A DD

RateMeasure
Approximation
Tangent Normals
Monotonicity
Maxima Minima
Rate Measure

Average change of y wot change in se If

Instantaneouschange differentialchange

of y w.r.t.se
egg
9 g displacement

f V velocity

If a acceleration

If J Jerk

is mentioned
if in a given problem only rate of change
then take the rate ofchange wir t time

is increasing
If a
Quantity Let'ssayQ1
the
then the rate
of change of a writ time will be
ie dog so value to be taken with thesign

Q is decreasing
If a Quantity Let's say
then the rate of changeof d w rt time will be re

ie got co value to be taken with resign

 acceleration at the time when
S
E Gt find the
ie tends to Zero
velocity vanishes
I
It
velocity re
If
a
If
t 6 at this instant
V O A 256 unit see

body is decreasing at the

The length se
of rectangular

Gem find the rate of

of 4cm min When 2 8 em y
change of
a Perimeter
Is Area of rectangle
ga
I
41 dg Et 2 Tf 4cm7min
y
y 21 5 41
y 2 cm min

Ierimeter is decreasing at therateof

2cm win
I A say
 It a
It g
It
8 41 61 5
I am4min

I The radius the base of cone is increasing atthe rate

of at the rate
of 3cm min the altitude is decreasing of
is
4cm min At what rate lateral surface Area changing
when the radius is 7cm altitude is 24cm Alsofindthe

rate of volume at this instant

of change
3cm min
I 44
1 4cmtwin

garth
Ffr.gg h
r
If
I 2.7 3.24 49.1 41

I 7.116 8131cm min

A A r l
T T The

11 a
II tent
r.jp dtthdt

7.23 7.34241
A 3.1251 41

75J
T 75
IF
 54A em min

leans
A ladder 5m long standing on a horizontal ground
against a vertical wall If the top ofthe ladder slides
at the rate 10 am see then find the rate
downward of
the ground the ladder is
at which the angle between
when the lower end the ladder is 2m
decreasing of
away from the wall
Yy e lo em s T.fm is
110 am If when 2 2
y
1 or
Sino
F
as
n
coso.EE IIE
If Faso to
it

When 2 2
41 got sad 1sec
0.05rad 1sec
Angle is decreasing
whose
E if water is poured into an invested hollow cone measured
its depth
semi vertical angle is 30 such that
the
along the axis increases at the rate of Lcm see find
the
rate at which the volume of water increases when
the
depth is 24cm Alsofind the rate of change oftopof
surface area of water at that instant
 water
at
f it'emise
tan30
E
9 538
ÉÉÉ
y fath
I h
Ig 34241
24 L
Ig3
192T Cm see
A Are
A
tf
EE En.EE
213 24 L
IGACm see
A man 1.6m high walks at the rate of 30m min away
above the
from a lamp which is 4m ground
I How fast does the man's shadow lengthening
I At what rate the tip of the shadow moving
Soft 30m min
If
am
1GM
tano
IF In
of 29 22 52
IIFlength of shadow 32 24
 I 3
If 2
If
x 30
4
20m win

I let the tip of shadow be a m

away
from foot of lamp
L xty
Ez If It
20 30
50m min

h a rt b

en ra g ga

a82138 3
GE a
E
v Ar h 3
V 3A 23 22
If a
dry
a b
3 a 382 28 de
If dt
3.62.12 6
I 3T
JI
JI 3
CmIs
 When 8 36 em
34 3.362 2 36
y
fly
3 36 119
33 Cmb see
N r

acircle with a speed of 20km hr

E A horse runs along
at the centre the circle Afence is along
A lantern is of
at which the
the tangent to the circle at the point
the
horse starts The speed with which the shadow of
when
horse moves the fence at the moment
along
it covers 48thof the circle in km hr

I 20 44 40 C 30 d 60

H stand
x

r W Seco
used

1 20 2

Gokm her
Marginal Rate
In Economics marginal rate is the rate of changeof
economic variable say revenue profit cost per
any
additional unit product price
of another variable say
Clay is total cost function associated with the production
if
se unit then
of
Clas
Marginal costs
the
if Roel is total
revenue function received after
sale
of a unit then
Real
Marginal revenue In

Marginal cost
fat
10 3
I 10 4

at K 1200
10
10 4.420013
Marginalcost
0 6912
 Approximation
Lett y feat
y tay f later

ay fix tax flat

As an o

CETTE
an
ay dog

Ig an feetany fee
features feast adf.cn

I find the approximate value of

H V25.12
fix Fe

flatan first day an

Jet
Jax gz.cn
put 25
2
42 012
525.12 5 x 10.12

50012
3
I 6
2113
fix
 fix tax first II ax

Getan at t
3 3
H

put see 27
42 1

26 3 3 t
I.tl
2.962
as Sem with
I if the radius
of the sphere is measured
of 0.03cm then findthe approximate
an error error

in calculating its volume

8 9 em
VE 43 83

are II ar

Gar ar
4 t 81 0.03

9.72 a em
Tangents Normals
Some points on Tangents Normals

L is not a tangent to the cure

Y
Lis tangent to curve at P

I'M

i tangent name
P M

h Lis tangent to cure at P

MY intersects the curve at M

L his tangent to came at P

Mf is Normal to cure at M

L is tangent to cure at P
r
 x axis y 0 istangent Normal
to the cure at origin

P Y axis x o is tangent Normal

to cure at origin

A Normal Line at a point is I to thetangent at that point

Equation Tangents Normal

of

f
slopeof tangent line at P Mt Yale y
of Normal line at p Mn

Equation at P
of Tangent
2 21
Y Y My
at P
Equation
of Normal
Y Y MN se se
 to x axis
if tangent is parallel
My or
o
did o

if tangentis parallel to y axis

Mt is undefined

or
dye is undefined

or
g 0

Lengthof Tangent Normal Sub Tangent Sub Normal

Y fuel

ji

i 84,01 City data o

pl yEy o

Eq ofTangent at P y Y yelp se se
Tofind M duty o

se se Liddy p
Eg of Normal at P Y Y x se
1g
Tofind N Put Y
se se gift
 Length
of Tangent PM
lyil.TT
Lengthof Subtangent 0M Yidyl

Lengthof Normal PM
HAIGH
Subnormal ON Yi dyal
Length
of
Parametric Coordinates forsome Cures

Came Darametrie Coordinates

Tty a2 x acoso y asino

R h Cy k al se htacoso y ktasino
acoso y bsino
12 42 1 k

2 42 2 x aseco
y btano

y Yan at y zat
at y hat
YE ya se

Yay K x zat y at
eat at
NE Yay n y

13 423 9213 y asin3d se aces'd

Ja asino se acosy
Betsy y
 Ian 4,1 1 x acosho y asinine

5 yet
y 2,3
2

Angle between the Curves

G Angle between the cures is defined
as the
angle between their tangents

I
IT at the point

MT
41
of intersection
fore

MTz Ital fore

Acute angle between the cure is given by

tano MT M T2
I t MT MTz

to
said to be orthogonal
if 0 90 then curves are
each other

U
MT.me

If Shortest distance between two curves always occur

along the common Normal
ane
I find the equation ofTangent Normal to the curve
x3 1 a 21 at the point where the curve cuts
y
the x axis

y Rt x 2 Cuts the X axis at

put yo
2 1 2
P 1,0 P2 2,01
3 2 x 2 23 1 L
2
4x3 622 1

atIm is
Eq ofTangent Y o 3 x D
Y 3K 3 a

Eg of Normal H O 13 se 1

3y R I N

ftp

y
o 7 x 21
EgrofTangent y
Y FU IY W

Eg Normal x 2
of y o

set 2 w
Fy
E find the equation of Normal to the cure 4 535 2

at the point where tangent is vertical

 2

gas
Ese Ig
flag tangentis vertical at P
m undefined Yelp

TY p 0

TI o

3
2 4
2
PLZ
Eg ofNormal at P 31 2

Y 2 0 2 3
Y 2 0 a

7
to

P lies on cure
ye costety
y 0
Y cos se

Indians dig sinkety it dye

En's sincerity
MET fyfe I sin laity
3
Isin Laity It Sinfeity
SMG ty I
se ty CentDEz hes
 Rut in ego
Y cos DE
Y O
se In DE
N E EZA ZA
K
Iz 352

at Ezio Eg ofTangent
Y 0 512 E
at 31 o Eg of tangent
Y O 2 2 32

I find the equation of

all the lines having slope
to 3 to cure
equal being tangent
K y2 4
5 y
plies on the circle
sty 2 0
my
arty 4
2 24 0
2

Irl y 3

Y se 3g
from
2
gy 9,2 4
y
 y E or
y JE 1 355 JJ
2 353 or a 3 355 53

Eg of Tangents Cy fg 3 2 353

4 15 3 a 315
WE find equation of Normal to the came
sexy
which passesthrough 1 2

HEYY
plies on Aime
ki Gy
pianist 22
494
Avid My at P
It
tnx at P 22 MPA

Joint is 12 1 24 2 2 y
2x
M Y 2
Egkof Normal
from
Y 1 16 2
2,2 4.3
sexy 3 a
2,3 8
I H 2
y I
 If p Ipa be the lengths
of perpendiculars fromorigin
on the normal to the came 243 4213 9213
tangent
respectively Then 4 pitta
1 2
x 3 42133 9213 laws asinsa
2 acog'd

9930 asing y asino

EYE i no

i
is Enlai sing
Eq oftangent y asin30 single acosso
Wsd asin3o.coso sina.net acosoSind
y
asinotycoso asif o w

Eq ofNormal y asino ago x acos30

sina.y asinko coso.se acosta

tacos 20 0 a
xcosoty.si no
10 0
Asifa
P
asia
Atma
Pa
15 9 101 laces201

4pptp.EE Asin220 926220

at Q
 by 12 2933
At the point bed y
se y
I p by 2 zap
y.y.gg
Tal 345ft
Lengthof subtangent St Li day

Ya 3Éza
Ital foment
la teal

Lengthof Sub Normal SN 41 Ida

4
31 11
32,12 2032
 Inky
C Y uan
Cz K 4by
p
E Ea by
44 6492b y
y 43 64926
0
3
8 0 or y 4 a2b
2 0 or 2 4 5 3
3 3
Proto P2 4 5 462b
forC ft 2g
for G date
Fb
At P 10,01
Me Undefined
Tangentisvertical passing through origin Y axis
M T2 0

Tangent is Horizontal passing n n x axis

Angle betweentangents go
At P X4 521113 4 b 3

MT Gig m 2
33
 1

no laughed xfffgaris

no
t.IE ml
Acuteanglebetween the cure at Pa
t 3 bB
O tan
2 943 543

Cz 3Ny y b let the P O I beP K y

III
fora my.gr naydEn

MT at P
IIg
E
KEEF
for G 31 22.4 3 22
42 34242 0

Cry 2 data any

 D
Meat 22 2
MT MT I
Cumes are orthogonal

W
P lies on the came

42 2 9,2 2 2

0
a 9 24 1
2

he
in If f
Y 21
y P
shortestdistance
2

If t

tired me at point in to
mix at point N
 mine

2 71 44 titz

31K
3

Slope ofTangent at M Slopeof Normal at N slopeofline MN

ᵗ ᵗ
ts

tiᵗ 3 titz tf 2 tz t titz

titz t 2122 0
2
1 tf 2 0

for t 52 M 6,452 4 tf 2 0

Eqtof St Line Tangent atm

t 2 titi 0

Y 452 52 2 6 w
or tie
EE 2
IX
for t 52 M 6 454 t D or t 52
EgkofSt line tangent atm te or to
E 2 6 w
4 452
 1 IF LÉ sect tant

715 TI p If 3
2 1
Tangent at P
Y I 12CK 2

set 2g 4 a

Curve se It tan t
y I
It
x I
ytz
R o I
of tangent came to get a
4 24 1
Fz
442243 441
243 342 1 0

y L or
y i

x 5

Point 015 2
POI FEET 321 mile
HE Monotonocity

Mghotominic
function
tone
single function is either onlyincreasing
or onlydecreasing

y feel

u L
flat is monoticallyincreasing fix is montonicallydecreasing

g feel

My tie

flat is non monotonic fin is non monotonic

Monotonocity in an Internal

Strictly increasing function

y feel

i
 A function f is said to be monotonically

increasing strictly increasing in an interval I it

24222 flu C flat V H KEI

Increasing Non Decreasing function

iii i
42

A function said to be increasing non decreasing

f is
in an interval I if
2,222 fix e firs F X KzE I

strictly decreasing function

find

tiny t É
I ji
A funition f is said to be strictlydecreasingfunction
in an interval I if
2,222 fly f Rz V Ni NEI
 Decreasing or Non Increasing function

flat
fast I
y
2

A function said to be decreasing or non

f is
increasing in an Internal I if
X C 22
fix 2 7142 VH K E I

Note
Monotone
city has nothing to do with the continuity
a function is either
differentiability of function If
a
it
discontinous or non differentiable at a point may be
increasing decreasing at that point
TY Monotonocity at a Point

A function f is monotonically

Iii
ft't increasing at
f la n a
a point
flat flath
sea if

n
jigging
where no
 Afunction f is said to be
monotonically decreasing at a

point sea if
flatn f la h s flag s f lath

a ah
i se ath
Where h o

fear
flath
feat
flan flath flan
it
i
n a
function is neither increasing fix is neither
increasing nor
nor
decreasing at sea decreasing at sea

i fa ni
flat g
Il flath
fin
n a
is montonically in iseasing at 2 9
Ila
fix ismontonicallydecreasing at
2 9

fa ni
flathi
I fan
flat
go
go
flat flatn to
sea
fires is neither inireasingnordecreasing
I a
finsis montonicallydecreasingat 2 9
at Kea
Interval Decrease for differentiablefunction
of Increase or

A function f is said to be strictly increasing in an

interval I
if
f x o f KEI

Provided f a o is not for an interval

eg fix 23

f ex 30
Also f ke o only for 2 0

g fix is strictly increasing function

A function f is said to be strictly decreasing in an

interval I
if
f se so FREI

Provided f a o is not for an interval

A function internal I
f is increasing in an

if film o Tres

s f'm o can form an internal

 I
A function f is decreasing in an internal

if f into Ares

s f'm o can form an internal

A constant function is neither increasing nor decreasing

E i show that the function f givenby

3214 12 3
fix 35 4 x seer is strictlyincreasing
on R
443 45 2
Is find the interval in which fin 1682 16 is

a
strictly increasing
b n decreasing

14
Inge
film o tu ER
fix is strictly increasing on R

I f x 4 3 4522 1682 16

f 2 1222 90 168
6 222 152 28
G 2K 7 R 4

I it
for strictlyincreasing f'm so
HE 1 a 23014,01
for strictly decreasing fila to
see a

Sindsetcode is
Internal in which feel
in increasing
it decreasing
Where NE fo I
film 4 sina.com 4632 sink
4sinsecosse sink cosy
2 sin 2x cos2x

sing of Kt E
Of 4K 25

f f a

increasing for O Ela za or NE EE

decreasing for OEO a or see
0,5

f'm fo
sinsetduesa acorn bsink lasinetbasse cash d sink
go
Sinn dresser
 data
jane be sinset a
I bds.in 2x
I qintntad sink be cos22 Irina to

ad bc f o

fly 1 ed t r e 4 2N
m
W et I x 222

x H 2
ex 2 2 1

ed Y 22 1 In 1

WE
f em o ther
w f'as isstrictlyincreasing Freer

g se 70

a please o

f se s fila N
D K 2 2
2x 2
se I

a 0
y
farina
222 Intel n to
 4K te se so
If
f 42 L Rco

data 4K be 5240

941
Rattled
It
Increasing in o U 10
I
decreasingin C a 2 U lost
Some Important points

strictlyincreasing on a then
if fix is continous b

Minmralue fire flag

of

y
Maxm n a fin f b

A b

strictlydecreasing on Fa then
b
if fins is continous
me
of fealty
Maxim n n
flat flag
sea
 Increasing Decreasing for composition of the function
feel goes fogies gotta fofise gogh
inc inc inc inc inc inc

inc dec dec dec inc inc

dec inc dec dec inc inc

inc inc inc

dec dec inc

eg fini ine
g a dec
se Hz
glad glad
fight f 181421
if flu is monotonicallyincreasing or monotonicallydecreasing
in an Internal ft exist then film
will also be

monotonicallyincreasing or monotonicallydecreasingrespectively

eg yen
 Comparison of two functions
To compare two functions f x gas
let her fix goes

Then find h'm check the monotonicityof him

Then use the basic definition increasing decreasing
of
i.e
forincreasing se sea
fade first
K x2
ie
for decreasing
fix find
E RT se sink A Nero E
Let flag se sink

film I ask
25in22270

fix is strictly inc in o

E
K 0

fix flott facto E

a sins o
se sink
Which one is greater e'or re et at
fix se n o

In flu te tnx
 he time gens
f n set I na

x2
t
s
j g
fix is strictly dec in e as

a e

fac f le
at c ete

a es et
HE
Maxima Minima
Basic Definition

Critical points

points where f a o or fix is undefined or does not

at a point or
exist Graphically fix forms a sharp edge
it has a vertical tangent at the point

Stationary points
are called stationaryfaints
points where f x o

Turning points

point where film changes its sign are called

turning point

I
it
sea is see Id see
Critical points K a bc d e

stationarypoints x a b c

x a b c id
Turning points
I find the critical points stationary points turningpoints
for the function fix foe2143 22 1

fix 2543 122 1 2 2 3.2

312
21213
t 2 4
374,53
42 2 62 72

312 21113

IIE
Criticalpoints K 12

Stationarypoint 2 75

Turning point
2
7,2
LocalMaxima
sea is a point of Local maxima if
fluff la f x in the neighbourhood of 2 9

flat flat fla hi where his sufficiently

j flax small the value

pea is the pointof local maxima

a ay
 flag fla h t
flat fear flatus
in se a is the pointof localmaxima

Local Maxima
t is also called as Relative maxima pointof
maxima maxima
Value function at this point is called as Local
of the
Maximum value

Local maxima at endpoints

ta ta a a b both points

i
flu f by are points
of
Local maxima

A a se b

Local Minima
x a is the point
of local Minima it
fly flag f x in the neighbourhoodof 2 9
flail flath his sufficiently
flat flat mesmanname
a a is the point of localMinima

ah jig
 flat Cfla hi hot
flatsflath
is the point LocalMinima
a a
of
i
LocalMinima is also called relative minima point
as
of
minima minima
minimum
Value the function at the this point is local
of
value
Local Minima at End points

flat 9 b both are

flak the points
f b c fay of
Local Minima
y
m b

Globalmaxima
sea is the pointof global maxima
if
flu I flay A KE Df

f c fr f ne a b

U c is the pointof Global

maxima

K a a ck b
 Global maxima is also called as absolute maxima

point is called
as
Value
of the function at this
globalmaximum value absolute maximum value
Global Minima
se a is the point of global minima if
flu flag f KE Df
Hoffa t ne Df
a C is point
of global
y minima

se a c b

Global minima is also called as absolute minima

Value
of the function at this point is called as
global
minimum absolute minimum value

If Minimalmaxima has nothing to do with continuity

maximal
differentiability A point can be the pointof
minima at that point fee is continous discontinous
if
differentiable non differentiable

Xi
sea see sad see af stg I b
 A function will have only one
global maximum one

global minimum value if exist

flat global maximum value
fly a minimum value

A function can have more than one point of local

Maxima Minima

A local Minimum value at a point can begreater

than a local maximum value at another point

fill fig
local
title maxima

occurs is also called as

points where Maxima Minima
point of extremum
Global Maxima Minima can occur at end points also

x2 x 2
E Let fix
x 1 2 2

Then
find the pointof local maximalminima ifexists

I he
fac fiz

jpg
pointy local minima
p Also se o is thepointoflocalMinima
 Maxima Minima Differentiable function
for a
w
first Derivative Test
Let see a be the
point critical

I if at sea fleas changes its signfrom re to the

then sea is the point

on
moving from left to right
of local minima
to re
I
if flies changes its sign from the
at me a
to right then sea is the
on
moving from left
point local maxima
of
signof fin sign of films
t
sea
to Pointof local
Point
of
LocalMining
Maxima

fix does not changes its sign then sea

if at sea
is neither the point maxima nor the point of
of
minima or not be the point of inflection
may may
I find the local Maxima Minima for
is foe 2232 2
I fix 94
fix as
 I
fix 223m 2

f x 22 3 Min nah 714 713127

I
it
c s

It
fx 44
4233
flat localMinn valueofflat fool
O
g
g
daintylocal
Minima

in flux as
flat 524 4 0 is neither the pointy
t maxima nor the pointof minima
e

Second derivative test

Let 2 9 be the critical point f a exist then

I
if f a o sea
of local minima
is the point

I
if f la so
sea is the point
of local maxima
Second derivative test fails
if f 121 0
switch to first derivativetest
or Switch to nth i test
 nth derivative test
Let 2 2 be the critical point
where
f la f lol 0 till the point
it becomes non zero Let it be f a to

it n is odd a is neither the point of localmaxima

if a

nor the point of local minima

f 0 2 4 is the pointof local

minima
I
if n is even

f a so sea is the point oflocal

maxima

I find the local Maxima Minima for

is foe 2232 2
I fix 24
fix as
Is
f x 223kt 2

f n 22 3

Criticalpoint 2 3
f x 2

of Local
is point minima
f Zz o K Z
I fix a

f 127 423
Critical point n o
 f x 1212
f o o

f x 24m

f lol o

f a 24
Fto 24 0 2 0 is pointof Localminima
Hi f x as
f 14 524
Critical point neo

f o
f lol f 101 0

ffa 2120
o is neither the point of local
f o 0 x
maxima nor minima

w w

x x
5 21 4
f'm
gezyzatyz Minmvalue f o
2
Maxm in
ft 4
t

4 O
Range 34
f f
Range Co domain
into Rointy
Maxima Minima
 n

IÉE
EEE
Pointof Inflection
Point at which the concavity of the curve changes

is called point
of inflection
to
find the point of inflection
I equate f se o
find the point check whether f a
changes
its sign
 vii point of inflection can occur at that point where

f se does not exist

I find the point of inflection if exist for
is
f be y 32 1

in fee x'd
is
fix 23 34 1
t t
f x 3223 a
1
t s

31221

f m Gn e
f
s

foes ischanging its concavity at n o

n o is pointof inflection

É.is

B
Ii fix se
t t
3 L
f se 3.22 3 2133
g
s

f a
3g a
y
at 2 0 flieschanges its concavity
2 0 point of inflection
 get

TF Global Maxima Minima in ab

Let y foe be a function

let are the critical points Efa b
a a 92 an

Then GlobalMaxima Maxm flat flat flan fibs

Globalminima Minn flat flat flan fo

E find the maxima minima for the function

global
fix x2 3h42 in 3,3

f a 22 3

ff3 20

f 3 I
f 13 2

Global Max value 20

m

Global Minn value I

I find the local Maxima Minima for the function
fix Ie a o
 Infins se Ink

Fe f'd ft Inset a ta
fix H I Inn

I
Hint Maxima
of weal
e
LocalMaximum value f t e e

floss f lot
X flo s f lot
is

I 22 112 30 f o
Ce 5 x 6710
HE JG
W
2
f're 9 362 27
Max value f f6 e 122 9 2242 31
9 x 3 x 11
2 1,34 5,6
t t
s I l
j
strictlyin i in 15,6
 f a p sett 2 0712 1 into

fin D Ra

fixedly E te

w
f x flo
7E e e

22 0

2 42 2 0

se Acosta Sinan an
f'm
all
Theosan 2sinax
x3
Criticalpoint F a o

tanax AZ y
 it

a
 Concavity
In a layman term function opens upward means it is
concave up or convex down
function opens downward it is concave down or
means

7in concave up
functionis dec concaveup function is inc

I
Taco I Ezco

function is dec concavedown concavedown

function isine

function is concave up ininterval I then the

an
If a

drawn at point in this interval I will

tangents every
lie below the curve
an interval I then
the
If a
function is concave down in
I will
tangents drawn atevery point in this internal
lie above the curve
we to find the interval ofconcavity
4422 so I concave up
 Is so concave down

I find the interval in which the function

fix 2 1222 36 5
is concave
up down
f se 322 24 36
3 22 82 127 C s
I I
312 6 x 27

f x 6N 24 t
7
GG y C
L

it

Ifsrun
the real root
if a is
of this cubic then
a

Where f I denotes G I F

f 107 5
fly 44
fro fell so
a I
W
InequalitiesUsing Concavity
is concave up in an interval I then
if y fly
feed
it
s f in where nie z

if y flat is concave down in an interval I then

it feed
f f Ein where nie

Y fly
Rey y
Az122,7121

µ gun i a tin

Ay
ay flat

letMabethe midpointof A Laz My HII fifth

Let Mz divides Ma Az in theratio 1 2

M3 21
3313 frittata
let My divides My Ay in the ratio 1 3
flu tf 12 fast
My 91 42 3 4
4 fly
Let Mn divides Mn An in the ratio L n t

É
All the points mi Ma Mn lies inside the cure

Y ten

EY f EY
gin

BLEY o
MnB 3 AB

Fri
É f É I
IT for any two no 4 x2

21
27ft
te
3
Letyeen which is concave up V KER
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B 22 e4
e
la
 Let M divides A B in the ratio d 2 M 2451 after
Md PO

2engI east fond

P T in a triangle ABC
Sina sinBt since 3123

I Let fix Sinn which is concave down in Copa

C on the function
takingthree points A B
flat f B flat f
3 E ALBI
Sina sin B sine
3 I sing

Sina sins since 353

Problems based on the Application in real life

E se 64 K
S 23 164 se
2
322 3 64 a
2
3.64 22 64
Criticalpoint 2 32

432 384
at 2 minima
32,4 2 o
 Iie
Jett
W
s

E
i 43
e j
Point ofminima
Minhdistance
MEH IF

w
t.IE

V A 83h
an 19 E days
by
V A Sh 23 6 2
at h Tz
41 co maxima

Ent 31 A 9

In OF h JI
 x 36 X
Circle t
Square
t
site Ey
radius
In 49
S A Er 19 412

8 Ey 219 71.4

92 04 2
377
4 2 att's
at n BEE
If o Minima

Circumference a
GIA
Et ke 41
377 36

q EÉÉ T
Agn 2010
G 2252 6 K YIN 5 SO

GGe 2 2 3 genes
Criticalpoints K 2,34 4,5
f4 16 a min value

f151 7 maxmmalue
 P a A K1 K 3
P se A 22 42 3

Pla 1 33 2212 32 t c

putzes 18 4743C
put a 3 2 C 7 30
1

P 101 310 1 10 3
9

2 y 25 41 524 1 1 242 2.211 24.22

at 11,3 4 y 51 4 8

93 8 BE

Flo it sinzo I sin201

Sin220 sin20 2

2620 2 sin20 1
t t
filoiii o LocalMinima LocalMinima
620 0 or sin20 21 N t I 12 72
20 12,35 or 20 9 561 at 12 12 0.5
 set 1h21 ac s
fix Lo

f
se R1 If KC 0
x R1 let Mtb I
0 24 I 1
se KEY I IN

5
2x 1 KC I
f a 2x 1 if Neo
2K 11 Of HCl
2kt 1 271

Critical K K n t
points E I 1
I jf
re
Fa eaapan
fly tfxchangesitsgs
sign
5 points
of localmaxmorinin

i
Hi

i I for what valuesof k

flu k will have
it 4 real solutionsroots
I 6 real solutions roots
 fix kg
is k 5ly
ED KE HE

IEEE S

Itt

It lieson
Y ke't
Y Ken
Ufo yokel t k et 0
II Ken

Ehle LIFE're
KI
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Y Ken at one point

fortwo sat
Kelo tel

A 22h
h Era mm
h
Em vol e
of materialused
Vm At232 82 2t
A 8 2 2
p
I 221 28 2 2A 8 232
21m
Vm GV I 12 2512 212

4 4v42 331 4512 2

at F somm
IF O

O Gv Foot 48A
 41 48 a
V loot

IT 42
CubicEquation Analysis

let f x It but cat d

f se 3242155in

D 45212C
Case I D CO

f la 3242 bate o f KER

fix will be strictly increasing

god
I

one the real

if d o one reveal if dao
root root rest two
rest two imaginary imaginary

CaseI D O
2
f n A x a
 fix xp k
Ilk
fires will have three real equalroots
if k o

k to fix will have one real soot two imaginaryroots

Case II D o

R B
f ai X se a
a B
taking
t s
e
Lp
f x f113 o
f la f 137 0

B at

MIIIII
It

f la firsso
 distinct
if flat f B so three real
threerealroots one distinct twoequal
flat f1131 0

flat f113 o one realsoot twoimaginary

LOCOCE I
A
CD CE rat E E BF BD Symmetry
Perimeter S 2rcoto 4 root E E
If arfosecot cosec E E
g Egg o
D
coseco cosec EE
t sin20 sin E
j Y
I E O not E E
Point minima
of no O
IE Ff
i
Perimeter 28wtf 48at I
mine
6538