaporation source which means that
more energy is available to the liquid molecules for
escaping from liquid to a gaseous state. Hence
evaporation is directly proportional to the temperature
of evaporating surface. Warmer the evaporating
surface, higher the rate of evaporation.
Air-pressure:
Evaporation is also affected by the atmospheric
pressure exerted on the evaporating surface. Lower
pressure on open surface of the liquid results in the
higher rate of evaporation.
Relative humidity:
The rate of evaporation is closely related with the
relative humidity of air. Since the moisture holding
capacity of air at a given temperature is limited, drier
air evaporates more liquid than moist air. In other
words, higher the vapour pressure, lower the rate of
evaporation. It is a common experience that
evaporation is greater in summer and at mid-day than
in winter and at night.
2.SURFACE AREA AND TEMPERATURE
Because molecules or atoms evaporates from a liquid's
surface area allows more molecules or atoms to leave
the liquid, and evaporation occurs more quickly. For
example- same amount of water will evaporate faster
if spilled on a table than it is left in the cup. Higher
temperature also increases the rate of evaporation. At
higher temperature molecules or atoms have a higher
average speed. And more particles are able to break
free on liquid's surface.
3.INTERMOLECULAR FORCES
Most liquids are made up of mutual attraction among
different molecules help explain why some liquids
evaporates faster than others. Attractions between
molecules arise because molecules typically have
regions that carry a slight positive charge. These
regions of electric charges are created because some
tons in a molecule are often more electronegative than
the hydrogen atoms. Intermolecular attractions affect
the rate of evaporation of a liquid because strong
intermolecular attraction hold the molecules in a liquid
more tightly. As a result, liquids with strong
intermolecular attractions evaporate more slowly than
those with strong intermolecular forces this is the
reason why gasoline evaporates faster than water. The
stronger the forces keeping the molecules together in
the liquid state the more energy that must be input in
order to evaporate them.
 ETHANOL
IUPAC Name Ethanol

Other Names Ethyl Alcohol, Grain

Alcohol, Hydroxyethane,
Drinking Alcohol
Molecular FormulaACETONE
C₂H₂OH
IUPAC Name
Structure WATER
Propanone

IUPAC
Other Name
Names Oxidane
Dimethyl ketone
PROPERTIES
Molecular Formula
Other Names CH 3COCH
Water, Dihydrogen
3

Molar Mass monoxide, Aqua

46.06844 g/mol
Structure Formula
Molecular H₂O
Appearance Colourless clear liquid
Structure
Density 0.789 g/cc
PROPERTIES
Melting Point
PROPERTIES -114.3 °C (158.8 K)
Molar Mass 58.08 g/mol
Boiling Point 78.4°C (351.6 K)
Molar Mass
Appearance 18.01528
Colourlessg/mol
clear liquid
Solubility in water Fully miscible
Density
Appearance 791 kg/m³ clear liquid
Colourless
Acidity 15.9(H* from OH
Melting Point
Density -95 °C
group)
1 g/cc
Viscosity 1.200 mPa (CP) at 20°C
Boiling Point 56 °C
Melting Point 0 °C
Dipole moment 5.64fc/f (1.69D) (gas)
Solubility in water Fully miscible
Boiling Point 100 °C
ACETALDEHYDE
Viscosity 0.316 cp
IUPAC Name
Viscosity Ethanal
0.894 cp
Dipole moment 2.69 D
Other Names Acetaldehyde
Dipole moment 1.85D
Molecular Formula C2H4O