cases

material.
: some ofEmesis 2.
plenty hebrain removed
tprevents monoxide GENERAL 1. 312
Convulsant Immediate
KerOsene
drug(iüi) oi(ii)l () Note Emesis Poisonstissue Poisons When
of and
OCcur.
powder
(4) (3) (2Vomiting
(5) Mustard
Mechanically ) (1) Ingestion for
: plays
water bleeds. liver the poisonîng or (d) (c) (6)
used
shouldwithin Vomiting into introduced fresh TREATMENT Anaesthetics-Ether,
Deliriant-Datura, (iv)
Intoxicants-Alcohol.
CHCI3(iii) ()
Apomorphine 3Ipecac poison Acting
from removal PoisonsActingbelladonna.
teaspoonfuls or through
if can of very should body
Neutralise air.
surface
the be3-5 syrup corrosives from appears
administered be should important circulating
cavities from acting on on
poisonminutes. due cardiacspinal
orinducedaspiration be reaching absorption,
(6mg) of powder. neutralised the to peripherally-CO2, to the OF
itself salt never have cord-Nux HOSPITAL
vomiting (acids role shouldpoison snake environment system--Digitals,
POISONING
The
causes in by
pneumonia blood.
parentrallyis be in vital occurredthe
water. following bite
a only and
attempted poisoning by be by
may Makeorgans patient AND
CNS prompt
gases), thoroughly a a needs vomica
disadvantage specific suitable due CLINICAL
depressant. and may an :
methods.induce like must to C0,
with tournicating
incision aconite,
should vomiting perforations
occur. in gases
chemical method. heart, be coal
convulsions. the oral washed immediately like gas. PHARMACY
never is followingingestion (cut) tobacco
usually
that kidneys, carbon
may agent. which
with and
be it

Acid 1.Drug Com because

4. outby
ir Gastri 3.
GENERAD
Hyd 6.Asp 5. Alka 4. Ace 3. Alka 2.
It (ii) (ii) () Was It
is
Ke stry tine () (iv)
 HydrocarbonsAspirin
6. 5. Alkaloids 4.
(NicoAcetaminophen Alkalies 2.
3. (caustic) (Corrosive)
Acids 1. Drug because
4. out 3.
GENERAL
Thinner
Kerosene,
Gasoline,
Paint, quinine,
strychnine) tine, Common
It (") (iv) 8(i) (i) Washings () byGastric
It
should
ofpowder. Use inserting is
100 NaHCO3,
30
risk gm
of necessaryLavagePRINCIPLES
Antidotes of
never
of emetics,
mlgm are
inhalation activated
charcoalin liquid(Mag. catheter
usually
2 if :
bonate
sodium
bicar Activated
charcoal
with Mineral
followed permanganate
10,000)
(1:Potassium vinegar) juiceWeaklavage.emesis
cysteine
Acetyl AntacidAntidote
be gm OF
inducing
Avoid
nesia)alkali : or the
attempted paraffin+150
e.g., to
Sod. 300 indone inpoison CLINICAL
1l or
acid (Milk of
or common
to byoil stomach with
sulphate alimentary
2%. cathartics h is
diluted of in
lavage (Lemon gastric
ingested.
: TOXICOLOGY
antagonism.
Chemical
mag weak drowsy ml
contents.
POONTK7HAR.HAVANAMSHIFAPOST
salt,water.water.
ipURAAN cana
Mechanical,
chemical
Adsorption. antagonism. protects
against
Chemicalhepatic
and renal Restores Chemical
glutathione Mechanism powder,
mustard
ipecac
or COL EGE ypto The
in
antagonism. antagonism. water).
MPISTRICKTE,RALA poison
Stomach,
OF
antagonism,
coma
failure.
depleted
Stores, patients P"ARACY washed is
313
 saltsDrug
Iron 7. 314
poisons from it dialysis
dialysis
fluid
Circulatory
into done be Unknown
5. 13. Phenol12. Lead11.Narcotics10. Methanol 9. 8.
is Arsenic,
mercurycopper
lead,
present kept
Intravenous
fluids
are Dialysis
Peritoneal
dialysis (iüi) Acceleration (opoid)
dialysis In Haemodialysis
in (v) (iv) Diuresis(ii) ()
Hacmodialysis,
like fluid
amphetamine in Purgation
impairment or
mind
fluid which
rbiturates, high in
not of
concentration and peritoneal elimination
is
poisoning.
poison athen to Activated
charcoal castor)(oliveorEDTA) (edetate
Ca
Sodium-calcium
andvegetable oi l Naloxonelavagebonate
3%Sodium
bicarcaprol
Penicillamine,
Chelation
Di m lavage1%
bicarbonate
sodium
Desferrioxamine
er- Antidote
semipermeable overhydrate
pulmonary
oedema.
(Deferoxamine),
bromides, administered
even excreteto lavage
drainedcavity.
passes HOSPITAL
into Peritoncal of
poisons later
boricpassively and
Poison
the the on,
membrane replaced. AND
acid,fluid. dialysis patient
in antidote Chelation
Adsorption mechanical receptor
opoid
Competitive
inhibitor Chemical
sites atantagonism ions.
Chelation
Mechanism
from
It the CLINICAL
salicylates, is
involves diuresis should
Forced poisons.as It
useful t
separateshe blood it of
blood, may ferTOusof
lead PHARMACY
enters
digitalis, for instilling lead
manywhèreblood ions
the is to
 antidotes
e-g.Systenmic
, 3. e.g., 2. used oils,
fats, act 1. ANTIDOTES
antidotes. alcohol.
methyland GENERAL
6.
Chemical Mechanical
antidotes Treatment
They by
These Remedies
Caffeine They in Universal
antidotes. Chemical
antidotes
4.
Mechanical
Systemic
antidotes antidotes
3. 2. 1. anaphylaxis, In
6. overcome5. To4. 3. 2. For 1.
forming adrenaline
used.
are barbiturates.
(ii) (ü) (i) They useful.
respiration
artificial For pains
ConvulsionsMorphine PRINCIPLES
produce egg
react adsorbing substances
antidotes increase of
for Mg0KMn04 Acids with albumin, a which asphyxia, can
coat
can general
morphine; the or are poison alkaloidal be
sulphate
interfere be relieved in OF
action used
calciumneutralised over counteract
classified dehydration and
activated ie., body
symptoms CLINICAL
in to corticosteroids
antihistamineand restlessness
Atropinewhich opium form poisons. mucous and or
temperature
oxide with suffocation, by
as: the pethidine
by
harmless charcoal oxygen blood atropine. TOXICOLOGY
are neutralises
poisoning. membrane the
for alkalies effect
opposite
ilocarpine. absorption transfusion can
(4-8 through
cessation relievessponge
or of
acids.
andinsoluble of be
to vice-versa. gm) the poison
of nasal controlled pain. with
that stomach,
ispoison. is
of advised.
of compounds, specifically are catheter is Abdominal water.
breathing,
poisOn, called
e.g.,They with with 315
 Symptoms INSECTICIDE
POISONING
compounds,
Organophosphorous
compounds 1. are heavy
Examples :enzymes agents 5.
metals.Chelating Uses : Universal
notantidotes 4. 316
NauseaGiddiness
* Malaise *
* Headache * Insecticidesare water
sweating
Profuse * Diarrhoea Chelating
agentsare MilTannic
k acid : Tannic
acid(or known It
MgO(powdered)
Charcoal
metals. Charcoal: is
pyrophospharamide
Octamethyl
(ii) (i) () DesferrioxamineEDTA BAL soluble. and They of (milk given
D.D.T. magnesia or
Tetraethyl
Hexacthyl other They form
Adsorbent of where in
and functional
Precipitates magnesia)
promotestable, strong
tea) all
generally : more such
pyrophosphate
tetraphosphate Endrin. widelyneutralises It
soluble, of thancases
dissociation
macromolecules. alkaloids,toxins HOSPITAL
discussed used part 1part parts
1 2onewhere
non-toxic and poison
(TEPP)(HETP) as acid.
of
specific glycosides and
alkaloids the AND
as bound is
(OMPA) complexes suspectednature CLINICAL
organo-phosphorous These
antidotes
mnetal of
metal
fromn with
many tothe PHARMACY
chelates
for poison
be
tissuesomeheavy metals. taken.
is
(Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
Symptoms DDT 2. Treatment Antidote GENERAL
AbdominalAspain * * * Treatment Abdominal
cramps
Vomiting,
* *
Parthesias
irritability,
Vomiting,
tremors Excess 4. 3. 2. Anticholinergic,
1. *Excessive
poison isotonic Administration Antidote some
methiodateand
compounds (iü) ventilations. Decontamination
inducingsource
() Respiration PRINCIPLES
is of 25-50 necessary.methiodide in
Another
organophosphoric is
need compoundsdoseAtropine
and cases. consists
generally saliva
of saline saline. followed, of
tongue, mg/kg are of of Therapy vomitingpoison bronchial
like the 2 therapy
Sometimes i.e., OF
and given. antidote mg of
ofThis It is
patient. can
absorbed lips,
paralidoxinecholine
repeated for is sometimes for
given : to byThe : :
atropine secretions, CLINICAL
children. The is antagonise
every
useful then Artificialremove
:washing
face, is suction patients
through dose esterase repeated dose in to
after PAM the15-30 blockbradycardia. TOXICOLOGY
chloride
It of prevent to ingested the
every is of minutes. dose the respiration is must
the reactivation:
given to 1 1 applied the
after may peripheral
external
skin 12 Pyridine-2-aldoxine
2and nicotinic gm/I.V. poiSOn. be cholinergic
as administered in
is removed
ot hours g./I.V.pyridine half beI.M. to issurface
by 5% or higher
or cause
necessary
solutionof is The
symptoms. an by
inhalation. for I.V. action from reactions.
the infusion
hour hyper and
adultsaldoxyoxime as
route
day. per 317
in if of in bythe
 Mechanism
chelates
POISONING
METALS
HEAVY Treatment followed
ultimately Symptoms Endrin 3. of 318
Treatment paralysis
pulmonary Ine
Heavy Vomiting
Abdominal
pain
* *
4. 3. 2. 1. Convulsions Occasionally Tremors
Convulsions 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1.150-1000 symptoms
with Decontamination
Calcium For It
death. by and In InWash
tremorsArtificial
Phenobarbitone Adrenaline Ingested
cathartics.
saline
using of
metals convulsion
is case
chronic
body always coma protein oedema.
mg/kg limb
the
decreases The become of along are
enzymes.block which blood skin respiration muscles
symptomatic. fatal
liver/kidney
poisoning
diet and material body Clonic
barbiturates with with iritation
the must is in its
toxicity dose mayseverestained can weight are and
recommnended. soap some the related
body be remove is
terminate
is iffrom damage dose
required besometimnestonic HOSPITAL of
carried 6 and removed
enzyme can
of (treatment continued
gm.
antibiotic. compounds is eyes,
a
endrin. be mouth patient of convulsion,
fatal
out. a water.
used. in low 100 in observed. blurring AND
system some by dose.
of respiratory for and fat, from mgshould
general gastric hyper CLINICAL
nostrils
a high recommended
the cases. of
as long DDT
carbohydrate site. never lavage irritabilityvision,
they symptomns) failure
time in PHARMACY
be the
torm and and
and cough.
used.
for by
dose and
 Treatment Treatment
Symptoms restlessncss,
Fatal
cyanoSIS.Diarhoca stomach,
becomes dysnoca.
faintness,Symptoms Arsenic I.GENERAL
* Coughing
* * * * * * *
2. muscles.of
1.Tenderness WhitePatchyInflammation Horny LossRedness 1. When Vomiting Nausca,
3. 2. dose:
is
intervals.
Fluid hourly EDTA
recommcnded.
Morphine Stomach
used Dimercaprol of of is
arscnic greenish pale
strips brown growth 130 complained of PRINCPLES
replacement of
weight Chronic cramps
to acts mng initially anxious acute
control skin
of of and wash - dust or
pigmentation
3 fingernails of as toxicity
mg/kg
mucouscornea
toxicitychclatingatropine 300 black
is and consists face, in OF
hypotension. and with
mg. inhaled legs, CLINICAL
membrane
stools in are
use is are is sodium
administered of agent. colour ofnmalaria,dilated :
of skin : given it
contain
pressor may stomach TONICOL00Y
and
to due tachycardia,pupil,
relievemagnesium mucous
cause to
agents
intramuscularly contents vomiting.
colic
pulmonary tinged the
like presence burning
dopamine pain. sulphate with but
ocdema, oflat er
diarhoea,.
pain
at blood.
4 is bile. 19
it in
 poisoning
Chronic poisoning
Acute
Treatment Fatal poisoning
Chronic 320
Symptoms Lead 2.
poisoning
Acute
*
(Dimercaprol)
4.B.A.L. 3. 2. 1. Anaemia
Convulsions
* *speech.
Slurred * * Headache
*Drowsiness,
3. 2. 1. dose ComaBluish * * Delirium
Hallucination lethargy
* *Abdominal
* pain *
complexing
enicillamine agent.ChelationRemoval EDTA
Morphine of Colic Loss Paralysis
Tremors Cramps
Gastric
milk of 0.5 : and pain of
Lead black
is lavage gms. in
even
vision, of of
therapy of used and and and legs,
patient line eyes, limbs
is eggs poisoning death.
constipation
also atropine
as with on loss irritability
with chelating mouth
from with the of
included zinc
edetate sodium
are gums appetite and
British source sulphate HOSPITAL
in calcium agent. used fingers
the of toand
followed
anti
dosage further relieve
magnesium PHHARMACY
CLINICALAND
lewisite
disodium
exposure. colic by
regimel
is
large
is sulphate.
pain.
used used. draughts
as
 Treatment Fatal poisoning
Chronic Treatment poisoning
Acute
Symptoms 3.
GENERAL
Mercury
disturbances
Insomnia
GIT * * * * * Anorexia * * * Pneumonitis * * Abdominal
pain * * *
*Tremors *
L. 1. dose disturbance,
delirium
Nervous
Weight Metallic
Loosening Excessive
salivation 3. 2. 1. Gumsmucous Metallic
Inflammation
Vomiting
ForcedPatient and I.V.forms as
Removal
Stomach
: B.A.L. to PRINCIPLES
3-5 fluids
adsorb it
loss, taste compositionnon-toxic forms may mixed
taste
emesis must grams. of can and
loss should and become
teeth in can bethe a in of
be with vomit OF
or mouth coat
poison. inactivation mouthairways
removed of administered
be
complex
gastric memory with of be CLINICAL
administered over swollen bloodconsist
body washed.
painful
lavage from the
fluid. with of and of
stomach.
as TOXICOLOGY
inflammed the it Egg
mercury loosening long
source
is as
done mercury.
it
is albumin
a stringy
of maintains
complexing Charcoal present
to
exposure. gums of
remove should teeth masses
the can in
mercury. agent the occur of
volume be be
usedgivenbody.
white
and 321
 Symptoms
poisoning SOurces
are :
POISONING
Opium paraldehyde,NARCOTIC
DRUG Treatment Symptoms 322
If Cannabis,
Opium,
etc. Narcotics
BARBITURATE
POISONING
Cardiac
arrest.
weakness
Muscle
* * * Pulmonaryoedema * *
opium 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. confusion
Mental 3.
Alkalisation
Amphetamine hour
inHaemoperfusion for oxygenArtificial
Hypothermia Prolonged
Oliguria Hypotension penicillamine5. 4.
administering
charcoal.
activatedFurther salivation.
choidrucge.ofIn LM.
is the the
Extract
consumed
barbiturate, are
elimination must chronic
severe +5% injection
the be respirationabsorption coma of
of inorganic belladonna
drugs sulphate
urine given toxicity. carbon with
in CO2 and of
large of
which
phenobarbitone.
in intravenously tohaemodialysisdioxide must of respiratory dimercaprol
doses, high pH8 in barbiturates mercury can HOSPITAL
the be
produce
amount. with dose (CO). be
respiration given
sodium till of
depression poisoning,
the is is given
unconsciousness, are given. PHARMACY
CLINICALAND
Narcotics improvement 10 by can
the to
becomes bicarbonate mg a be
available mixture excessive
relieve
the
every controlled
from
Shalo*
plant
occurs.halt-an options of
helps 95%
3 by
 Long Short injectionTreatment tremorS. Symptoms
poisoning
Cannabis 2. Treatment Fatal
dose GENERAL
:constrictionof
temperature
respiratory
2. The Fatal Chronic First
Answer
1. 5. 4. 3. 2.Answer
1. 3. 2. 1.
Universal
Antidote What What What
(b) (a) Write Give Mention Differentrate stomach
of ventilation
responsible Patients
GastricNaloxone
immediately. PRINCIPLES
dose excitement depression
Poisons strychnine poisoning Morphine--200
mg. drops,
procedure
shortQuestions is are Questions
is :Charas
EDTA? gastric lavage takes
pupil
the universal must must
note
REVISION then for and 0.4 cyanosis
and uses between EXERCISE and OF
and be 2000 results
Antidote on for lavage? : necrosis detoxification basic be
is mg
CLINICAL
: ofGive
saline done cardiac
treatment
: dimercaprol antidotes? washed mg/kg kept
Haemodialysis
in in is and place
anorexia, is metabolic to
detail purgatives awake,remove given arrest. TOXICOLOGY
with body followed. ultimatcly and
of of
Narcotic classification warm weight. the either heart
in loss rate asany
toxicology. and are opium.
of unabsorbed in by
death rate
peritoneal verywater. is
drug weight,
moreawake ILMI.V. decreascs.
of useful. occurs
(1995,poisoning.
poisons. Hypodermic
weakness, condition
which drug.
(1997) 1999) dialysis. duc
route Body
is 323
to