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 �sato•{a- Pa.:tko.i h'1\ls
ft>iMn.9/audhl Oihi'!.9]-
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NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
ALL INDIA RANK 442 UPSC CSE 2021
l�dallcJb1 J?i�

("J<wi·stm R1've..tf .s.yJtem]

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a_greements

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 CHINA

a1w1purw
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MYANMAR
(BURMA)

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RIVERS 8r DAMS
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I DIA OCEAN
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 Bon lath
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 - 7tti lt1rgest in tesms of areo. �Ind ,cf))
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.:.:.:
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 ==
;r-cbd��������=t=!==+==t==t===t===l===t===r=r
• l>wn'""' ..sl.l ,,., '"0

1/ll'J�
�
i,c
rif-

'SOIL TYPE CLIMATE/ EXPLANATION REGION RICH POOR

Alluvial Soil 1. Khadar- new alluvium l. Northern plains + I .Potash I .Phosphorous. Nitrogen.
2. Bhangar- old alluvium ¥ Brahmaputra Humus

I ���icn
(uirt> �
in�
1. slow absorption and loss of
moisture- long retention
Red and Yellow 1. Dev on crystalline _igneous
soil rocks in areas ofJow rainfall
2. red due to iron in crystalline
and metamorphic rock
3. ellow- when h drated
Laterite soil 1. High temp and High rainfall
(.fflif"�tmmm 2. result of intense leaching
l
2. GJ via narrow corridor thr
RJ
3. ·eoinsular river delta
1. Deccan plateau l. Lime, iron,Magnesia, 1. Phosphorous, Nitrogen,
2. MH,MP,KR,GJ, AP and Alumina Humus
N. TN 2. Potash
1. Parts of Odisha and CH + 1. Phosphorous, Nitrogen,
southern middle gangetic Humus
plains + South india
2. N.E. states
Higher areas of peninsular I. Iron oxide, aluminium 1. organic matter.
plateau 2. Excess- Potash and lron nitrogen, phosphate.

ffwnr
due to tropical rain
tat<rire - H19ti 3. not suitable for agri
� 1t14n lnFztll 4. South-tree crops·
lu.tkiK3 5. Contains Clay minerals,
6. lac silica
' Arid soil 1. sandy and saline
2. dry climate+ high temp
3. lower horizons- kankar
1. infertile, do not support
ANY vegetative growth
2. Arid, semi-arid,
waterlogged, swampy region
Peaty Soil 1. areas of heavy rainfall and
l. TN,AP, kerala, KR, Mp, oxide
hilly odisha and Assam
W. Rajasthan
l. W. GJ, deltas of eastern
coast, sunderbans
2. alluvial turning saline due
to>>overirri>>capillary action
PN,HR
l. N. Bihar, S. Uttaranchal,
2. coastal WB, Odisha, TN
calcium
l. Phosphate- Nonna! 1. moisture and humus
2. Nitrogen
1. Sodium, Potassium, I. Nitrogen, calcium
magnesium
1. hwnus and organic
content
 ,. 1.!1,-

f
11,
,......
�

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r Lt
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36°N

IND I A
MAJOR PORTS AND SEA ROUTES

2ff

92°E
rll,. 8.4 : India - •qJor Porta aiV.I Sea Routa
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-36°N
36°N
IND I A
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
p AKISTAN
-32°
4>

BAY OF
BENGAL

0
� Coal Fleldl.
•

i•
- A CoalMlnes •
• ()IIFIIII$

"·•�· ..
12°
� Major Natural Gas Reserves •{ • 12'
• • _ HVJ Natural Gas Pipeline
·•I.
• • ANDAMAN & NICOBAR ISl.N4t)S
l.AKSHADWEEP (!NOIA)
(INDIA) 0
•
200 400 600km
8°N
·.··,gRI OCEAN
INDIAN 0
 1 N DIA
IRON AND STEEL PLANTS
PAKISTAN

�·

r,4:R:A BIA N
S.E.A. . BAY OF
BENGAL
Vishakhapatnam ..

•
- 12°
12°
•
lAKSHADWEEP
..
(INDIA) 200
�t'N • 0 400

IN DJ AN OCEAN
72°E 76° 84° 92°E
L.__
 �------.r--- -...-- --r-- - ,--- - -,-- -� -�
72 0
840 8 8° 9'i' . 96°E .

IND I A
IMPORTANT MINERAL
S

28°

l\flABIAN
��A

• •
LAKSHADWEEP
(INOIA)
0 200 400 600
ka
JNJJ/1\N (l l'l/\N

°
72°E 76 8
4
_j__
___ _
.........
_ _ _ __ __
_ __
_
J_ °
Nuclear Power Plants
under operation in India
RAJASTHAN ATOMIC e
POWER PLANT-1 (RAPS-1),
(RAPS-2), (RAPS-3),
(RAPS-4), (RAPS-5),
(RAPS-6) e NARORA ATOMIC
POWER PLANT-1 (NAPS-1),
KOTA, RAJASTHAN (NAPS-2)
NARORA, UTTAR PRADESH

KAKRAPAR ATOMIC
POWER PLANT-1
(KAPS-1),
(KAPS-2)
TAPI, GUJARAT e----..--

TARAPUR ATOMIC •·-­

POWER PLANT-1 (TAPS-1),
(TAPS-2), (TAPS-3), MADRAS ATOMIC
{TAPS-4) e POWER Pl.ANT-1 (MAPS-1),
BOISAR, MAHARASTRA (MAPS-2)

. KALPAKKAM, TAMIL NA�

KAIGA GENERATING e . . --• KUDANKULAM NUC�
STATION-1 (KGS-1), ·:

D
POWER STATION-1 (KKNPS-1),
(KGS-2), (KGS-3), (KGS-4) (KKNPS-2) •
KAJGA. KARNATAKA KUDANKULAM, TAMIL NAD}J
�

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Source: www.aerb.gov.in
Representational map. Not to scale. Graphic: IE Design
THETOPlO
LANDSLIDE HOTSPOT AREAS
IN INDIA (1998- 2022)
J&K Uttarakhand Assam
7,280 11,219 --2,569

Arunachal
Pradesh
7,689
Tripura
8,070 Meghalaya
2,639

- Manipur
. .. ..
.... .
,
.I• · s,494

Maharashtra Kerala -- Mizoram

5,112 6,039 12,385
ISRO centres and units
in India
Chandigarh,
Punjab
Dehradun,
Semi-Conductor
Laboratory {SCL) Uttarakhand
Indian Institute
of Remote
Sensing (IIRS)

Ahmedabad,
Gujarat
Development
and Educational
Communication
Unit (DECU),
Space Applications
Centre (SAC) Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
Bangalore, Master Control Facility (MCF)
Kamatka
Department of Hyderabad, Telangana
Space and ISRO HQ, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
Human Space Flight
Centre (HSFC), Nellore, Andhra Pradesh
ISRO Telemetry, Tracking
and Command Network Salish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)
(ISTRAC), SHAR
Laboratory for Electro­
-Optics Systems (LEOS), Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu
U R Rao Satellite Centre ISRO Propulsion Complex (IPRC)
(URSC)
Thiruvananthapuram,
■wasIndian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
fanned on August 15, 1969.
Kerala
■ It is India's space agency.
ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU),
Liquid Propulsion Systems
Centre(LPSC),
■exeThe Department of Space (DOS), GOI,
cutes the Indian Space Programme primarily
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre through various Centres or units within ISRO.
(VSSC) ■ DOS was set up and ISRO was brought
under DOS in 1972.
Source: isro.gov.ln
 Map of refineries
in India
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Corporation Limited
Digboi, Assam Barauni, Bihar Panipat, Haryana
Guwahati, Assam Haldia, W.B. Bongaigaon, Assam
Koyafi, Gujarat Mathura, U.P.
--------------Paradip, Odisha
� Hindustan Petroleum
� Corporation Limited
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Vizag, A. P.

� Bharat Petroleum
\\OJ Corporation Limited
Mumbai, Maharashtra
Kochi, Kerala
Mangalore Bina, M. P.
Refinery and
Petrochemicals Chennal Petroleum
Limited ........ Corporation Limited
Mangalore, Kamataka Manali, Chennal
J.- HPCL-Mittal cauvery Basin•, Chennai
Reliance
...... .- Energy Limited
Industries • Numallgarh
Umited GGSR, Punjab Refinary Limited
.. � Nayara Numaligarh, Assam
RIL �•• APL (SEZ) ..��.. Energy Limited
Jamnagar, Jamnagar, 1arat • Oil and Natural
Gujarat Gujarat Vadinar, Gu,a Gas Corporation
• cauvery Basin refinery is under capacity augmentation.
Tatipaka, A. P.
Source m,n,stry of petroleum and natural gas I Pt1oto Pexels I 1,1 .,,,/11, \11-.:. ,l,11111.111 \/.,111
TIGERS Shivalik Hills and
Gangetic Plains
IN INDIA ..l 804 North-East
No. of camera 194
trapped tigers

Western
Ghats
824 Central India and
.A. Tiger presence Eastern Ghats
from genetics
■ Camera trap /-- 1,161
with tiger captures
3,080
2022
2,461
2,226 2018
1,706 2014
2010
Biodiversity heritage sites
in India
Sacred Grove at Sural
Bhatori Monastery,
Himachal Pradesh
High Altitude Meadow,
Himachal Pradesh
Birch-pine Forest --------+-�
Patch, Himachal
Pradesh

Chilkigarh Kanak
Ourga, West Bengal
Mandasaru, Baramura
Odisha waterfall, Tnpura
·
Mahend rag1n .. h'II
I
Biodiversity Heritage s·1•.achan. Caves,
Site, Odisha Tf!pura
Glory of AJlapali,
Maharashtra o;:���
· · , Tripura
. Betlingshib, --­
�•C Tripura
I

I '

: �'
.\
I

: � S<uce: rt>ahia.ag
f ,m/1/Jic:. lbhi.\·/u•k .\film
List of UNESCO world
heritage sites in India
Complexe du Historic City Great Himalayan National
Capitole • of Ahmedabad • Park Conservation Area
•

Red Fort Dholavlra: A Nanda Devi and

Harappan City tehpur Valley of Flowers
Complex •
Qutb Minar and
• ikri • National Parks Khangchendzonga
National Park

•
its Monuments Archaeological •
Site of Nalanda
Humayun's Mahavihara at Manas Wildlife
Tomb • Nalanda • • Sanctuary
The Jantar Mahabodhi Kaziranga
Mantar • Temple Complex • National Park
atBodhGaya
Keoladeo
National Park
Hill Forts of
Rajasthan -- -�
Champaner-
Pavagadh
Archaeologlc
__1"'""11_,
al Park
Rani-ki-Vav
(the Queen's • Sundarbans
National Park
Stepwell) at
Patan Sun Temple,
• KonArak
Chhatrapati •
Shivaji Terminus Rock
0 Shelters of
Ajanta • p of Bhimbetka
Caves ments Buddhist
Elephanta Monuments
Caves at Sanchi
Kakatiya
Ellora • Group of Rudreshwara
Caves
•
VictorianGothic
Monuments at
Mahabalipuram --• (Ramappa)
Temple
and Art Deco Great Living CATEGORY OF SITE
Ensembles of
Mumbai
Chola Temples
CULTURAL SITE- 32 ·-ti
NATURAL SITE- 7

Churches &
• Group of Group of
Monuments at Monuments
---------------
Mountain
'-
MIXED SITE-1 �
!t

Convents of Goa Pattadakal at Hampi • Railways of India • WesternGhats

Ramsar sites in India
WularlalceU&K -----­
) .....---- ChandertalWetland�
Hygam WetJand------..1
Conservation Reserve LJ&K)
ShallbughW�and---­
Conservation Reserve U&K>
Hokera Wetland (J&K) ----­
Surtnur-Manurl.aka U&K> ---1111
Keshopur-Miani ----•
Convnunlty Reserve !�I
Kanjli WetJands � ___..,.
Harike Lake fP\a\.
Beas Conservation Reww
(�
Suttanpur National - -­
Partc (�.iNl
BhindawasWlldlfe
Sanctuary CHlryaN)
Keo&adeo National
Part((�
Sambhar Lake (.Rlla:Wt.li"lr.---�
Sakhya Sagar (MP) ___....,____,__. __...__.._
Thollake
Wildlife -----.:---::=-----.
Sanctuary
(�
Khii.....-,8
�•7 Bird ______..._____
Sanctuary IG!.tnU
Nalurvvar IQ.int> ___,
Wadhvana _____..,__.
Wetland<�
Thane Creek �I
Nandw Madhmeshwar ----'11111�
1�
Lonllr Lala� ---+t-----1'1
Nanda lake tGc»l ______,
� Bird -------1�◄
Sanctuary oean.ubl . Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary
Vembanad•Kol Wet1and �> --
Sasthamkotta lake ow..> ---
Ashtamudl Wetland(�, _____,,
VembaMUr Wetland _____....,1
Complex CTfflNdll
Suchlndram Theroor _____...,,
Wetland Comple>C oami N.nJJ
T90 Ka 'Netland Complex o..aci.t,1
--- Tso Moriri L.a».h.l
-- Pong Dam Lake tHP>
Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary IP\rtlbl
Ropsw.tland <� Nawabganj Bird
Renuka Lake tHP> Santuary UPI
SamaspurBird
Aun ConwY8tion
Reserve Mtnchrd) Sanctuary Cl.l>I
ParvatJ Arga Bird
Haiderpur Wetland CUP> Sanctuary_ tuPI
U- n.- ____ ,. _
rr,r- -..- """" ,VP", Bakhlra Wildlife
Sur Sarovar ruPl Sanctuary (UPI
Saman Bird Sanctuary IUPt KabartalWettand
Sarsai Nawar Wetland,�, �l
Sandi Bird Sanctuary CUPI
Deepor Beet
7
( A
<Assam)
.---+--\--_;,,,,.-�-MJ,-.. Loktak Lake 1
Rudrasagar Lake
CT,_.,
PalaWetland
East Cslcutta Wetlr •�
Mlasi�I
SUndarban Wetland tWnl Ber1Q10
------- Bhitart<anika
Mangroves IO!Ln I
l
P_T ampara Lake IC>dsna) I AMupa Lake COdlsna>
Satkosla Gorge IOclshll L Chllika Lake t 1
Hirakud Reservoir tOcishll
'---.-.c.-� Bhoj Wetland (MP)
IL.-b:z::� L..-�� Sirpur WetJand IMP! Join me in telegram – UPSC
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KarikiU Bird Sanctuary (TN)
"1i
•
'Vaduvoor Bird Sanctuary ON>
Pk:havaramMangrovef<nstnN).
Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sa_QCtuary UN)
Point Caliment Wildlfe and Bird SaDctuary CTNI
Gutt of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve fTNI
Kanlirankulam Bird Sanctuary CTNl
Chitrangudl Bird Sanctuary nN>
I J,.-,.{tu• . lhllb:lu·I.. \filnt
Vellode Birds Sanctuary CTN)
<.m11J,iluL· l'roJJ1iksJUJ /JJ.�111 • · 111/1
Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary ClNl
 50 years of Project Tiger:
No. of tiger reserves in India
Project Tiger began '°' Tiger reserves India accounts
in 1973 at the jf::!i\. spread over 75,000 for 70% of the
Corbett national park. ········ sq km area. world's wild
tiger
population.

Maharashtra
Melghat,
Tadobha Andhari
Pench,Sahyadri
Navegaon Nagzira,
Bor
O Kamataka
T Bandipur
Rajasthan Bhadra, Kali
Odisha
Simlipal Ranthambore Nagarhole
Satkosia T
� Sariska, Mukundara Biligiri Ranganatha
Ramgarh Vishdhari Temple
O Sunderban
West Bengal
0 Uttar
T Buxa Pradesh
T Ranlpur
Dudhwa, Pilibhit,
Tamil Nadu
Kalakad Mundanthurai
� Uttarakhand
T 0 Andhra Pradesh Anamalai, Mudumalai
Corbett
Rajaji
T NagarjunsagarSagar Sathyamangalam
Srivilliputhur Megamalal

0 Madhya Pradesh � Chattisgarh

T Pench,Bandhavgarh T Srtanadl,
Bihar
Valmiki lndravatl, Udantl
Panna,Satpura Achanakmar Jharkhand
Assam Sanjay Dhubri, Kanha 0 Telangana Palamau
Manas, Nameri
Kaziranga 0 Arunachal Pradesh 0 T Kawai, Amrabad
Orang T Namdapha T Kerala Mizoram
Pakke, Kamlang Perlyar, Parambikulam Dampa
(,"r:111/Jic:. \11:is/111111:m .\fait_, Source: ntca.gov.1n I Compiled by Prath1ksl1a Lakshm1kanth
 Elephant
reserves in India

Total
ShlvallkER .KazJranga
Karbi Anglong
��
Reserves TeraiER
c South Arunachal
27,000-31,000 , -UttarPradeshER
.LemruER �meng
/G:)Elephant
� Population Badalkhol Tamorpingla ER I) Sonitpur
•

�--thing Patkai
Lungclng
phanER

•GaroHlls
-Eastern Dooars
OandeDER
Ripu - Chirang
Mayuj,ama
• MayurbhanjER
.MahanadiER
Mysore
��---Rayala----- --- •
Nlambur ER �,___..._ Nilgiri ER
• CoimbatoreER
Anamudi ER--___,�� ,,.____Srtvllliputhu ER •AnamalaiER
r
r------• Agasthiyamalal ER

Photo: Pexels
 :�
List of national parks in India
M
Oldest
Tota:106 �� f
naticnal
parks
1.23%
of cou,try J : Hetns, Lada<h
3 350km2
I

Maxirrun: n n �
"'Chattisgarh
• Gll\J Ghasidas (SalilY).
lnct'avati (Kutru),
l<Mger�
Corbett Mad,yaPradesh Kl!S ��
.. Reddy, Mahaveer Hama
vanasthal, �

9��.
Oiandol,=,
Eravl<uam,
Matti<.ettanStm,
ParmacimShola,
.lw1chand Pertyar, Slent Vale/
8eda
Maharashtra

9=" �New),

•�·
Sa-.aY GancN (Borivll),
�Manipur Tadoba

Mizoram
n::a�
• Ghana, MJkunaa His.
Mu1en,
Kamataka Ralthambhore,Sariska

9=nd
�) � Anshl, Bandpur,
• Baneghatta, TarriNadu
Kucief'nJ<tl, Guild'/, Gut of Manncl"
N�ahae Mcme, Indra GancN

9:,..:- I
(Rajv Ganctll) (Anrenalai),

9��
�.tvUostn

can1)be1Bay, 6)
a Anclva Pradesh
• Papkcnda, Rajv Ganct1
AruiachalPradesh GalatheaBay,

·��
� Mahatama GalcN (Rameswaram),
• Sn Venkateswara
Mame (Wandoor), • �

"'��. Moult Hamett.

Ran Jtalsi Marne,
SadclePeak
\ l'} H'machal Pradesh

•�.
.. Gowld, Nanda Devi.
Ph Valet, C-ol

9
Rc$:lji, � of FbNers
Bhar � Ma<t1ya Pradesh StlelµlgSlmballata
Vamild Assam
8lad<blJck (Velavadai,
Gujarat Fossi, Pench,

9
Gr, Mame (Guf of Obu-Sal<rowa,
Kachd•'"I), Vansda Ktrila,KLno, DmgPatkai,

... ��-
Madlav,I.�' Kazrcnga, Manas,
�gcherdzaga C)li' �lpUlct, Narneri, Ra;v Garm
l'} Ha,yana (Orang), Ramona
Kalesar, � � West Bengal
• Kashrnr
Jammu & Buxa, Gonmara,
• Jaldapara,Neora
�.
Orissa
Sinipal
City Forest {Salm Al),
Dachigan1, Kaznag,
Klshtwar Hgl Altitute
�·
Sollt:e: Naticnal Wilclfe Database
Ce'ltre, Wdfe nstitute of lncia
nc.· ·iJ,.�1:. \11JtSh1111w11 M:1/1,,
Biosphere Reserves
in India Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for
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Cold Desert ____....,_�-- *Khangchendzonga

Himachal Pradesh Sikkjm Dehang
Manas, Dibru Debang
*Nanda Devi ____......., Saikhowa Arunachal
Uttarakhand Assam Pradesh

Kachchh-­
Gujarat

*Pachmarhi, �---��--=
Panna
,.
l *Nokrek
Meghalaya
Madhya Pradesh *Sunderbans
West Bengal
*Achankmar- ---­ Similipal
Amarkantak Odisha
Chhattisgarh,
Madhya Pradesh Seshachalam
Andhra Pradesh
.Ja; Nicobar
Kamataka ..
*Nilgiri -------,,---­
.. .
... '
Andaman&
*Agasthyamala ---- *Gulf of Mannar
Tamil Nadu Nicobar Islands
Tamil Nadu& Kerala

*World Network of Biosphere Reserve (NAB-UNESCO)

Source: moef.gov.in
Map not to scale. Graphic: IE De ign
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' , • l
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH
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• • I
 ---- --
P lac.e.r 1n Neu/!
• farkachlk gf�cial - low
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nan,
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 Places in News: India
• Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary (Ladakh) � Tashiding Monastery (Sikkim)
•A new Indian Air Force base would be set -,r •
Bumchu Festival was celebrated in
up in Changthang Wildlife Sanctuary. Tashiding Monastery.

Namdapha National Park

� Neeru Stream (Jammu and Kashmir}---M
� • Eurasian otters spotted in Neeru stream (Arunachal Pradesh)
of Chenab catchment. • Tiger was spotted after a gap of 8 years.

Keibul Lamjao Park

la Barda {Gujarat)------4 {Manipur)
• Centre has advised state
� • Project Lion proposes Barda as
second home for Asiatic lions. government to take steps for
the protection of Keibul Lamjao
Park and Loktak Lake.
• Gateway of India (Maharashtra)-4-
• Few cracks were found on the surface.
Butterfly EcoPark (Tripura)
• Butterfly EcoPark at Chottakhola is
the first butterfly park of northeast.
� Pushpagiri Kshetram
., (Andhra Pradesh) • Sisupalgarh (Odisha)
•'
...·...;,
..
• Temple ruins were discovered at •ASI has sought Odisha government intervention
Pushpagiri Kshetram in Kadapa district. to protect Sisupalgarh from land mafia.
,,..
Gandhamardan Hill Range (Odlsha)
• Gandhamardan Hill Range declared as a Biodiversity
Heritage Site.
 Places in News: India
• Hemis and T hiksey Monasteries
(Ladakh)
• Delegates of G20 summit visited Hemis and
Thiksey Monasteries.
Gandhisagar Sanctuary .-----;::f:;:L
• r
(Madhya Pradesh)
• Will be developed as a second home
•
for cheetahs.
Hingoli (Maharashtra) ---�---"':'.-:�
• cabinet approves UGO-India,
gravitational-wave detector to be
built in Hingoli.
• Parambikulam Reserve {Kerala)
• High Court Ofders translocat.ion of wild
tusker Arikompan to Parambikulam reserve.
' Research and Development Station,
• Eravikulam National Park (Kerala) · ..._ :
• Got its first fernarium.
• Mudumalal Tiger Reserve {Tamil Nadu)
• PM visited Theppakadu Elephant camp in Mudumalai
Tiger Reserve.
� Zumithang (Arunachal Pradesh)
':o •
Buddhist Conference hosted.
Dibang Wildlife
•
Sanctuary (Arunachal
Pradesh)
• Indigenous ldu Mishmis
protesting a proposed
tiger reserve.
aiiiiiii. Klbithoo village
W, (Arunachal Pradesh)
• Union Home Minister
launched Vibrant Villages
Programme.
Kongthong village (Meghalaya)
•
• Development report presented on
Kongthong village, India's only whistling
village.
Char Balidanga and state Horticulture
Namthlng Pokhar, Amkhoi Fossil Park
,, • (West Bengal)
• Notified as Biodiversity Heritage Sites
� Anantapur {A ndhra Pradesh)
""1111 • Big deposits of 1 S rare minerals found.
 Places in News: India
Mahakaleshwar temple
{Madhya Pradesh)
• PM of Nepal offered prayers at
Mahakaleshwar temple in Ujjain.
Kamakhya temple (Assam)
• Uhl River (Himachal Pradesh)----- --:::::t-" • Ambubachi Mela begun at
• HP and Punjab to face off over ownership of Kamakhya temple located atop
Shanan power project located on Uhl river. Nilachal hills.

� Siri Fort (Delhi .__---�---+-----',;::--,11,

W, • Tomb-like structure discovered
at siri fort.

• Khirki Mosque {Delhi)

• Restoration of Khirki Mosque
initiated. Sundargarh Forest Division
{Odisha)
• Lothal {Gujarat) ____________,
• Proposal to declare 'Natural Arch' in
• Government to Develop National Kanika range of Sundargarh forest
Maritime Heritage Complex. division as a Geo Heritage site.
� Raigad Fort {Maharashtra)----------•
\9 • Celebrations of 350th anniversary of Jagannath Temple (Odisha)
• Jagannath Puri Rath Yatra held.
coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji
� Golconda Fort
Maharaj were started.
.'. :: , 'WV
(Telangana)
• Ministry of Culture celebrated the
Cochin Port {Kerala)------::-:-/-- Telangana Formation Day at Golconda Fort.
• Centre rolled out renovation
of Cochin Port. L------------11161!!.. Orvakallu Village
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• Thiruvavaduthurai Math • Mesolithic Era
NEELESH KUMAR SINGH (Tamil Nadu) painting discovered.
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• Sengol or sceptre presented by
head of Thiruvavaduthurai Math
 Places in News: India
• Parkachik Glacier (Ladakh) ,-----� � Pangong Tso lake {Ladakh)
• Likely to have three lakes of different 'w:' • Both India and China are ramping up
dimensions due to rapid ice melt. infrastructure on north bank of lake.

�--� • Dhala crater {Madhya Pradesh)

• Study suggests that UreHJte meteorite has fonned
Khadir Bet and bela Dhalal crater.

region, Kutch (Gujarat)

• New species of shrub discovered.

•
��....,---,.,Gi,1:1,-=f-� � Palamau T iger
Kaas Plateau .., Reserve (Jharkhand)
(Maharashtra) • Four soft-release centres
for Cheetals are under
• Study of sediments from a seasonal construction.
indicated a major shift in Indian
Summer Monsoons.

Amravati {Maharashtra)
Hampi Group of Monuments •
• • PM MITRA Textile Park launched.
(Karnataka)

,. ..
•I
• Third G20 Culture Group (CWG)
meet held in Hampi.
...·....: ,
Rudragiri hillock, Guntur (Andhra
Pradesh)
• Porpanaikottai site (Tamil Nadu) • Fusion of Rock Art found.
• Items belonging to Sangam Age have been excavated.
 • Dachigam National Park ..--------- � Leh (Ladakh)
{Jammu and Kashmir) � • India's first-ever hydrogen buses deployed.

• Population of Hangul (Kashmir stag)

has registered a 10 percent increase.
Pong Dam {Maharana
Pratap Sagar) Himachal
Pradesh
• Jaisalmer {Rajasthan) -4-----, • Release of water submerged a
• Fossil of new dinosaur species number of villages in the
'Tharosaurus lndicus· found. adjoining area

• Gandhinagar (Gujarat)..__
• First WHO Global Summit on
raditional Medicine held @---
Udaipur (Rajasthan}
• 9th India Region Conference of the
Commonwealth Parliamentary
Association (CPA) held

� Gaganachukki waterfalls
� (Karnataka)
Keeladi (Tamil Nadu)
• Restriction on tourism due to a
• Archeological excavation is being
heavy discharge of water
processed.
upstream from Kabini reservoirs.
 Places in News: India

.--� Purana Qila (Delhi)

• Latest excavations Indicate that an •e11te·
class of citizens were staying there.
Surat (Gujarat)
• First largest indigenous 700
MWe Kakrapar Mud.Hr Power
Plant (KAPP 5) Starts Working In
Gujarat ---."'-;'ftA.i.--,,"t. •�-+-1► Jorhat (Assam)
• Primatologists have suggested
rerouting a 1.65-km-long railway
track that passes through Hollonga­
par Gibbon Sanctuary.

Mumbai (Maharashtra} �------1'1:�

• First case ofZJuvtrus has been reported
in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Shivamogga (Karnataka) �----�,---e
• A rare sighting of Asiatic Wild Dog
{Dhote) was encountered.
��-+------1► Nadugani and Nilgiris (Tamilnadu)
Kole wetlands (Kerala)
• Kole wetlands face the threat of alien plants
i......,�--.. Bhoj Wetland (Madhya Pradesh)
• National Green Tribunal has banned the opera­
tion of cruise boats In Upper Lau In Bhopal and
other wetland sites.
• Lion-tailed macaques were spotlild In forests of
Naduganl and Nl10lrl1 in Tamilnadu.
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 Places in News: India

Kanwar lake (Kabartal Wetland)

(Blhar)
• Kanwar Lake is facing threat of running dry.
• Dhordo village ...------.
(Gujarat)
• Got one of the Best Tourism
Villages award by UN World
Milak River
Tourism Organization (UNWTO) (Nagaland)
• Recently, a new fish
species Badls Umukuml
was found

• Mulugu district (Telangana)

• PM announced that Central Tribal Untwrsl­
ty will be established in Mulugu district • Kolleru wildlife sanctuary
(Telangana), named after tribal goddesses
(Andhra Pradesh)
Sammakka- Sarakka.
•An inventory of land use and other activities adjacent
to Kol1enl WlldUfe Sanctuary is underway for declaring
VOC Port (Tamil Nadu) �-----....--r-� it an eco-sensitive zone.
•Green Ammonia from Egypt Imported
through voe Port, for the first time.
 Places in News: India
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Sutle j river (Punjab)

• Researchers found the presence of tantalum '«'::-:--'r----l► Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)
in the Sutlej river sand in Punjab. • Gwalior joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network
(UCCN).
Sambhar lake (Rajasthan) ...,-------:,'-,
• A researcher unveiled the capability of
Plcocystls SaUnarum (green algae) found r-f-1- Loktak Lake (Manipur)
in hypersaline soda lake Sambhar to • Manipur Government raised
survive extreme environments. concern that Loktak Lake's
hydroelectric plan may affect
Dhordo (Gujarat)..,_____�;;___• Sangai deer.
• Dedared Ghol species as the state fish
at the Global Fisheries Conferenc.e .......�.,.+---�--1► Mudichu Thalapalli (Telangana)
India 2023. •A 3,000-year-old Iron Age Geoglyph cirde was
discovered in Telangana .

...._,....::;...__,.._ Kurnool district (Andhra Pradesh)

Panaji (Goa) •Banni' festival held at Devaragattu in Kurnool
• 54th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) district
commenced in Panaji.
..,.;.;;w....�-�Bengaluru (Karnataka)
•Bengaluru Climate Action Plan unveiled in line
Kadalundi river; Kozhikode (Kerala) with the city's commitment t.o C40 Cities.
• Shrinking mudflat ecosystem of Kadalundi rivEtr is
impacting Kadalundl V1Wkunnu Community Reserve
(KVCR).
• Kozhikode joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network
(UCCN).
 Places in News: India

.----- Pong Dam Wildlife Sanctuary (PDWS)

(Himachal Pradesh)
• MoEFCC issued draft notification declaring one-kilometre
area around PDWS as an Eco-Sensitiw Zone, prohibiting
commercial activities.

Gurugram (Haryana) �------,.L-�el

• World's first portable hospital �rogya
Maltrl Aid Cube' was unveiled. _r•+--- Kisama Heritage Village
(Nagaland)
Banni Grassland {Gujarat) • 24th edition of Hombill Festival
• Central gOYemment has approved was organised
setting up a cheetah breeding and
conservation centre in Hanni
Grassland.
L.....,,,:;;.___. Chhattisgarh (Chhattisgarh)
• South Eastern Coalflleds Ud (SECL) will undertake
plantation using Miyawaki method in coal belt
region of Chhattlsgarh.

... .. . a+--► Ennore (Tamil Nadu)

..,..·. .
t

• Oil spill occurred in Ennore region of Chennai after

Cyclone Michaung-induced floods
Kalakad Mundanthurai (Tamil Nadu) ◄.._--+--'re . Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants
Join me in telegram – UPSC PRELIMS WITH NEELESH (in telegram) for
• 'Impatiens karuppusamy', new plant species was · such notes
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Vadnagar, Mehsana {Gujarat)..,.----.
• A joint study by lndlan Institute of
Technology (Kharagpur) discovered
evidence of human settlement in
Vadnagar dating back to 800 BCE.
Pench Tiger Reserve {PTR) ..,.�::---fl---11�:--;�L-...... 1
Nagpur {Maharashtra)
• Pench Tiger Reserve (PTR) spread over
Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra becomes
India's first International Dark Sky Park for
protecting night sky, preventing light pollu­
tion and promote astronomy.
Minchinpadavu {Kerala)
• National Green Tribunal's has Issued notice
Union Government. Kamatau and KeraLa
governments on dumping endosulfan In hilly
area of Mlnchlnpadaw in Kasaragod district of
Kerala.
Places in News: India
_________..., Sikkim (Sikkim)
• India has recorded its first-ever
confirmed sighting of a rare Tibetan
brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus)
in Sikkim.
C��;-t► Pakke Paga Hornbill Festival
{PPHF) East Kameng
(Arunaehal Pradesh)
• A three-day conservation festival
PPHF began In Arunachal Pradesh
.,.C.-----t► Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh)
• Statue of Social Justice was unveiled in Vijayawada,
Andhra Pradesh.
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
... Munnar, ldukki (Kerala)
to�-.=' • • Recently, Eurasian otter was found in the Chlnnar WlldUfe Sanctuary
.A· In Kenla.
Kudankulam nuclear power plant (KNPP)
Tirunelveli (Tamil Nadu)
• India, Russia ink pacts on construction of future
power units of KNPP
Please share these notes to help fellow aspirants

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ALL INDIA RANK 442 UPSC CSE 2021

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