Purposive

Communication
Sharjah B. Tuazon, MAT
Lesson 1: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS

TOPICS
• Communication Process
• Communication Barriers
• Communication Skills
• Communication Principles
• Communication Ethics
 Lesson 1: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES,
PRINCIPLES, AND ETHICS
OBJECTIVES

• Explain how communication works

• Define all the elements of communication and
how they affect communication
• Interpret the principles of communication
• Demonstrate the communication ethics
• Describe the functions of verbal and non-
verbal communication in various and
multicultural contexts
Topic 1: COMMUNICATION PROCESS
- is the process by which messages or
information are sent from one person or
place to another
- is the exchange of information and the
expression of feeling that can result in
understanding
From its two definitions, the first one tells
communication is about transmitting a
message, and the second one emphasizes
‘comprehension’ as the purpose of
communication.
- is the backbone of society

“Man by nature is a social animal; an

individual who is unsocial naturally and
not accidentally is either beneath our
notice or more than human. Society is
something that preceded the individual.
Anyone who either cannot lead the
common life or is so self-sufficient as not
to need to, and therefore does not
partake society, is either a beast or a
god.”
Aristotle
Communication is more than speaking and listening but
it also comes in many forms:

Verbal communication is the most usual and most used

form wherein we use our language through sounds
and tone of voice to deliver messages.

Aural communication consists of listening and hearing.

Non-verbal communication consists of what is not

heard but seen such as facial expression, gestures,
behavior towards the sender/receiver and the like.
Communication is more than speaking and listening but
it also comes in many forms:

Written communication is common in businesses and

workplace where communicators are geographically
away from each other. It may be in the forms of email,
text messages, instant messages, blogs, and others.

Visual communication entails signs, symbols, pictures,

graphics, and emojis.
Models of Communication

Aristotle’s Model of
Communication
Models of Communication

Shannon-Weaver
Communication Cycle
Models of Communication

Schramm Model of
Communication
Topic 2: COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
A. Physical Barriers
B. Psychological Barriers
C. Interpersonal Barriers
 COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
A. Physical Barriers

Noise Workplace
design
Temperature Information
overflow
Medium disturbance/
Technical problem Physical
disabilities
 COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
B. Psychological Barriers

Lack of
attention
Lack of trust

Poor retention Closed mind

and filtering
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
C. Interpersonal Barriers

Gender issues

Competition

Culture
Topic 3: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

WikiJob 2019 released Top 10 communication skills that we

must develop in ourselves in order to be effective
communicators:
 Empathy Respect
Confidence Listening

Friendliness Open-Mindedness

Cohesion and Clarity Tone of Voice

Emotional Intelligence Asking Good
Questions
Topic 4: COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

"The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion

that it has taken place." -
Seven (7) C’s of communication:

Completeness
Clarity
Conciseness
Courtesy
Correctness
Concreteness
Consideration
 Topic 5: COMMUNICATION ETHICS

I. COMMUNICATION STYLES
 Effective communication is ethical communication.
Communication is only ethical when it is genuine, open,
cooperative, and sensitive to one’s cultural and social beliefs
and practices. If there is an intent to conceal the truth, or bring
damage to any organization, group or individual person,
communication is considered unethical.

II. COMMUNICATION ETHICS

In communication situations, ethics is best observed
by people who manifest the following:

1. Active and respectful listening (face-to-face)

2. Avoiding prejudice
3. Showing commitment and genuine interest
4. Respecting socio-cultural beliefs and practices
of others
1. Active and respectful listening (face-to-face)

While listening, the following must be considered:

• Body language.
• Eye contact.
• Sense of the message
• Turn taking
The importance of active listening.

Five key aspects of Active Listening

• Pay close attention.
• Show physical manifestations that you are listening.
• Check for understanding.
• Don’t interrupt.
• Respond appropriately.
2. Avoiding Prejudice

Prejudice happens when people take their

past experiences and make certain
assumptions that the same experience will
happen with the same people, given the
same context. Prejudice may be
attributed to culture or personal
preferences.
3. Showing commitment and genuine interest

Being committed means giving sufficient time and

resources to any discussion or conversation, and
being open about any issue that may arise.
THE BELLY BUTTON PSYCHE
4. Respecting socio-cultural beliefs and practices of
others

Learning about others’ different beliefs and

practices should make us become more respectful
of others, being sensitive in communicating with
them, and becoming open-minded.