5.

First Order Linear Ode :

• First order linear ODE can be given by:

Equation is called homogeneous equation if

Then the general solution to equation is given by:

∫

Then the general solution to equation is given by:

∫ ∫

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6. BernOuLLi equatiOn:
This equation take the form:

Notes :
• If then equation turn to first order linear ODE .
• If then equation turn to separable equation.
• If then the general solution to equation given by:

∫( ∝) ∝ ∫

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Example:

Find the general solution for the following equations:

(1) 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 .

(2) 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑦 .

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Solu.(1): 𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑒 . ⟶ (∗)

𝑃 𝑥 = 1 , 𝐺(𝑥) = 𝑒

Then the general solution of equation (∗) given by :

∫
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒∫ 𝐺 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫
⇒𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐 + ∫ 𝑒∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 = c𝑒 + 𝑒 .

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Solu.(2):
𝑦̀ + 𝑦 = 𝑦

⇒ 𝑃 𝑥 = 1, 𝐺 𝑥 = 1, 𝛼 = 2

∫( ∝) ∝ ∫
𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 1 −∝ 𝐺 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

∫( ) ∫
⇒𝑦 𝑥 =𝑒 𝑐+ 𝑒 1 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐− 𝑒 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑐+𝑒 = 𝑐𝑒 + 1.

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Exercises :

solve the initial value problem:

1) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 tan 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥 , 𝑦 0 =1 .

2) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 sin 𝑥 = 𝑒 , 𝑦 0 = −2.5 .

3) 𝑦́ + 𝑦 = 𝑦 , 𝑦(0) = − .

4) 𝑦́ + 𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑦 , 𝑦 0 =3.

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Exercises :

solve the following differential equations, indicate which method you are used :

1) 𝑦́ + 2𝑦 = 0.

2) 𝑦́ = 1 − 𝑦 .

3) 2 𝑥 y 𝑦́ + 𝑥 − 1 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑒 .

4) 𝑦́ + 4𝑥𝑦 = 𝑒 , 𝑦 0 = −4.3 .

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