List of content

Task1 page
1.Determine the types and sources of diesel emissions (DE), and explain each type in terms of effect
on human and environment....... ........................................................................................................ 2/3
2.Demonstrate available systems to reduce emissions for the mentioned vehicle
(Figure 1)……………………………………………………………..…………….…… 3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10
3. Analyze the emission types and sources of compression ignition engines at complete and incomplete
combustion process …………………………………………………………………..………….. 11/12
4. Evaluate the emission control system and associated components used which is showed in
figure 17…………………………………………………………………………….….. 13/14/15
Task 2
1. The following different symptoms are related to three buses;
a) Identify the damaged part
b) discuss the reason that led to these symptoms.
c) Demonstrate the appropriate repair strategy for each symptom……………….………….16/17
2. Carry out diagnostic test for one part of the Common Rail Diesel Injection System…….18
3.Compare two types of diagnostic tests for injector malfunctions and identify which equipment is the
best …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
4.Regular maintenance of the inline diesel fuel injection pump depends on adjusting the amount
of fuel injected, Create a set of steps identifying how to adjust the amount of fuel
injected……………………………………………………………………….…………….20/21
References & Sources……………………………………….……………………………………… 20

1
 Task No. 1
1. Determine the types and sources of diesel emissions (DE), and explain each type in terms
of effect on human and environment.
DEs Explanation Human Effect Env. Effect
 When combustion of carbon is incomplete,  Headache  global warming
i.e. There is a limited supply of air, only  Dizziness  Climate change
Half as much oxygen adds to the carbon,  nausea.  Destruction of
and instead you form carbon monoxide  upset stomach plants
CO
(CO)  vomiting
 Source
Function of the air excess ratio and combustion
temperature and air/fuel mixture
 During the combustion process, the carbon  Breathing  global warming
dioxide (CO₂) emissions from diesel becomes more  Climate change
combustion are formed through the difficult  Acid rain
oxidation of carbon atoms in diesel fuel  Headache  Destruction of
hydrocarbons, which combine with oxygen  nausea. plants
from the air. The specific amount of CO₂
produced depends on the chemical
composition of the diesel fuel and the
CO2
efficiency of the combustion process.
 due to various factors like:
(air-fuel mixture)14.5:1
Injection timing and pressure
Temperature variations within the cylinder
Fuel quality
 Source
Function of complete combustion of diesel fuel
 (HC) generally results from fuel, which is  Headache  Destruction of
unburned as a result of insufficient  Causes a plants
temperature.This often occurs near the nervous  Drinking water is
cylinder wall (wall quenching) where the disorder contaminated
temperature is of the air/fuel mixture is  Its effects also  Air Pollution
significantly less than in the center of the on the
cylinder. hydrocarbons production may also functioning of
HC be a result of poorly designed fuel injection the immune
systems, injector needle bounce, excessive system, skin,
nozzle cavity volumes or Fuel jets reach a eyes, lungs and
quench layer. blood.
 Source
It depends on the amount of fuel and lubricating
oil remaining unburned during combustion and the
different temperatures when cooling

2
  Nitrogen oxide emissions form when  Headache  contributes to
nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen at  Eye irritation acidification, ozone
high temperatures, especially when the  Respiratory formation
NOx mixture is poor. irritation  nutrient enrichment
 Source  Heart disease  smog formation
Function of peak combustion temperatures,  Acid rain
oxygen content and residence time.
 PM emissions are a mixture of solid  Headache  Ozone layer
particles and liquid droplets Particle  respiratory depletion
emissions from diesel engines can originate problems  smog formation
from:  Eye irritation  Climate change
a) agglomeration of very small particles of partly  nausea.  Acid rain
burned fuel;
PM
b) partly burned lubricant oil.
c) ash content of fuel oil and cylinder lubricant oil.
d) sulphates and water
 Source
Originates from unburned fuel, ash content in fuel
and lub oil.

LO3
P5: Achieved ⃣ P5: Not Achieved ⃣

P5: Interview Sheet ⃣

3
2. Demonstrate available systems to reduce emissions for the mentioned vehicle (Figure 1).
Pre-Treatment is
-pre-treatment generally refers to the processes or treatments performed on diesel fuel before
it is used in the engine. pre-treatment measures help maintain fuel quality, protect engine
components, improve combustion efficiency, and ensure reliable operation of diesel engines.
Pre-Treatment Systems are:
1. Fuel quality / fuel addition :
-improve cetane number Impact on Emissions Improved combustion efficiency reduces
unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter emissions but increase NOx
-Reducing the amount of ash to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions
-biodiesel have become popular in recent decades because their high oxygen content can
greatly reduce PM emissions
2. Treatment Catalytic :
-consists of a catalytic reactor used in common rail and a modified fuel atomizer into spiral-
elliptical channels covered with catalytic material.(platinum) The catalyst’s task is to cause
the dehydrogenation reaction of paraffin Hydrocarbons contained in the fuel to create an
olefin form, with the release of a free hydrogen molecule. for better atomization and
complete combustion, reducing HC and CO
Pre-Treatment Systems

Figure 4. common rail

3. Water Injection
-Addition of water to the diesel process decreases combustion temperatures and lowers NOx
emissions. The most common methods of introducing water are direct injection into the
cylinder

Figure 5. water injection with fuel Figure 6. The relationship between

water injection and NOX emission
4.Hydrogen Injection :
- Hydrogen,can improve diesel engine performance and emissions by improving combustion
characteristics and flame speed. However, it also has knocking combustion issues and higher
nitrogen oxide emissions reduce HC and CO and PM

4
 Engine Control Systems is
-It is controlled by techniques in the diesel engine to reduce emissions (PM / NOX / HC /
CO / CO2) during the combustion process. for better atomization and complete combustion
-Combustion optimization involves adjusting the parameters that affect the efficiency and
completeness of combustion, such as the air-fuel ratio, injection timing, injection pressure,
injection duration, and injection pattern. Also use sensors and feedback mechanisms to
monitor and adjust the combustion process in real time.
Engine Control Systems are:
1. Fuel Injection :
 Injection Timing by vvt system : Injection timing affects combustion phasing;
retarding the combustion phasing can be used to limit NOx emissions.
- vvt is being used to introduce some fraction of exhaust gas into the combustion process
and reduce HC and NOX emissions.
 Injection Pressure by High-pressure Common Rail Injection: Precisely delivers
fuel in fine droplets for better atomization and complete combustion, reducing PM
- Higher injection pressure can lower soot emissions; especially important when combined
with NOx control technologies such as EGR that would otherwise increase soot emissions.
 Multiple Injections
-Multiple injections strategies have been developed to lower NOx, soot, HC and CO
emissions.
Engine Control Systems

2. EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) :

-Its purpose is to lower the end-of-combustion temperature
The use of an EGR system reduces the amount of oxygen in the cylinder, preventing the
formation of nitrogen oxides and reducing diesel knock at idle.
-It leads to a cooler but less efficient combustion process
 operation
-It takes part of the exhaust and recycles it again through the EGR valve to determine the
amount of the recycled part based on driving conditions:
During idle and low speeds, the mixture is rich, i.e. a small amount of oxygen, and therefore
it opens gradually, it can reach 90% open.
During full acceleration and while starting the engine, the valve is completely closed
However, when part of the exhaust is returned, the soot returns with it into the combustion
chamber and can lead to damage or corrosion of surfaces.

Figure 7.EGR system

5
 3. the angle at which the fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber. Wider spray angles
can reduce NOx emissions by creating a more uniform distribution of fuel in the combustion
chamber.

Figure 8. the angle at which the fuel is sprayed

4. intake booster :
Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT): which delivers variable quantities of
pressurized air based on driving conditions, has been effective in reducing PM emissions by
maintaining lean in the engine. Reducing NOX
5.Intake Temperature Management
-Cold air intake is a solution for engine emission and efficiency, as it reduces air resistance
and allows more air to enter.• The air filter of the cold air intake setup is placed away from
Engine Control Systems

the engineand reduce NOX

6.Combustion Chamber Design
-combustion chamber design changes are commonly used to offset increases in soot
emissions when measures are taken to limit NOx emissions. In many cases, improvements
enhance mixing late in the combustion process to improve soot burn-out.
- Piston top structures like cavities are used to help deflect the fuel spray and evenly
distribute the fuel within cylinder.

6
 Aftertreatment is
-which are devices that treat the exhaust gas after it leaves the engine. Aftertreatment
systems can remove or convert some of the pollutants in the exhaust gas, such as PM, NOx,
CO, and HC, into less harmful substances.
- Some of the common aftertreatment systems for diesel engines are
diesel particulate filters (DPF), selective catalytic reduction (SCR), diesel oxidation catalysts
(DOC), and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).

Figure 10. Emissions when released into the environment

Aftertreatment Systems

Aftertreatment Systems are:

1. diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) : It consists of stainless steel and inside its substrate
the substrate is made of ceramic material and is coated with catalytic metals such as
platinum or palladium.
It is located near the exhaust manifold to allow rapid heating and thus rapid oxidation of
CO2 and HC can reduce the total fine particulate matter by a small percentage and oxidize
CO2 and HC
- It includes the following three stages:
a.) Oxygen binds to a catalytic site.
b.) Reactive substances, such as carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, diffuse to the surface and
react with bound oxygen.
c.) Reaction products, such as carbon dioxide and water vapor, are absorbed from the
catalytic site and diffuse into the bulk of the exhaust gas

Figure 11. diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC)

7
2. Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF): The exhaust gas flows through filter, which consists of
a fine pore ceramic structure and porous wall inside Consist of cordierite, silicon carbide,
and aluminum titanate, during which the PM and soot are then deposited and collected.

Figure 12. Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF):

3. Closed crankcase ventilation (CCV)
- This system consists of a multi-stage filter designed to collect, combine and return the
lubricating oil released to the engine sump. The filtered gases are returned to the intake
system, balancing the differential pressures involved. Closed crankcase ventilation
- Typical systems consist of a filter housing, pressure regulator, pressure relief valve, and oil
check valve.
- Integrates closed crankcase filter systems with DOCs or DPFs to reduce PM emissions
associated with both crankcase and exhaust pipe ventilation.

Figure 13. positive crankcase ventilation

8
4.Selective catalytic reduction :
- SCR catalysts, made from porous ceramic Materials like titanium oxide, use metal base
oxides, zeolites, or precious metals as active components, with activated carbon being
Another option for low-temperature NOx removal.
- operation : AdBlue is injected into the exhaust pipe upstream of the SCR catalyst by
using a pump and injector, the injection is controlled by the ECU, which detects the
condition of the engine through sensors and determines the amount of urea to be injected.
Under the influence of temperature Urea turns into ammonia (NH3), where ammonia causes
Nox to separate into (N+H2O).

Figure 14. Selective catalytic reduction

5.Lean NOX catalysts (LNCs)
-NOx catalysts provide another catalytic pathway to reduce NOx in an oxygen-rich exhaust stream.
Operating characteristics
NOx adsorption technology removes NOx in the oxygen-rich exhaust
1. Oxidation of NO to NO2 catalytically via a precious metal catalyst.
2. Storing nitrogen dioxide in the adjacent alkali oxide holding site as nitrate.
3. The stored NOx is then removed periodically in a two-step regeneration process
- A step by temporarily inducing a rich exhaust condition followed by reduction to nitrogen
-The second step is through a traditional triple catalytic reaction

9
 1.Engine Cooling : Check the thermostat and use green water: If engine is too cooled,
the combustion in diesel engine will increase fuel consumption, and thus the emissions will
increase (CO, HC,and PM) and lake of engine power due to incomplete combustion and the
CI engine depends on high temperature to burn the injected fuels.If engine is over heated, the
NOx will be increased and Increased wear rate of moving parts of the engine
2.Engine Lubricant : Lubricating oil can contribute to increased HC and CO emissions and
particle matter emissions. Lubricating oil consumption ash accumulation can have a
significant impact on the diesel particulate filters (DPF).
3. maintenance piston ring / turbocharge lubrcite / pcv increace CO / HC / SO4 / PM
Engine Maintenance

Figure 15. Places where oil enters the combustion chamber

3.Engine Failure :
- Air filter clogging (dirty) : Increased PM and CO; can increase full throttle PM
considerably
- Air-fuel ratio control : Causes excessive PM during acceleration becauce mixture is reach
- Worn piston rings : High PM from low compression/oil leak
- Leaking valve seals : Blue smoke from oil consumption, hydrocarbons increased0
- Injection timing setting : Advance causes increased NOx, retard increased hydrocarbons,
CO and PM
- Injector plugging : Asymmetric spray can cause increase hydrocarbons, CO and PM
- Worn injector spray holes : Increase hydrocarbons, CO and PM
- low EGR flow : Increased NOx emissions
- Excessive EGR flow : Increased particulate matter and CO emissions
- Diesel particulate filter damaged : Increased CO and PM emissions
- Diesel particulate filter blockage : May have little noticeable effect on emissions
- NOx aftertreatment damage or malfunction : Increased NOx emissions

LO3
P6: Achieved ⃣ P6: Not Achieved ⃣

P6: Interview Sheet ⃣

10
3. Analyze the emission types and sources of compression ignition engines at complete and
incomplete combustion process .

Figure 16.

Complete Combustion Incomplete Combustion

DEs
(Stochiometric) (Lean + Rich)
Lean (16:1) : 28 g/h.kw / Rich (12:1) : 525
g/h.kw
-If the mixture is rich, the amount of carbon
Complete Combustion (λ = 1) (14.7:1) : 100 monoxide increases as a result of increasing
g/h.kw speed and increasing the amount of fuel, and
CO
-With sufficient oxygen available,CO thus the mixture is not homogeneous.
formation is minimal - There is little carbon monoxide in the poor
mixture because the amount of fuel injected is
small and results from the lack of homogeneity
of the injected fuel with the air.
Lean (16:1) : / Rich (12:1) The specific
amount of carbon dioxide produced
depends on the chemical composition of the
Complete Combustion (λ = 1) (14.7:1) : This diesel fuel, the efficiency of the combustion
is the main emission of complete combustion process and the homogeneity of the mixture.
CO2 and naturally increases as the combustion -If the mixture is rich, the percentage of carbon
process becomes more efficient and the dioxide decreases
mixture is homogeneous -If the mixture is poor, the percentage of
carbon dioxide increases as a result of the
reaction of the hydrocarbon with a large
amount of oxygen.

11

Complete Combustion (λ = 1) (14.7:1) : 140
g/h.kw
HC -Complete combustion ensures that all fuel
molecules are burned efficiently, leaving
minimal unburned HC emissions
Complete Combustion (λ = 1) (14.7:1) : 7.5
g/h.kw
-Although lower than in incomplete
NOx
combustion, NOx formation still occurs due to
higher combustion temperatures and increased
air density.
Complete Combustion (λ = 1) (14.7:1)
PM -Complete combustion produces fewer
particles due to a homogeneous mixture
LO3
M3: Achieved ⃣ M3: Not Achieved
M3: Interview Sheet
12
Lean (16:1) : 135 g/h.kw / Rich (12:1) : 185
g/h.kw
-If the mixture is rich, the amount of
hydrocarbon increases, thus a heterogeneous
mixture. As a result of the increased amount of
fuel
- If the mixture is poor, the amount of
hydrocarbon is low, so the mixture is not
homogeneous as a result of the small amount
of fuel injected.
Lean (16:1) : 8.9g/h.kw / Rich (12:1) : 0.5
g/h.kw
-If the mixture is rich, the amount of nitrogen
oxides decreases and thus the mixture is not
homogeneous. As a result of the increased
amount of fuel and less air
- If the mixture is poor, the amount of nitrogen
oxides increases, and therefore the mixture is
not homogeneous due to the small amount of
fuel injected. Increasing the amount of air and
temperature
Lean (16:1) : / Rich (12:1)
-If the mixture is rich, the amount of particles
increases and therefore the mixture is not
homogeneous. As a result of the increased
amount of fuel and lack of air during start-up
and acceleration
- If the mixture is poor, the amount of particles
decreases and therefore the mixture is not
homogeneous due to the decrease in the
amount of fuel injected and the increase in the
amount of air at idle speed and medium
speeds.
⃣
⃣
4. Evaluate the emission control system and associated components used which is showed in
figure 17

Figure 17

 Fuel quality
- Improved cetane number Effect on emissions Improved combustion efficiency reduces
Pre-Treatment Systems

unburned hydrocarbons and particulate emissions but increases NOx

- Reducing the amount of ash to reduce emissions of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide using
fuel additives
-Biodiesel has become popular in recent decades because its high oxygen content can
significantly reduce fine particulate matter emissions
 Water Injection
-Addition of water to the diesel process decreases combustion temperatures and lowers NOx
emissions. The most common methods of introducing water are direct injection into the cylinder

13
  injection (timing – pressure)
1) Injection timing affects combustion phasing retarding the combustion phasing can be used
to limit NOx emissions.
 2) Injection Pressure : Precisely delivers fuel in fine droplets for better atomization and
complete combustion, reducing PM
Engine Control Systems

-Higher injection pressure can lower soot emissions; especially important when combined with
NOx control technologies such as EGR that would otherwise increase soot emissions
 Exhaust Gas Recirculation
- It takes part of the exhaust and recycles it again through the EGR valve to determine the amount
of the recycled part based on driving conditions: During idle and low speeds, the mixture is rich,
i.e. a small amount of oxygen, and therefore it opens gradually, it can reach 90% open. During
full acceleration and while starting the engine, the valve is completely closed However, when part
of the exhaust is returned, the soot returns with it into the combustion chamber and can lead to
damage or corrosion of surfaces
 Intake Boosting
Variable geometry turbocharging (VGT):
-which delivers variable quantities of pressurized air based on driving conditions, has been
effective in reducing PM emissions by maintaining lean in the engine. Reducing NOX
Diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs)
+Aftertreatment Systems

It is located near the exhaust manifold to allow rapid heating and thus rapid oxidation of CO2 and
HC can reduce the total fine particulate matter by a small percentage and oxidize CO2 and HC
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
AdBlue is injected into the exhaust pipe upstream of the SCR catalyst by using a pump and
injector, the injection is controlled by the ECU, which detects the condition of the engine through
sensors and determines the amount of urea to be injected. Under the influence of temperature
Urea turns into ammonia (NH3), where ammonia causes Nox to separate into (N+H2O).

14
 1.Worn piston rings : High PM from low compression/oil leak
2. Leaking valve seals : Blue smoke from oil consumption, hydrocarbons increased0
3.Worn injector spray holes : Increase hydrocarbons, CO and PM
4.low EGR flow : When the flow decreases, there is an increase in temperature and an increase in
the amount of oxygen in the cylinder, which increases the emissions of nitrogen oxides and the
Engine Maintenance

occurrence of knocking.
5.Excessive EGR flow : Increased particulate matter and CO emissions
6.engine coolent : If the engine is cooled too much, there will be an increase in fuel consumption
during combustion, which will increase (Co-Hc-PM) emissions and reduce engine power due to
incomplete combustion.
-Diesel engines rely on high temperature combustion of injected fuel
-If heating is done too much, there will be an increase in nitrogen oxide emissions and increased
wear on moving parts
7.Diesel particulate filter damaged : Increased CO and PM emissions
8.Diesel particulate filter blockage : Partially burned fuel particles agglomerate inside the
chamber, which may cause abrasion/corrosion of surfaces, cause knocking, and may cause
blockage of the injector nozzle and cause an increase in PM-Co emissions.

LO3
D3: Achieved ⃣ D3: Not Achieved ⃣

D3: Interview Sheet ⃣

15
 Task No. 2
1. The following different symptoms are related to three buses;
d) Identify the damaged part
e) discuss the reason that led to these symptoms.
f) Demonstrate the appropriate repair strategy for each symptom.

Figure 18.

Bus No. (1) Bus No. (2) Bus No. (3)

 Starting issues.  Poor starting  Power loss when under
 Poor idle.  Loss of power, under stress load.
 Engine does not reach or when accelerating  Check engine lights is on.
Symptoms

full RPM.  Excessive fuel consumption  Engine runs rough or stalls.

 Increased fuel  Excessive smoke  Your engine won't start.
consumption.  Erratic running (surging or  Fuel pump quits.
 Rough and Poor engine sputtering), cylinder knock  Decreased fuel economy.
performance. or misfiring
 Smoke from the tail pipe
Damage Part

 Fuel filter  Fuel injector  Fuel pump

16
 If the injector has a problem and
there are deposits of carbon on
If the fuel is dirty, this will
it, it will lead to a
cause impurities to enter the
If the fuel filter is clogged, heterogeneous mixture as a
pump, which will lead to
it will lead to a weakness in result of blocking the needle
blocking the internal parts,
the flow rate, which leads to hole with carbon, thus the
Discussion

which hinders its performance

an increase in fuel automazetion process is bad.
and thus corrosion of the
consumption and a poor Or there is leakage from the
internal parts, thus reducing the
mixing ratio, which always needle hole, which leads to an
pressure required to make the
leads to the signs mentioned increase in the amount of fuel,
automazetion, thus a
above. resulting in a heterogeneous
heterogeneous mixture and a
mixture and black smoke
lack of power.
coming out of the exhaust pipe.
Or an electrical problem
Repair Strategy

Clean the injector hole or Change worn parts or change

Replace the fuel filter replace it if the problem is the pump, and it is better to
electrical change the pump

LO4
P7: Achieved ⃣ P7: Not Achieved ⃣

P7: Interview Sheet ⃣

17
2. Carry out diagnostic test for one part of the Common Rail Diesel Injection System
Sensor Actuator
(temp fuel pump ) (injector )
1.Connect the scanning tool plug to kit 1.Connect the scanning tool plug to kit
2.Run the kit in contact mode on 2.Run the kit in contact mode on
3.Steps to access the device: 3.Steps to access the device:
• local diagnoses • local diagnoses
• search(Nissan) • search(Nissan)
• manual select • manual select
• middle and near east • middle and near east
• Egypt • Egypt
• NP300 NAVARA • NP300 NAVARA
• D23 • D23
• System scan • System scan
Diagnostic Steps

• Equipped
• Read fault code faults were read
(Temp fuel pump)
5.Temp fuel pump were worked on using
a Multimeter
6.The device is set to 60V
7.The device ground is placed with the
battery ground
8.The other end was placed
9.First: on the ground end, and its reading
was correct 0v
10.Second: On the signle terminal, its
reading was 0.04v, and this isnot correct
12.The device mode was changed from
60V to buzzer mode and a buzzer sound
occurred
13.The fault is short to ground
• Equipped
• Read fault code faults were read
(injector)
5. injector worked on using a Multimeter
6. First: The device is set to ohm
7.The device ground is placed with the terminal
ground for injector
8.The other terminal was placed on signle
terminal for injector 0.5ohm
9. Second: Set the multimeter to 60 volts
10.Place the positive terminal of the multimeter
on the signal terminal of the injector to read 12
volts

LO4
P8: Achieved ⃣ P8: Not Achieved ⃣

P8: Interview Sheet ⃣

P8: Observation Sheet ⃣

18
 3. Compare two types of diagnostic tests for injector malfunctions and identify
which equipment is the best
Injector malfunctions
Tool

Multimeter oscilloscope

1. First: The device is set to ohm
2.The device ground is placed with the
terminal ground for injector
3.The other terminal was placed on signle
Test Steps
1. One channel in the oscilloscope is connected
to the ground and positive wires
2. Connect the ground terminal of the
oscilloscope to the ground terminal of the

terminal for injector 1ohm battery

4. Second: Set the multimeter to 60 volts
5.Place the positive terminal of the
multimeter on the signal terminal of the
injector to read 12 volts
duration
Test
3. Connect the positive terminal of the
oscilloscope to the ground terminal of the
injector socket
4. The digital injector signal consists of peaks
and troughs of 0-12 volts

10 minutes 10 minutes

First: The coil resistance measurement

-When measuring the injector signal wave
ranges from 0 to 1 ohm, and this indicates
coming from the ECU, the digital wave should
that there is a problem with the coil
Evaluation

consist of peaks and troughs of 0-12 volts. This

resistance.
indicates that the injector puls signal is working
The injection must be changed
well.
Second: Measure the supply voltage and it
-The oscilloscope test is more accurate than the
must be in the range of 11.5 to 12 volts
multimeter in measuring the injector signal
This indicates that the injector support
coming from the control unit.
voltage is correct

LO4
M4: Achieved ⃣ M4: Not Achieved ⃣

M4: Interview Sheet ⃣

19
 4. Regular maintenance of the inline diesel fuel injection pump depends on adjusting the
amount of fuel injected, Create a set of steps identifying how to adjust the amount of fuel
injected.
 Diesel injection intake threading steps:
1 - Obtain the value of the injection quantity from the device’s card. For example, this pump
has the appropriate injection quantity
The combustion chambers of the engine belonging to this pump are from 4.5 cm3 to 5 cm3
2- Set the pressure valve switch for the diesel coming out of the device to approximately 1 bar,
as there is no need for high pressure, as the units will pump diesel in this case.
3 - Engage the speed control levers in the speed position from zero to 1000 rpm
4 - Limit the number of sprays specified on the device card to 100 sprays.
5 - Determine the direction of rotation of the device and the rotation of the pump according to
the pump identification card (R) to the right.
6 - Determine the length of the toothed rack according to the device card (9 mm).
7 - Turn on the device to rotate the pump using the lever to determine the direction of rotation
and set the speed to 1000 speeds per minute
8 - Press the button to remove the barrier from the sprinklers so that the sprays are inside the
listed testers (the testers must be cleaned of any amount of diesel that may be present in them).
9 - The spray barrier returns to its previous position when the sprinklers have completed 100
sprays.
- (Stops the rotation of the device and reads the amount of diesel inside the tester).
10 - The amount of diesel in the laboratories must be equal to the device capacity (from 4.5 cm3
to 5 cm3 per unit)

Figure 17. Adjusting the fuel injection amount for the inline injection pump

20
11 - In the event of an increase or decrease in the quantity of any unit, the partial gear
tensioning bolt should be loosened and the connecting link between the partial gear and the
slotted piston should be free to move.
12 - Using a special tool (a small pin), move the connector to the right to decrease if the
quantity is excess and to the left if the quantity is incomplete (there are holes in the connector
designated for this).
13 - Re-tighten the partial gear tension bolt on the link well.
14 - Repeat steps (6-7-8-9) until all unit quantities are controlled.
- Thus, the pump has been adjusted and is ready to be installed with its motor.
LO4
D4: Achieved ⃣ D4: Not Achieved ⃣

D4: Interview Sheet ⃣

References & Sources

Tas Questi References& Sources
k on
1. Academic materials
2. My study notes
3. https://www.dw.com/ar/%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-
%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AF-
One %D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%
D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85-
Task No. (1)

%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1-
%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%B1-
%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9/a-42396108
1.My study notes
Two 2.Academic materials
3.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0016236120302908
1.My study notes
Three
2.Academic materials
1.My study notes
Four
2.Academic materials
One 1.My study notes
Task No.

Two 1.My study notes

(2)

Three 1.My study notes

Four 1. Academic materials

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