T11-1 [184 marks]

1a. Draw a labelled diagram of a prokaryotic cell.

[4 marks]

1b. Outline transcription in prokaryotes. [6 marks]

1c. Some prokaryotes cause infectious disease in humans. Explain the principles of vaccination. [8 marks]
2a. Describe four different types of transport of substances across a membrane. [4 marks]

2b. Hormones such as FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone) affect the development of [6 marks]
certain cells by binding to receptors in the plasma membranes. Outline the role of FSH and LH in the menstrual cycle.

2c. In the placenta, many substances are transported across membranes. Explain the structure and role of the [8 marks]
placenta.
3. Where are structures I, II and III found in the human body? [1 mark]
4. The images below show muscle tissue. [1 mark]

Which image shows contracted muscle tissue?

A. I because the dark band is narrower.

B. II because the Z lines are closer together.
C. II because there is less overlap between actin and myosin.
D. I because the dark bands are darker.

5. Which of the following events form the basis of immunity upon which the principle of vaccination is based? [1 mark]
6. In which part of the nephron is salt secreted from the tubule to increase osmotic potential? [1 mark]

7. Where is human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) produced? [1 mark]

A. Ovary
B. Anterior pituitary
C. Embryo
D. Posterior pituitary
8a. Label the following diagram of the eye. [2 marks]

8b. Outline the diversity of stimuli that can be detected by human chemoreceptors. [2 marks]
 The following image represents a model of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase (also known as Rubisco) from
the green alga Chlamydomonas.

8c. Identify the level of protein structure of the part labelled X. [1 mark]

8d. State the role of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase in the Calvin cycle. [1 mark]
8e. State the role of ligaments in human movement. [1 mark]

The following are from the labels of a bag of all purpose white flour (wheat) and a bag of parboil long grain rice.
Amounts shown are per serving.

8f. Compare wheat flour and rice as main dietary sources of energy for humans. [2 marks]
8g. Explain non-competitive inhibition. [2 marks]

8h. Evaluate the benefits of reducing dietary cholesterol in lowering the risk of coronary heart disease. [2 marks]

8i. Explain the changes in ventilation rate during exercise. [2 marks]

9a. The diagram below shows a synapse where the neurotransmitter is dopamine and some of the processes that [3 marks]
take place during nerve transmission.

Explain the effect of cocaine on neurotransmission at a synapse.

9b. Compare convergent and divergent evolution. [2 marks]

9c. Explain how polyploidy can contribute to speciation. [4 marks]

9d. Explain the relationship between the action spectrum and the absorption spectrum of photosynthetic pigments in [3 marks]
plants.

9e. Discuss the difficulties of classifying organisms into trophic levels. [2 marks]

9f. Draw a labelled diagram to show the structure of a sarcomere. [2 marks]

9g. Outline the control mechanism for appetite in humans. [2 marks]

9h. Explain the cause and consequences of biomagnification, using a named example. [4 marks]

9i. Explain the consequences of releasing raw sewage and nitrate fertilizer into rivers. [4 marks]

9j. Explain the roles of actin and myosin in muscle contraction. [4 marks]
9k. Explain the possible health consequences of a diet rich in protein. [3 marks]

10a. Explain the niche concept. [3 marks]

10b. State the missing cell type in the sequence encountered as light enters the retina. [1 mark]
10c. Transport is the function of the protein known as hemoglobin. State the name and function of another protein. Do [1 mark]
not use enzymes or membrane proteins for your answer.

Name: .............................................................
Function: .............................................................

10d. Analyse the electron micrograph for the state of contraction of the muscle fibre. [2 marks]

10e. Explain how Gram staining is used in microbiology. [3 marks]

10f. Explain the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways. [4 marks]

10g. Outline ATP production in muscle fibres during intense exercise. [2 marks]

10h. Outline one reason for the extinction of a named animal species [1 mark]

10i. Discuss the possible consequences of gene therapy. [2 marks]

10j. Describe how the link reaction and the Krebs cycle are related. [2 marks]

10k. Explain the role of ATP in muscle contraction. [2 marks]

10l. Evaluate the health consequences of a diet rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. [2 marks]

11a. State one soil condition that favours denitrification. [1 mark]

11b. Distinguish between oxidation and reduction in biological reactions. [2 marks]

11c. List two structural features of a joint that reduce friction between bones. [2 marks]

1. ..................................................................
2. ..................................................................

11d. State two effects that presynaptic neurons can have on postsynaptic transmission. [1 mark]

1. .............................................................
2. .............................................................
11e. State two products of glycolysis. [1 mark]

1. ..................................................................
2. ..................................................................

List two reasons for increases in the rate of clinical obesity. [2 marks]
11f.
1. ..................................................................
2. ..................................................................

11g. Suggest causes of addiction to drugs. [3 marks]

11h. Discuss the definition of the term species. [3 marks]

11i. Explain the role of cristae in mitochondria. [3 marks]

12. Which types of immunity are acquired by each of the following actions? [1 mark]
13. What is the function of the synovial fluid in the elbow joint? [1 mark]

A. It removes waste products from the surrounding tissue.

B. It provides glucose and oxygen to the cartilage.
C. It lubricates the joint and prevents friction.
D. It prevents the bone from becoming brittle.

14. What would result from drinking large quantities of water? [1 mark]
15. What is the role of calcium ions during muscle contraction? [1 mark]

A. To block the myosin binding site on actin when the muscle is not contracting
B. To move the molecules blocking the myosin binding site on actin
C. To form cross-bridges between the actin and myosin filaments
D. To provide the energy for resetting the myosin heads

16. What is a blastocyst? [1 mark]

A. An unfertilized egg surrounded by follicle cells

B. An unfertilized egg cell expelled by menstruation
C. The follicle when it has swelled up with fluid
D. The embryo when it has become a hollow ball of cells
17. The diagram shows the nephron in a kidney. Which labelled part is permeable to sodium and not to water? [1 mark]

18. Which is the correct sequence of stages in fertilization? [1 mark]

19a. Draw a labelled diagram of the digestive system. [4 marks]

19b. Many people cannot digest lactose and benefit from a diet containing no lactose. Outline the production of [6 marks]
lactose-free milk.

19c. Explain how the kidney helps to retain useful substances in the blood and eliminate substances which the body [8 marks]
does not need.
20a. Describe the production of semen. [6 marks]

20b. Explain the structure and function of the placenta. [8 marks]

20c. Outline the hormonal control of birth. [4 marks]

21. What occurs in the body after the injection of a vaccine containing antigens? [1 mark]

A. Activated B-cells divide to form memory cells.

B. The receiver of the vaccine develops passive immunity.
C. Helper T-cells produce specific antibodies.
D. Macrophages are cloned and destroy the antigen.

22. What happens immediately after the penetration of the egg membrane by a sperm during fertilization? [1 mark]

A. The acrosomal reaction

B. The secondary oocyte develops
C. The blastocyst divides by mitosis
D. The cortical reaction

23. Which hormone increases in concentration in the mother’s blood during early pregnancy? [1 mark]

A. ADH
B. FSH
C. HCG
D. LH
24. What is the role of ligaments in humans? [1 mark]

A. Linking bones together at a joint

B. Preventing friction at a joint
C. Contracting to move a joint
D. Attaching muscles to bones

25. What is produced in the body during HIV infection? [1 mark]

A. Anti-HIV antibiotics
B. Anti-HIV anticodons
C. Anti-HIV antibodies
D. Anti-HIV antigens

26. What first happens to a B lymphocyte when it becomes activated? [1 mark]

A. It divides by mitosis producing a clone of cells.

B. It begins transcription and produces antigens.
C. It differentiates into memory cells.
D. It produces antibodies using its extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER).

2+
 2+
27. During muscle contraction, what is the role of calcium ions ( Ca ) which are released from the sarcoplasmic [1 mark]
reticulum?

A. To cause ATP hydrolysis on myosin filaments

B. To bind to both actin and myosin filaments forming a cross-bridge
C. To cause the cross-bridge to detach itself and start a new cycle
D. To cause binding sites on the actin filaments to be uncovered

28. What is the function of the knee joint? [1 mark]

A. It permits movement in one plane.

B. It allows bones to glide over each other.
C. It facilitates movement in all planes.
D. It allows a wide range of movement.
 29. What is a difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? [1 mark]

© International Baccalaureate Organization 2017

International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®