SECTION A:

1. (B) An isotope that emits radiation

2. (B) Treating cancer
3. (A) Uranium
4. (A) A table for arranging elements based on their atomic numbers
5. (C) They group elements with similar chemical properties.
6. (C) Sodium
7. (B) Halogens
8. (C) Noble gases
9. (A) It increases

SECTION B:
10. Group
11. Period
12. Periodicity

SECTION C:
13. Group 1 elements, such as sodium and potassium, react vigorously with oxygen to
produce metal oxides.
14. Non-metals, like carbon and sulfur, react with oxygen to form non-metal oxides.
15. The process of rusting occurs when iron reacts with oxygen and moisture to form
iron oxide (rust).
16. The combustion of fossil fuels, like gasoline, involves the reaction with oxygen to
produce carbon dioxide and water.

SECTION D:
1. A. Atomic number 7 (Nitrogen): 2 electrons in the first shell, 5 electrons in the
second shell.
B. Atomic number 15 (Phosphorus): 2 electrons in the first shell, 8 electrons in the
second shell, 5 electrons in the third shell.
B. Chemical symbol with net charge:
Mg
25
+
Mg
25+

D. Mass Number: 25
E. Protons: 12
G. Electrons: 12
Distillation vs. Fractional Distillation:

Distillation is a process that separates components based on their boiling points.

Fractional distillation is a more precise form of distillation that separates components
with similar boiling points.
Distinguishing Terms Based on Passage of Light:

A. Solutions: Solutions are transparent and do not scatter light. The solute particles
are very small and do not settle.
B. Suspensions: Suspensions are cloudy or opaque. The particles are larger and may
settle over time.
C. Colloids: Colloids are intermediate, with particles larger than those in solutions but
smaller than those in suspensions. They scatter light, making the mixture appear
cloudy or milky.