Chemistry important terms

DENSITY: Mass per unit volume of a substance is called its density FORMULA: DENSITY=mass/volume UNIT OF DENSITY: Density of a solid or liquid is expressed in (kg/m3) (g/cm3). SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

The specific gravity of a substance is the ratio of its mass to the mass of an equal volume of water at specific temperature.
OR The ratio of density of a substance to the density of water at 4 C is also known as Specific Gravity of substance. FORMULA: Specific Gravity = Mass of substance Mass of an equal volume of water
OR

Specific Gravity=Density of substance Density of water at 4 C MATTER: Any substance which possesses mass and occupies space is called matter. OR Matter is the stuff of which the matter is made. ELEMENT: Any substance in which all the atoms are chemically identical having same atomic number. OR An element is a simple substance in which cannot be further divided Into other simpler substances by ordinary chemical process COMPOUND: Compound is pure substance which is comprised of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion by mass. OR When two or more elements react chemically, they lose their respective properties and form a compound.

MIXTURE: A mixture is a material containing two or more components which have not been chemically united and the components of the mixture retain properties. OR A mixture is that substance which is composed of two or more substances in which there is no Chemical Bonding and the substances have been mixed in variable proportion. SYMBOL: A symbol is an abbreviation for the chemical name of an element and represents only one atom of the element. ATOM: An atom is the smallest particle of matter which takes part in chemical reaction (except atom of Inert gases).It may not have independent existence. It possess all the properties of the element

Molecule
A molecule may be defined as the smallest particle of matter formed by the combination of more like or unlike atoms and it has independent existence in nature. The smallest particle of a substance that can exist independently and has the properties of the substance is called a molecule. VALENCY: The power of an element to combine with other elements is known as valency. RADICAL: A radical is a single atom or a group of different atoms which behaves like a single unit and remains unchanged during chemical reaction OR Whenever an atom gains or loses electron or electrons the resulting species is a radical. FORMULA: A molecule of a substance whether it may be of element or a compound is represented by the symbols. Such a representation is called formula. OR The representation of molecule of substance in terms of symbols is called formula. EMPIRICAL FORMULA: The formula which gives simple ratio between the atoms of different elements. OR A formula which shows the smallest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in the compound is called Empirical Formula. It is actually the simplest formula of a compound. MOLECULAR FORMULA: A formula which indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound is called a Molecular Formula. It gives us the

information about the exact number of atoms of each element in the molecule. ATOMIC MASS: The atomic mass of an element is the average relative mass of the isotopes of that element referred to the atomic mass of carbon which is considered as 12.0000 amu. Atomic mass can be determined very accurately with the help of mass spectrometer. MOLECULAR MASS: The sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms present in a molecule is called Molecular Mass. OR The molecular mass of an element when it exists in the form of molecule or of a compound is the average mass of the molecule as compared to one atom of 6C GRAM ATOMIC MASS: Atomic mass of an element expressed in grams Gram Atomic Mass. It is also known as Gram Atom. GRAM MOLECULAR MASS: Molecular mass of any compound expressed in grams is called grams molecular mass. It is also called gram molecule. MOLE: The atomic mass or molecular mass or formula mass of substance expressed in grams is called a mole. FORMULA FOR NUMBER OF MOLES: Number of moles= Mass of substance in gram Molecule mass of substance AVOGADROS NUMBER (N): The number of particles (atom or molecules) in one mole of a substance is 6.023*10. It is known as Avogadros number. Actually the value of this number is very large i.e. six hundred two thousand billion.

Measurement is the process observing and recording the observations that are collected as part of a research effort.

MATTER 1They have luster (shine) like gold and silver 2They reflect heat and light 3These elements are good conductors of heat and electricity. 4Some are ductile and can be drawn into wires. 5 Some elements are malleable and can form thin sheets

NON-MATTER 1They have no luster like Sulphur iodine 2They do not reflect heat and light 3These elements are poor conductors of heat and electricity 4They are not ductile i.e. they cant be drawn into wires because they are brittle 5They are not malleable and cant form thin. sheets

MIXTURE It is an impure substance. There is no definite proportion of the components. It can be taking any quantity of the components Constituents of a mixture Are not chemically united. Constituents of a mixture Retain their original properties And so nothing new is formed It can be separated into its components by simple physical methods. It composition is not fixed. Different portions of mixture possess different composition and properties.

COMPOUND It is a pure substance There is always a definite proportions of the component Constituents of a compound are chemically united. Constituent of a compound does not retain. Their characteristics properties and something new is formed. It can not be separated by physical methods Its composition is fixed A compound possesses similar composition and properties throughout

ATOMIC MASS Atomic Mass is the number Of times one atom of hydrogen

MOLECULAR MASS 1. The Molecular Mass of a. Substance (An element or a compound) is the number of times one Than one twelfth of one atom of carbon 12.