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Formula
Formula
Formula
sin A cos B
1
(sin( A B) sin( A B)) A B A B
sin A sin B 2 sin cos
2 2 2
1 A B A B
cos A sin B (sin( A B) sin( A B)) sin A sin B 2 cos sin
2 2 2
1
cos A cos B (cos( A B) cos( A B)) A B A B
2 cos A cos B 2 cos cos
2 2
1
sin A sin B (cos( A B) cos( A B)) A B A B
2 cos A cos B 2 sin sin
2 2
Logarithmic Properties
ln( MN ) ln M ln N ln MK k ln M
M eln x x
ln ln M ln N
N ln e x x
FORMULA - 1
APPENDIX 2 – Table of Differentiation (General Form)
Trigonometric Functions Hyperbolic Functions Exponential Functions
d du d du
(sin u ) cos u (sinh u ) cosh u
dx dx dx dx
d u du
d du d du ( e ) eu
(cos u ) sin u (cosh u ) sinh u dx dx
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
(tan u ) sec 2 u (tanh u ) sec h 2 u
dx dx dx dx
d u du
d
(csc u ) csc u cot u
du d
(csc h u ) csc h u coth u
du (a ) au ln a
dx dx dx dx dx dx
d du d du
(sec u ) sec u tan u (sec h u ) sec h u tanh u
dx dx dx dx
d du d du
(cot u ) csc 2 u (coth u ) csc h 2 u
dx dx dx dx
Inverse Inverse Logarithmic
d 1 du d 1 du
(sin1 u) (sinh 1 u)
dx 1 u2 dx dx 1 u2 dx d 1 du
d 1 du d 1 du (ln u)
(cos1 u) (cosh1 u) dx u dx
dx 1 u2 dx dx u 1 dx
2
d 1 du d 1 du
(tan 1 u) (tanh 1 u)
dx 1 u2 dx dx 1 u2 dx d
(loga u)
1 du
d 1 du d 1 du dx u ln a dx
(csc 1 u) (csc h1u)
dx u u 1 dx
2 dx u 1 u dx
2
d 1 du d 1 du
(sec 1 u) (sec h 1u)
dx u u 1 dx
2
dx u 1 u2 dx
d 1 du d 1 du
(cot1 u) (coth 1 u)
dx 1 u2 dx dx 1 u2 dx
Differentiation Rules
d n d du dv
( x ) n x n 1 , (ax n ) an x n 1 v u
dx dx d u dx dx
d dx v v2
(C) 0 , where C is a constant
dx
d d du dv
d du dv (u v ) (u( v ))
(u v ) dx dx dv dx
dx dx dx
d du dv
(u.v ) v u
dx dx dx
FORMULA - 2
APPENDIX 3 – Table of Integration (General Form)
Trigonometric Functions( where u = ax+b ) Inverse Trigonometric Functions
sin u 1 x x a
cos u dx u'
C a x2
dx sin 1 C ,
a2
cos u 1 x
sin u dx u ' C a x 2
dx cos 1 C ,
a2
x a
tan u 1 1 1 x
sec u dx u ' C a 2 x 2 dx a tan a C
2
csc u 1 1 x
csc u cot u dx u ' C x x a2 2
dx
a
csc 1 C ,
a
x a
sec u x
sec u tan u dx u ' C
1
dx
1
sec 1 C , x a
x x a2 2 a a
cot u
csc u dx u ' C 1 x
2
1
a 2
x 2
dx cot 1 C
a a
Hyperbolic Functions( where u = ax+b ) Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
1 1 x
csc hu x dx csc h 1 C , 0 x a
csc hu coth u dx u ' C a2 x 2 a a
eu 1 ln u
e dx
u
u'
C u dx u'
C
Trapezoidal Rule
ba
b
h
f ( x ) dx 2 y 0 2 y 1 y 2 y 3 ........y n 1 y n , h
a
n
Simpson’s Rule
ba
b
h
f ( x ) dx 3 y 0 4 y1 y 3 y 5 ........y n 1 2 y 2 y 4 y 6 .... y n 2 y n , h
a
n
FORMULA - 3