READING AND WRITING
DESCRIPTION ELEMENTS
PATTERN
A pattern is a recurring or regular arrangement
of elements. This can be visual, like a geometric
pattern on fabric, or more abstract, like a
pattern of behavior or events.
IMPORTANCE OF PATTERN IN WRITING
- Organize
- Engage
- Impact
NARRATION AND DESCRIPTION
NARRATION DEFINITION
- Narration is the act of telling a story. It
recounts events in a chronological order,
detailing what happened, when, and how.
NARRATION PURPOSE
- Narration aims to engage the reader by
transporting them into the story and guiding
them through the sequence of events. It can be
used to entertain, inform, or persuade the
audience.
NARRATION ELEMENTS
Setting: The time and place where the story
unfolds.
Plot: The sequence of events in the story.
Characters: The individuals involved in the
Story.
Point of view: The perspective from which the
story is narrated (e.g., first-person, third-
person).
DESCRIPTION DEFINITION
Description is the act of providing sensory
details to create a mental picture of something
in the reader's mind. It goes beyond simply
naming things and delves into details about
their appearance, sound, smell, taste, and
texture.
DESCRIPTION PURPOSE
Description helps the reader visualize the
characters, settings, and objects in the story.
It can also evoke emotions and create a specific
atmosphere.
Sensory details: Words that appeal to the five
senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).
Figurative language: Similes, metaphors,
personification, etc., to add depth and vividness
to the description.
FIVE SENSORY DETAILS
Sight: Refers to the visual information we
perceive through our eyes.
Example: The red rose bloomed in the garden.
Smell: Refers to the olfactory information we
perceive through our nose.
Example: The freshly brewed coffee emitted a
rich aroma.
Taste: Refers to the gustatory information we
perceive through our taste buds.
Example: The cake tasted sweet and chocolaty.
Touch: Refers to the tactile information
perceive through our skin.
Example: The soft fur of the cat felt smooth and
warm.
Hearing: Refers to the auditory information we
perceive through our ears.
Example: The waves crashed against the shore
with a roaring sound.
Definition and its Types
Definition
This pattern aims to explain the meaning of a
term, concept, or idea.
Definitions clarify the meaning of words or
concepts, ensuring everyone understands the
information presented.
Formal Definition
- Provides a concise and precise explanation,
typically found in dictionaries. Often uses the
following structure:
01 Term being defined
02 Class of the term (category it belongs to)
03 Differentiating characteristics (what makes it
unique within its class)
Informal Definition
- Uses simpler language, synonyms, examples,
or descriptions to explain the meaning in more
accessible terms.
- Often used in everyday writing or explanations
for a general audience.

Synonym Definition
- Uses a word with similar meaning to clarify the
term being defined.

Etymological Definition
- Explores the origin and historical development
of a word's meaning.

Exemplification and Classification

Exemplification
Exemplification uses specific examples,
illustrations, or anecdotes to explain, clarify, or
support a general idea.

Why it's useful

Examples make abstract concepts more
concrete and relatable for the reader. They can
also break down complex ideas into smaller,
easier-to-understand pieces.

Classification
Classification involves
organizing items or ideas into
categories based on shared
characteristics.

Why it's useful

Classification helps readers understand the
relationships between different things. It
creates a clear structure and makes information
easier to find and remember.