BRITISH STANDARD | BS EN ISO - —— 5167-4:20038 Incorporating Corrigendum No.1 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — ; Part 4: Venturi tubes The Buropean Standard EN ISO 5167-4:2003 has the status of a British Standard y} h StandardsBS EN ISO 5167-4:2003 ——— — This British Standard was Poblished under the authority ‘ofthe Standards Policy end Steatezy Common on 18 March 2008 (© BSI 11 June 2000, ISBN 0 560 41454 National foreword ‘This British Standard is the official English language version of EN ISO 5167-4:2003. It is identical with ISO 5167-4:2003. It, together with Parts 1, 2 and 3 of BS EN ISO 51672008, supersedes BS EN ISO 5167-1:1997 which is withdrawn, ‘The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee CPV/30, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, to Subcommittee CPVS012, Pressure differential devices, which has the responsibility to: — aid enquirers to understand the text; — present to the responsible international European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed: — monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK, A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its secretary, Cross-references ‘The British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue tunder the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index’, or by using the “Search’ facility of the BST Blectronie Catalogue or of British Standards Online, This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application, Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. Summary of pages ‘This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the EN ISO title page, the EN ISO foreword page, the ISO title page, pages ii to v, a blank page, pages 1 to 24, the Annex ZA page and a back cover ‘The BSI copyright date displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued, Amendments issued since publication ‘Amd. No Date (Comments 14518 11 June 2003 [Correction to EN TSO foreword page and (Corrigendum No.1 lincorporating the Annex ZA page,EUROPEAN STANDARD EN ISO 5167-4 NORME EUROPEENNE. EUROPAISCHE NORM Maren 200 Ios 17,120.10 ‘Supersedes EN ISO 5167-1:1995 English version Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 4: Venturi tubes (ISO 5167-4:2003) Mosure edit dos tides au moyen capparcis Durchussessung von Fliden mit resselgertenn vol stapamogioes insérés dans des condos en charge de durchstemten Latungen mi Kreisquersennt = Tal section cour - Parte & Tubes do Ventut (SO 8167 Ventutohe (180 5167-4:2003). “s2003) “his European Standart was approved by CEN on 20 February 2008, {GEN mambers ere bound to comply wih the CEN/CENELEC inter Rogulatons whic splat tne contons for gig this European ‘Standart to stats ofa natons! standard without any aeration Up ase ists and biographies rlerances censoring uh national { standards may be obtainod on apzéeation io the Mangement Gente oo any GEN member ‘This European Standard ois in ve oficial versions (English, French Under ne responsi o a CEN memerinto sow largoage and rot san). A version nary her anguage mace by translation To the Management Centre has the same status ashe oa CEN members are he national standards boos of Austra, Belg, Czach Repub, Benmar, Finland, France, Gennany, Greece Hungay, esand,elan, Nay, Luxembourg, Malta, Ntrianes, Norway, Portugal, Slovak Repub, Spain, Sweden, Swiserond and Unted Kingdom, 5 | EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Centre: ue de Stassar, $6 8-1050 Brussole (©2009 CEN Allright of excotation nary form ana by any means reseed Pet, No, ENISO 5167-4:2008 © ‘wotouide or GEN natonal MembersEN ISO 5167-4:2003 CORRECTED 2003-05-14 Foreword This document (EN ISO 5167-4:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 20 "Measurement of fuid flow in closed conduits in collaboration with CMC. ‘This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by September 2003, This document supersedes EN ISO 5167-1:1995. ‘According to the CENICENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netheriands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of 60 §167-4:2003 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5167-4:2003 without any ‘modifications. NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in Annex ZA (normative).EN ISO 5167-4:2003 INTERNATIONAL iso STANDARD 5167-4 Fiest action 2003-03-01 es Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 4: Venturi tubes Mesure de débit des fluides au moyen d'apparsils déprimogénes insérés dans des canduites en charge de section circulaire — Partie 4: Tubes de Venturi Reference number 180 5167-4:2003(€)EN ISO 5167-4:2003EN ISO 5167-4:2003 Contents Page Foreword, Introduction Scopé Normative references .. ‘Terms and definitions. Principles of the method of measurement and computatio 1 Field of application 2 General shape .. 3 Material and manufacture, 4 Pressure tappings.. 5.5 Discharge coefficient, C.. 5.8 Expansibility [expansion] factor, =. 5.7 Uncertainty of the discharge coefficient C {58 Uncertainty of the expansiiltyfexpansion) factor 5.9 Prossure loss. 1 2 3 4 5 Classical Venturi tubes. 8 5. 5. 5. 6 Installation requirements 61 General 62 Minimum upstream and downstream straight lengths for installation between various fittings and the Venturi tube 1 63 Flow conditioners 15 64 Additional specific installation requirements for classical Venturi tubes 5 Annex A (informative) Table of expansibility fexpansion] factor Annex B (informative) Classical Venturi tubes used outside the scope of ISO 5167-4. Annex C (informative) Pressure loss in a classical Venturi tube Bibliography.EN ISO 5167-4:2003 Foreword SO {the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Intemational Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been ‘established has the right to be represented on that committee. Intemational organizations, govemmental and Ron-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization, International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISOVIEC Directives, Part 2 ‘The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards, Draft international Standards ‘adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member todies for voting, Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote, ‘Attention is drawn to the possibilty that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent Fights. [SO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights 1SO 5167-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISOITC 30, Measurement of fluid low in closed conduits, ‘Subcommittee SC 2, Pressure differential devices. ‘ This first edition of 1SO 8167-4, together with the second edition of ISO 5167-1 and the first editions of 180 5167-2 and ISO 5167-3, cancels and replaces the first edition of SO 5167-1:1991, which has been technically revised, and ISO 5167-1:1891/Amd.1:1998, 1SO 5167 consists of the following parts, under the general tile Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements — Part 2: Orifice plates — Part 3: Nozzles and Venturi nozzios — Part 4: Venturi tubesEN ISO 5167-4:2003 Introduction 'SO 5167, divided into four parts, covers the geometry and method of use (installation and operating Conditions) of orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes when they are inserted in a conduit running full to determine the flowrate of the fluid flowing in the conduit I also gives necessary information for calculating the flowrate and its associated uncertainty. 180 5167 is applicable only to pressure differential devices in which the flow remains subsonic throughout the ‘measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as single-phase, but is not applicable to the ‘measurement of pulsating flow. Furthermore, each of these devices can only be used within specified limits of pipe size and Reynolds number, 'SO 5167 deals with devices for which direct calibration experiments have been made, sufficient in number, spread and quality to enable coherent systems of application to be based on their results and coefficients to be given with certain predictable limits of uncertainty. The devices introduced into the pipe are called “primary devices”. The term primary device also includes the pressure tapings. All other instruments or devices required for the measurement are known as “secondary devices”. ISO 5167 covers primary devices; secondary devices") will be mentioned only occasionally 'SO 5167 is divided into the following four parts. ') Part 1 of ISO 5167 gives general terms and definitions, symbols, principles and requirements as well as ‘methods of measurement and uncertainty that are to be used in conjunction with Parts 2 to 4 of ISO 5167, >) Part 2 of ISO 5167 specifies orifice plates, which can be used with comer pressure tapings, D and DI2 Pressure tappings®!, and flange pressure tappings. ©) Part 3 of ISO 5167 specifies ISA 1932 nozzles), long radius nozzles and Venturi nozzles, which differ in ‘shape and in the position of the pressure tappings, ) This part of ISO 5167 specifies classical Venturi tubes") ‘Aspects of safety are not dealt with in Parts 1 to 4 of ISO 5167, Itis the responsibilty of the user to ensure that the system meets applicable safely regulations. 1) See 180 2186:1973, Fluid flow in closed conduits — Connections for pressure signal transmissions between primary ‘2nd secondary elements, 2), Orifice plates with “vena contracta’ pressure tappings are nat considered in ISO 5167, 3) ISA is the abbreviation for the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations, which was succeeded by ISO in 1946. 44) Inthe USA the classical Venturi tube is sometimes called the Herschel Venturi tubsEN ISO 5167-4:2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full — Part 4: Venturi tubes 1 Scope This part of ISO 5167 specifies the geometry and method of use (installation and operating conditions) of Venturi tubes when they are inserted in a conduit running full to determine the flowrate of the fluid flowing in the conduit This part of {SO 5167 also provides background information for calculating the flawrate and is applicable in ‘conjunction withthe requirements given in ISO 5167-1 This part of ISO 5167 is applicable only to Venturi tubes in which the flow remains subsonic throughout the ‘measuring section and where the fluid can be considered as single-phase. In addition, each of these devices ‘can only be used within specified limits of pipe size, roughness, diameter ratio and Reynolds number. This part of !SO 5167 is not applicable to the measurement of pulsating flow. It does not cover the use of Venturi {ues in pipes sized less than 50 mm or mare than 1200 mm, or where the pipe Reynolds numbers are below 2x10 ‘This part of ISO 5167 deals withthe three types of classical Venturi tubes: a) cast; ) machined; } rough welded sheetiron, ‘A Venturi tube is a device which consists of a convergent inlet connected to a cylindrical throat which is in turn connected to a conical expanding section called the ‘divergent’, The differences between the values of the "uncertainty ofthe discharge coefficient forthe three types of classical Venturi tube show, on the one hand, the ‘number of results available for each type of classical Venturi tube and, on the other hand, the more or less precise definition of the geometric profile. The values are based on data collected many years ago. Venturi nozzles (and other nozzles) are dealt with in |SO 5187-3, NOTE 1 Research into the use of Vertu tubes in high-pressure gas [> 1 MPa ( > 10 ban is being cartied out at present (see References [1], [2], (9] in the Bibliography). In many eases for Venturi tubes with machined convergent ‘sections sischarge coeficients which lle outside the range predicted by this part of ISO S167 by 2 % or more have been found. For optimum accuracy Venturi tubes for use in gas should be calibrated over the required flowrate range. In high. Dressure gas the use of single tappings (or at most two tappings in each plane) is not uncommen, NOTE 2 _ Inthe USA the classical Ventur tube is sometimes called the Herschel Venturi tubeEN ISO 5167-4:2003 2 Normative references ‘The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. 1S0 4006:1991, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Vocabulary and symbols 1SO 5167-1:2003, Measurement of fuid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in circular ‘eross-section conduits running full — Part 1: General principles and requirements 3. Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4006 and ISO 5167-1 apply. 4 Principles of the method of measurement and computation ‘The principle of the method of measurement is based on the installation of a Venturi tube into a pipeline in which a fluid is running ful. n a Venturi tube a static pressure difference exists between the upstream section land the throat section of the device. Whenever the device is geometricaly similar to one on which direct calibration has been made, the conditions of use being the same, the flowrate can be determined from the ‘measured value of this pressure difference and from a knowledge of the fluid conditions. ‘The mass flowrate can be determined by the following formula: a The uncertainty limits can be calculated using the procedure given in Clause 8 of ISO 5167-1:2003, Similarly, the value of the volume flowrate can be calculated since an aw 2 where pis the fluid density atthe temperature and pressure for which the volume is stated, ‘Computation of the flowrate, which is a purely arithmetic process, is performed by replacing the different items fon the right-hand side of Equation (1) by their numerical values. Table A.1 gives Venturi tube expansibilly factors (:). They are not intended for precise interpolation, Extrapolation is not permitted. The diameters d and D mentioned in Equation (1) are the values of the diameters at working contitions, Measurements taken at any other conditions should be corrected for any possible expansion or contraction of the primary device and the pipe due to the values of the temperature and pressure of the fluid during the measurement. It is necessary to know the density and the viscosity of the fluid at working conditions. In the case of a ‘compressible fluid, itis also necessary to know the isentropic exponent of the fluid at working conditions,EN ISO 5167-4:2003 5 Classical Ventur tubes 5.1 Field of application 54.1 General ‘The field of application ofthe classical Venturi tubes dealt with in this part of ISO 5167 depends on the way in which they are manufactured, ‘Three types of standard classical Venturi tube are defined according to the method of manufacture of the internal surface of the entrance cone and the profile at the intersection of the entrance cone and the throat. These three methods of manufacture are described in 5.1.2 to 5.1.4 and have somewhat different characteristics, ‘There are limits to the roughness and Reynolds number for each type which shall be addressed. 5.1.2 Classical Venturi tube with an “as cast” convergent section This is a classical Venturi tube made by casting in a sand mould, or by other methods which leave a finish on the surface of the convergent section similar to that produced by sand casting, The throat is machined and the junctions between the cylinders and cones are rounded. ‘These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes of diameter between 100mm and 800 mm and with diameter ratios between 0,3 and 0,75 inclusive, 5.1.3 Classical Venturi tube with a machined convergent section This is a classical Venturi tube cast or fabricated as in 5.1.2 but in which the convergent section is machined as are the throat and the entrance cylinder. The junctions between the cylinders and cones may or may no! be rounded. ‘These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes of diameter between 50 mm and 250 mm and with diameter ratios between 0,4 and 0,75 inclusive, 8.1.4 Classical Venturi tube with a rough-wolded sheet-iron convergent section This is @ classical Venturi tube normally fabricated by welding. For larger sizes it may not be machined ifthe tolerance required in 5.24 can be achieved, but in the smaller sizes the throat is machined, These classical Venturi tubes can be used in pipes of diameter between 200 mm and 1200 mm and with diameter ratios between 0,4 and 0,7 inclusive, 5.2 General shape 5.21 Figure 1 shows a section through the centreline of the throat of a classical Venturi tube. The letters sed in the text refer to those shown on Figure 1 The classical Venturi tube is made up of an entrance cylinder A connected to a conical convergent section B, 4 cylindrical throat C and a conical divergent section €, The internal surface of the device is cylindrical and concentric with the pipe centreline. The coaxiality of the convergent section and the cylindrical throat is ‘assessed by visual inspection, 52.2 The minimum cylinder length, measured from the plane containing the intersection of the cone frustum B with the cylinder A, may vary as a result of the manufacturing process (see 5.2.8 to 5.2.10). Itis, however, recommended that it be chosen to be equal to D.EN ISO 5167~4:2003 The entrance cylinder diameter D shall be measured in the plane of the upstream pressure tappings, The ‘umber of measurements shall be at least equal to the number of pressure tappings (with a minimum of four), ‘The diameters shall be’ measured near each pair of pressure tappings, and also between these pairs. The arithmetic mean value of these measurements shall be taken as the value of D in the calculations. Diameters shall also be measured in planes other than the plane of the pressure tapings. No giameter along the entrance cylinder shall differ by more than 0,4 % from the value of the mean diameter. ‘This requirements satisfied when the difference in the length of any of the measured diameters complies with the said requirement with respect to the mean of the measured diameters, (05 s0,021a Key conical convergent E oylincical throat, © conical convergent 8 entrance cylinder A ‘connecting planes Tsests © Flow direction © s005.47 Figure 1 — Geometric profile of the classical Venturi tube5.2.3. The convergent section B shall be conical and shall have an included angle of 21° 1° forall types of Classical Venturi tube. Its imited upstream by the plane containing the intersection of the cone frustum B with the entrance to cylinder A (or their protongations) and downstream by the plane containing the intersection of the cone frustum B withthe throat C (or their prolgngations). ‘The overall length of the convergent & measured parallel to the centreline of the Venturi tube is therefore approximately equal to 2,7(D ~d) ‘The convergent section B is blended to the entrance cylinder A by a curvature of radius Ry, the value of which depends on the type of classical Venturi tube, The profile of the convergent section shall be checked by means of a template. The deviation between the template and the conical section of the convergent section shall not exceed, in any place, 0,004D. The intornal surface ofthe conical section of the convergent section is taken as being a surface of revolution if {wo diameters situated in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution do not differ from the value of the mean diameter by more than 0,4 %, shall be checked in the same way that the joining curvature witha radius Ry is a surface of revolution. 5.2.4 The throat C shall be cylindrical with a diameter d.Itis limited upstream by the plane containing the intersection of the cone frustum B with the throat C (or their prolongations) and downstream by the plane Containing the intersection of the throat C with the cone frustum € (or their prolongations). The length of the throat C, i the distance between those two planes, shall be equal to d + 0,03d whatever the type of classical Venturi tube. ‘The throat C is connected to the convergent section B by a curvature of radius R; and to the divergent section E bya curvature of radius Ry, The values of R, and 2 depend on the type of classical Venturi tube The diameter d shall be measured very carefully in the plane of the throat pressure tappings. The number of measurements shall be at least equal to the number of pressure tappings (with a minimum of four). The iameters shall be measured near each pair of pressure tapings and also between these pais, The arithmetic mean value ofall these measurements shall be taken as the value of din the calculations, Diameters shall also be measured in planes other than the plane of the pressure tappings. No diameter along the throat shall differ by more than 0,1 % of the value of the mean diameter. This ‘equirement is satisfied when the difference in the length of any of the measured diameters complies with the Said requirement in respect of the mean of the measured diameters. ‘The throat ofthe classical Venturi tube shall be machined or be of equivalent smoothness over the whole ofits length to the surface roughness specified in 5.2.7 It shall be checked that the joining curvatures into the throat with radii Ry and Ry are surfaces of revolution as described in 5.2.3, This requirement is satisfied when two diameters, situated in the same plane perpendicular to the axis of revolution, do not aiffer from the value of the mean diameter by more than 0,1 % ‘The values of the radii of curvature Rand Ry shall be checked by means of a template The deviation between the template and the classical Venturi tube shall evolve in a reguler way for each Curvature so that the single maximum deviation that is measured occurs at approximately migway along the tempiate profile. The value ofthis maximum deviation shall not exceed 0,02d. 5.2.5 The divergent section E shall be conical and may have an included angle, ¢, of between 7° and 15°. It is, however, recommended that an angle between 7° and 8° be chosen, Its smallest diameter shall at be less than the throat diameter. 5.2.6 A classical Venturi tube is called “truncated” when the outlet diameter of the civergent section is less than the diameter D and “not truncated when the outlet diameter is equal to diameter D. The divergent portion iran estes 5EN ISO 5167-4:2003 ‘may be truncated by about 35 % of its length without significantly modifying the pressure loss of the device or its discharge coefficient. 5.2.7 The roughness riterion fa, of the throat and that,of the adjacent curvature shall be as small as Possible and shall always be less than 10~4d. The divergent Section is rough cast, Its internal surface shall be ‘clean and smooth. Other pars of the classical Venturi tube have specified roughness limits depending on the type considered 5.2.8 The profile of the classical Venturi tube with an “as cast” convergent section has the following characteristics. ‘The internal surface of the convergent section B is sand cast. It shall be free from cracks, fissures, depressions, iregularties and impurities. The roughness criterion Ra forthe surface shall be less than 10D. ‘The minimum length of the entrance cylinder A shall be equal to the smaller ofthe following two values: = Dior — 0,250 + 250 mm (see 5.2.2) The intemal surface of the entrance cylinder A may be left “as cast’ provided that it has the same surface finish as the convergent section B, ‘The radius of curvature R, shall be equal to 1,375D + 0,278D. i The radius of curvature R shall be equal to 3,6254 + 0,1254, The length ofthe cylindrical part of the throat shall be no less than d/3. In addition, the length of the cylindrical part between the end of the joining curvature itz and the plane of the pressure tappings, as well as the length of the cylindrical part between the plane of the throat pressure tappings and the beginning of the joining curvature fs, shall be no less than di6 (see also 5.2.4 for the throat lenath). The radius of curvature Ry shall ie between Sd and 15d. Its value shall increase as the divergent angle decreases. A value close to 10d is recommended. 5.2.9 The profile of the classical Venturi tube with a machined convergent section has the following characteristics, ‘The minimum length of the entrance cylinder A shall be equal to D. ‘The radius of curvature shall be less than 0,250 and preferably equal to zero. The radius of curvature Rp shall be less than 0,250 and preferably equal to zero. ‘The length of the throat cylindrical part between the end of the curvature Ry and the plane of the throat pressure tappings shall be no less than 0,25¢. The length ofthe throat cylindrical part between the plane of the throat pressure tapings and the beginning of the joining curvature Ry shall be no less than 0,24. ‘The radius of curvature Re shall be less than 0,25d and preferably equal to ze. The entrance cyinder and the convergent section shall have a surface finish equal to that of the throat (see 5.27). 5.2.40 The profile of the classical Venturi tube with a rough-welded sheetiron convergent section has the following characteristics,EN ISO 5167-4:2003 ‘The minimum length of the entrance cylinder A shall be equal to D. There shall be no joining curvature between the entrance cylinder A and the convergent section 8 other than that resulting from welding, A There shall be no joining curvature between the convergent section 8 and the throat C other than that resulting from welding, There shall be no joining curvature between the throat C and the divergent section E. ‘The intemal surface of the entrance cylinder A and the convergent section B shall be clean and free from ‘encrustation and welding deposits. it may be galvanized. ts roughness criterion Ra shall be about 5 « 10-4, The internal welded seams shall be flush with the surrounding surfaces. They shall not be located in the Vicinity of the pressure tapings. 5.3 Material and manufacture 5.3.1 The classical Venturi tube may be manufactured from any material, provided that itis in accordance ‘withthe foregoing description and will remain so during use. 5.32 I is also recommended that the convergent section 8 and the throat C be joined as one part. tis recommended that in the case of a classical Venturi tube with a machined convergent, the throat and the Convergent section be manufactured from one piece of material if, however, they are made in two separate Parts they shail be assembled before the internal surface is finally machined, 53.3 Particular care shall be given to the centring of the divergent section E on the throat. There shall be rho step in diameters between the two parts, This can be established by touch bafore the classical Venturi tube is installed, but after the divergent section has been assembled withthe throat section. 5.4 Pressure tapings 8.4.1 |The upstream and throat pressure tappings shall be made in the form of separate pipe wall pressure tappings interconnected by annular chambers, piezometer rings or, if there are four tapings, a “tiple-T™ arrangement (see 5.4.3 of ISO 5167-1:2003), 54.2 fds greater than or equal to 33,3 mm, the diameter of these tappings shall be between 4 mm and 10 mm and moreover shall never be greater than 0,1D for the upstream tapings and 0.131 for the treat pressure tapings, If dis less than 33,3 mm, the diameter of the throat pressure tappings shall be between 0,1d and 0,13¢ and the diameter of tne upstream pressure tappings shall be between 0,1 and 0,10, Its recommended that pressure tappings be as small as compatiole with the fluid be used (for example, with its viscosity and cleanness), 5.4.3 Atleast four pressure tappings shall be provided for the upstream and throat pressure measurements, ‘The centrelines of the pressure tappings shall meet the centreline of the classical Venturi tube, shall form ‘equal angles with each other and shall be contained in planes perpendicular to the centreline of the classical Venturi tube. 5.4.4 At the point of break-through, the hole of the pressure tapping shall be circular. The edges shall be flush with the pipe wall and free from burs. If joining curvatures are required, the radius shall not exceed ‘one-tenth of the diameter of the pressure tapping,EN ISO 5167~4:2003 5.4.8 The pressure tappings shall be cylindrical over a length at least 25 times the internal diameter of the tapping, measured from the inner wall ofthe pipeline. 54.6 Conformity of the pressure tappings with the two, foregoing requirements is assessed by visual inspection. 5A7 The spacing of a pressure tapping is the distance, measured on a straight line parallel to the Centreline of the classical Venturi tube, between the centreline of the pressure tapping and the reference planes defined below. For the classical Venturi tube with an ‘as cast” convergent section, the spacing between the upstream pressure tappings situated on the entrance eyiinder and the plane of intersection between the prolongatione of the entrance cylinder A and the convergent section B shall be — 05D+0,25D for 100 mm 0,75. Values of the expansibilty [expansion] factor for a range of isentropic exponents, pressure ratios and diameter ratios are given for convenience in Table A.1. These values are not intended for precise interpolation, Extrapolation is not permitted.EN ISO 5167-4:2003 5.7 Uncertainty of the discharge coefficient C 5.74 Classical Venturi tube with an “as cast” convergent section ‘The relative uncertainty ofthe discharge coefficient as given in 5.5.2 is equal to 0,7 5.7.2. Classical Venturi tube with a machined convergent section ‘The relative uncertainty ofthe discharge coefficient a given in 65.3 is equal to 1 % 5.7.3. Classical Venturi tube with a rough-welded sheet.iron convergent section The relative uncertainty ofthe discharge coefficient as given in $5.4 is equal to 1.5%. 5.8 Uncertainty of the expansibility [expansion] factor © ‘The relative uncertainty of cis equal to (4>to098}22 ms 5.8 Pressure loss i 594 Det n of the pressure loss (see Figure 2) ‘The pressure loss caused by a classical Venturi tube may be determined by pressure measurements made prior and subsequent to the installation of the Venturi tube in a pipe through which there is @ given flow. If apis the difference in pressure, measured prior to the installation of the Venturi tube, between two pressure tappings one of which is situated at least D upstream of the flanges where the Venturi tube wil be inserted and the other of which is 6D downstream of the same flanges, and if ap” is the difference in pressure measured between the same pressure tappings after installation of the Venturi tube between these flanges, then the pressure loss caused by the Venturi tube is given by ap" ~ ap" 5.9.2 Relative pressure loss The relative pressure loss, é isthe ratio ofthe pressure loss Ap” ~ Ap'to the diferential pressure Ap: ga eet ‘ap depends, in particular, on — the diameter ratio (¢ decreases when / increases); — the Reynolds number (Z decreases when Rep increases); — the manufacturing characteristics of the Venturi tube: angle of the divergent, manufacturing of the convergent, surface finish of the different parts, etc (Fincreases when wand RaiD increase); — the installation consitions (good alignment, roughness of the upstream conduit, etc). For guidance, the value of the relative pressure loss can be accepted as being generally between 5 % and 20%,EN ISO 5167-4:2003 ‘Annex C gives, for guidance only, some information on the effect of these different factors on the values the pressure loss ¢ is likely to have, . > (60) =) 4p" ap" I T t | j * | | | 20 = i I | | | | | = = + ® Pressure oss > Direction of ow Figure 2 — Pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube 6 Installation requirements 61 General General_ instalation requirements for pressure differential devices are contained in Clause 7 of 1SO 5167-1:2003 and should be followed in conjunction with the additional specific installation requirements for Venturi tubes given in this clause. The general requirements for flow conditions at the primary device are given in 7.3 of ISO 5167-1:2003. The requirements for use of a flow conditioner are given in 7.4 of ISO 5167-1:2003. For some commonly used fittings as specified in Table 1 the minimum straight lengths of pipe indicated may be used. Detailed requirements are given in 6.2. Many of the lengths given in 6.2 are bbased on data included in Reference [4] ofthe Bibliography, 6.2 Minimum upstream and downstream straight lengths for installation between various. fittings and the Venturi tube 6.2.4 The minimum straight lengths of pipe to be installed upstream of the classical Venturi tube and following the various fitings in the installation without flow conditioners are given in Table 1. For devices with the same f, the lengths specified in Table 1 for classical Venturi tubes are shorter than those specified in ISO 5167-2 and iSO 5167-3 for orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi nozzles. This is due to the attenuation of flow non-uniformities taking place within the contraction section of the ‘lassical Venturi tube. However in considering the overall installation length for the classical Venturi tube the ‘additional pipe lenath required to accommodate the primary device itself shall be taken into account. 6.2.2. When a flow conditioner is not used, the lengths specified in Table 1 shall be regarded as the ‘minimum values. For research and calibration work in particular, it is recommended that the upstream values specified in Table 1 be increased by at least a factor of 2 to minimize the measurement uncertainty,EN ISO 5167-4:2003 6.2.3 When the upstream straight length used is equal to or longer than the value specified in columns A of Table 1 for “zero additional uncertainty” and the downstream straight length is equal to or longer than the value specified in Table 1, it is not necessary to increase the uncertainty in discharge coefficient to take account ofthe effect ofthe particular installation : Table 1 — Required straight lengths for classical Venturi tubes Values expressed as multiples of intemal diameter D ‘Two or ] Diamar | sagean | Sean’ | bie | atowo | Sooo | Senter | hy “rae ” Bitorent | “URES | Tener | lengtot | ingth ato] open ‘The minimum straight lengths quired are the lengths between various fitings loceted upstream of the classical Venturi tube and the classical Venturi tube itsel. Slraight langths shall be measured from the downstream end of the curved potion of tha nearest (or only) bend or the downsveam end ef the curvad or conical portion ofthe reducer or expander tothe upstream preseure tapping plane ofthe classical Ventur tube, If temperature pockets or wals are installed upstream of the classical Venturi tube, thay shall not exceed 0,130 in slameter and shall be located at least 4 upstream of the upstream tapping plane ofthe Ventul tube. For downstream straight lengths, flings or cthersisturbances (as insicated inthis Table) oF densitometer pockets siluated at least four throat dlameters downsiroam af the throat pressure tapping plane do not affect the aceuracy of the measurement (see 6.2.3 and 6.25) The radius of curva of the bond shal be grater han or equal tothe pipe ame Column A foreach ting gies lens crrospancing to "zor adaltonal uncertainty" values (eee 6.23) © Column 8 foreach fiting gv longs covresponding a0. % adeltonal uncertainty” values (280 6.2.4), 4 The straight length in Column A gives zero addtional uncentainy: data are not avalable fo shorter straight lengths which could be used io lv De requed alg lenge for Column 8 6.24 When the upstream straight length is shorter than the value corresponding to “zero additional Uncertainty’ shown in columns A and either equal to or greater than the “0,5 % additional uncertainty" value shown in columns 8 of Table 1 for a given iting, an additional uncertainty of 0,5% shall be added arithmetically to the uncertainty in the discharge coefficient. 6.2.8 This part of ISO 5167 cannot be used to predict the value of any additional uncertainty when the upstream straight length is shorter than the "0,5 % additional uncertainty’ values specified in columns B of ‘Table 1 or when the downstream straight length is shorter than the value specified in the text in Table 1EN ISO 5167-4:2003 6.2.6 The valves included in Table 1 shall be set fully open during the flow measurement process. It is recommended that control of the flowrate be achieved by valves located downstream of the Venturi tube. Isolating valves located upstream of the Ventufi tube shall be set fully open, and these valves shall be full bore, The vaive should be fitted with stops for alignment ofthe ball or gate in the open pasition. The valve is of the ‘same nominal diameter as the upstream pipework but of a different bore diameter from the adjacent pipework. 6.2.7 _In the metering system, upstream valves which are match bored to the adjacent pipework and are 0,755), it has been noted that the spread of measured discharge coefficients is wider than for smaller diameter ratios. Hence an increase in the uncertainty on the discharge coefficient should be assumed, In order to allow an assessment of the uncertainty on the flowrate, it is recommended to double the Uncertainty on C when is greater than the maximum permissible value. B.3 Influence of the Reynolds number Rep, B.3.1 General The influence of the Reynolds number Rep varies according to the type of classical Venturi tube. It is shown bya variation in the discharge coefficient and by an increase in the uncertainty 8.3.2 Classical Venturi tube with an “as cast” convergent section When Rep decreases below 2 x 108, the discharge coefficient C decreases and the uncertainty increases. When Rep increases above 2 x 108, the discharge coefficient does not appear to change with Reynolds ‘number nor does the uncertainty. For an approximate estimation of the flowrate, the values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty siven as guidance in Table B.1 may be used, '5)_ Values given below are based on tests carried out on Venturi tubes of diameter ratio up t0 0.8EN ISO 5167-4:2003 ‘Table B.1 — Values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty as a function of Rep Uncertainty Rep te % 4x 104 0.987 25 6 104 0.966 2 4 108 0.976 18 15108 0.982, 1 8.3.3 Classical Venturi tube with a machined convergent section When Rep decreases below 2 x 105, itis often found that there is a small increase in the discharge coefficient C before there is a steady decrease with decreasing Rep. The uncertainty on C increases slowiy at first then rapidly increases. In terms of throat Reynolds number e,, the position of the local maximum of the values of C corresponds to values of Re, lying between 2 x 108 and 4 x 108, When Rep increases above 108, the pattern of C as a function af Reynolds number is not very predictable ‘Sometimes there is a slight increase in C with Reynolds number, sometimes there is a substantial but gradual increase; sometimes there is a substantial and sudden increase, Itis believed that there is sufficient evidence available to justify the statement thatthe discharge coefficient of this type of Venturi tube is a function of Re, (the Reynolds number based on the throat diameter) and net a function of Rep. The results available show that better correlation is achioved in terms of Re, than in terms of Rep, In order to allow an assessment of the flowrate the values of the discharge coefficient and the uncertainty, given as guidance in Table B.2, may De used. Table B.2— Values of the discharge coetticient C and the uncertainty as a function of Rey Uneertainty* Reg c % 5x08 0.870) 3 1108 0977 25 2 108 0.992 25 36 108 0.998 18 5x 108 to 10% 0,995 1 108 to2 « 108 1.000 2 2x 108 to 108 1.010 3 For low Reynolds numbers, tha spread of the experimental ents fs not a Gaussian ‘strbuton the mean deviation of rests smaller than the mean vive Cf ¢ being greats than tht of eater value, © 119.067, horeis a diferance between he values of discharge coofent and uncertainty for ‘ey 3» 10° recommonded inthis table and howe in 553 and 5.7.2 cat 19EN ISO 5167-4:2003 B.3.4 Classical Venturi tube with a rough-welded sheet-iron convergent section ‘The influence of the Reynolds number is as described below, When Rep decreases below 2 x 105 the discharge coefficient C decreases slightly while the uncertainty on C Increases, Although there is relatively less information on this type of Venturi tube, the values of the discharge coefficient and the uncertainty, given as guidance in Table B.3, may be used to obtain an estimate of the flowrate. ‘The cischarge coefcient does not appear to change when Rep is greater than 2 x 108 Above Rep = 2 « 108, itis advisable to take the uncertainty as equal to2 %. ‘Table B.3 — Values of the discharge coefficient C and the uncertainty as a function of Rep Uncertainty Rep © % 4x10 0.98 3 ox 108 087 25 4108 0.98 25 B.3.5 Classical Venturi tube with a profile as defined for an “as cast” convergent section but with the entrance cylinder and convergent section machined This Venturi tube has the same profile as defined in 5.2.8 with the exception that the entrance cylinder A and the convergent section B are machined so that they have a relative roughness Ra less than both 5 « 10"2D and 15 um. The pipe upstream of the entrance cylinder has the same roughness as the entrance cylinder over ‘length of atleast 2D upstream of the entrance cylinder. When Rep increases above 3,2 10%, the discharge coefficient does not appear to change with Reynolds ‘number nor does the uncertainty {In order to allow an assessment of the flowrate the values of the discharge cosfficient and the uncertainty, given as guidance in Table B.4, may be used. Table 6.4 — Values of the discharge coefficient Cand the uncertainty as a function of Rep Uncertainty Rep © % 108 0.963 25 6 104 0978 2 108 0980 18 45% 105 0.887 7 2108105 «108 0.992, 1 5x 10510 3.2% 108 0.985 7 ferEN ISO 5167-4:2003 B.4 Effects of the relative roughness Ra/D B.4.1 Roughness of the classical Venturi tube It can be said that an increase in the convergent section roughness reduces the discharge coefficient C. Classical Venturi tubes with a machined convergent section seem to be more sensitive to this effect than classical Venturi tubes with an ‘as cast’ or rough-welded sheet-iron convergent section, ‘The pressure loss of the Venturi tube is also increased by an increase in the roughness. B.4.2 Roughness of the upstream pipe ‘An increase in the roughness of the upstream pipe produces an increase in the discharge coefficient C of the 10° os : | o om of 03 0, 05 oP . a 2 | i ~~ ; mK i | 0 | i 105 2 34 S 678510 2 Rep x ») & T T T : La 4 | | rp——_|_ | 1 | : L i 0 03. ~«kSC«SSSCSSC B °) Figure C.1 — Values of the pressure loss across a classical Venturi tube eee ar 23EN ISO 5167-4:2003 fa a 3] 4 5] 6 m 8 Bibliography YAMIESON, AW., JOHNSON, P. A., SPEARMAN, EP. and SaTTARY, J.A. Unpredicted Behaviour of Venturi Flowmeter in Gas at High Reynolds Numbers. In Proc. 14th North Sea Flow Measurement Workshop, Peebles, Scotland, paper 5, 1996, VAN WEERS, T., VANDER BEEK, M.P. and LANOHEER, LJ. Cyfactor of Classical Venturi: Gaming Technology? In Proc. Sth Int. Conf. on Flow Measurement, FLOMEKO, Lund, Sweden, June 1998, pp. 203-207 READER-HaRRs, MJ, BRUNTON, W.C., GIBSON, J.J., HODGES, D. and NICHOLSON, LG, Venturi tube discharge coefficients. In Proc. 4th Int. Symposium’ on Fluid Flow Measurement, Denver, Colorado, June 1999 READER-HARRIS, M.J., BRUNTON, W.C. and SATTARY, J. A. Installation effects on Venturi tubes, In Proc. of ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, Vancouver, Canada, FEDSMS7-3016, June 1997. New York: American Sociely of Mechanical Engineers ISO/TR 3313:1988, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits — Guidelines on the effects of flow pulsations on flow-measurement instruments ISO 4288:1998, Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) — Surface texture: Profle method — Rules ind procedures for the assessment of surtace texture ISO/TR 5168:1998, Measurement of fluid flow — Evaluation of uncertaintios, ISO/TR 9464:1998, Guidelines for tho use of ISO 5167-1:1991EN ISO 5167-4:2003 Annex ZA (normative) Normative references to'international publications with their relevant European publications This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions trom other Publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the Publications are sted hereatter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of ‘any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred 10 ‘applies (including amendments). NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common macifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD apples. Publication Year Tile EN Year 1S04006 1991 Measurement of fluid flow in closed EN 24006 1993 ‘conduits - Vocabulary and symbols 180 5167-1 2003 Measurement of fluid flow by means of ENISOS167-1 2008, pressure differential devices inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full - Part 1: General principles and requirementsBS EN ISO 5167-4:2003 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level. 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