3. Universal Basic Income a @® Evernote 20200712 15.55.51.wav 73 kB @® Evernote 20200712 15.57.36.wav 83 kB @® Evernote 20200712 15.59.35.wav 3MBFEVENONE WAS THE RIGHT] DARD_OF (iWin ADEGUATE FOR THE HEACTA) ND EL BEN OF THER AND_OF THEIR FAMILY, eWUDiNG FOOD. CLETRING, HOUSING AND MEDI EERE, AUD HEGSSINY SOCDL SERNGES ANTE AGT To SECURE a an NEN PLMENT. ee E rE uh LOREM, Fro SPECIAL CARE mn aSTRTAN oR HE SAME Si iF oF Wolk HALL NTO mincrel RE Pe | UAIWERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS | ite SECOND BILL OF RIGHTS EVERY AMERICAN HAS THE RIGHT TO: 1. 108 2.AN ADEQUATE WAGE AND DECENT LIVING 3.A DECENT HOME 4, MEDICAL CARE 5. ECONOMIC PROTECTION DURING SICKNESS, ‘ACCIDENT, OLD AGE OR UNEMPLOYMENT ‘A GO0D EDUCATION Franklin Roosevelt, in his annual Message to Congress on January 11, 1944 and in a fireside chat to the American people the same evening, stated that: We have come to a clear realization of the fact that true individual freedom cannot exist without economic security and independence. “Necessitous men are not free men." People who are hungry and out of a job are the stuff of which dictatorships are made. In our day these economic truths have become accepted as self-evident. We have accepted, so to speak, a second Bill of Rights under which a new basis of security and prosperity can be established for all — regardless of station, race, or creed.SEEKING BEGUMPURA Foon cals GalLomveoT © They call it Begumpura, a place with no pain/ No taxes or cares, nor own property there/ No wrongdoing, worry, terror or torture/ Oh my brother, I've come to take it as my own/ My distant home, where everything is right/ That imperial kingdom is rich and secure/ Where none are third or second—all are one/ Its food and drink are famous, and those who live there/ Dwell in satisfaction and in wealth/ They do this or that; they walk where they wish/ They stroll through fabled places unchallenged/ Oh, says Ravidas, a tanner now set free/ Those who walk beside me are my friends. (Hawley and Juergensmeyer, 32.) * Aisa chahun raaj main, jahan miley sabhan ko ann/ Chote-barai sabh sum basai, Ravidas rahai parsan (I want a regime where everybody has food/ Ravidas will be happy to see a country where there is no discrimination between lower and upper classes) © “Instead of inflicting these horrible punishments, it would be far more to the point to provide everyone with some means of livelihood, so that nobody's under the frightful necessity of becoming first a thief and then a corpse.” --Thomas More, UtopiaF.A. HAYEK ‘The Defiatioe Fastin, THE ROAD 10 F. A. Hayek In his 1944 book, The Road to Serfdom, F. A. Hayek endorsed the idea of providing people "the security of a minimum income.” He wrote, There can be no doubt that some minimum of food, shelter, and clothing, sufficient to preserve health and the capacity to work, can be assured to everybody. [This is] no privilege but a legitimate object of desire [that] can be provided for all outside of and supplementary to the market systema a Os ie =) EU) Miia tT Te) Where Do We Go From Here: Chaos or Community? (1968): The solution to poverty is to abolish it directly by a now widely discussed measure: the guaranteed income. ... We are likely to find that the problems of housing and education, instead of preceding the elimination of poverty, will themselves be affected if poverty is first abolished. A host of positive psychological changes inevitably will result from widespread economic security. The dignity of the individual wil flourish when the decisions concerning his life are in his hands, when he has the assurance that his income is stable and certain, and when he knows that he has the means to seek self-improvement. There is nothing except shortsightedness to prevent us from guaranteeing an annual Milton Friedman CAPITALISM AND FREEDOM In his 1962 book Capitalism and Freedom, economist Milton Friedman considered methods to help the poor and concluded that "the arrangement that recommends itself on purely mechanical grounds is a negative income tax.” The advantages of this arrangement are clear. It is directed specifically at the problem of poverty. It gives help in the form most useful to the individual, namely, cash. It is general and could be substituted for the host of special measures now in effect. It makes explicit the cost borne by society. It operates outside the market, He was an economics advisor to Barry Goldwater in his 1964 campaign for president, served on Richard Nixon's committee of economic advisors, and was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1976. In 1080 hank Free ta Chance (with his wife RaceArticles Bhim Singhji Case 1981 and Kesavananda Bharati: Welfare State as basic structure Keywords 1% of GDP=3240 per capita per annum UBI- equal to middle class subsidies Enlightened Idea © Ravidas: Begumpura © Kabir: Premnagar * Thomas More: Utopia © Will it increase GDP vs will it increase welfare © Taking care of our elders in the rural countryside, caring for our villages, Gandhian vilages, living a fulfilling community life> impoverished lives of the city © Sense of security + Freedom © Choice--rationality--all about being humanPeople In 2011, in Mali Badodia village in Indore district of Madhya Pradesh theMP Unconditional Cash Transfer projectwas piloted.SEWA launched it with funding. from UNICEF. * For the 18 months, Mangubai, a villager said her family did not have to depend on the moneylenders who charge exorbitantly high rates ranging from 5-10% per month. * While Bavsingh Kevat, said the money helped in the treatment of his wife Lilavati who suffered a paralytic stroke. She was to be regularly taken to Mhow for treatment, and with his less than two. bigha zameen and daily wage he could never have afforded the treatment * On the other end of the village, Tulsabai Dawar gushes about the scheme. It helped her buy goats, then cows and buffalo. Now her backyard has a dozen cattle. She sells both the milk and the mawa she makes of the milk medicir es ._ says Radheshyam Chandel. © The first thing farmers or the poor do when they_ are short of money is put off buying new clothes. ‘That's why you see so many of us in torn clothes. syn gu wane ‘That changed when we had extra money,’ says Narayan Chandel, another villager. Others in the village, PDS should continue, food Soap ete grains not cheap otherwise. UBI can be used peters otherwise © Initially when researchers and volunteers ae reached these villagers, people refused thinking if money is being provided something will be taken from them Raju Sein, a Dyearold an who cumbines being a barber wit nial bashed, wasone af thease stale, ani old the eam {1 mainly wher here are eats or other ceremonies in he vile hat my services are Soph, jr shaving heads And for ese services, he lier pay me Und wea The grat gesthrowgh ss hard sufetent forthe whole yar. ‘aye an APL [Bove Poverty Line} ‘eon card, which wa vento me at ‘years go der « sure. i orm amplocty now. 1 have applied for a ths village. Becanee ofthis 1m ablePunjimati Dei and Labhi Baghel: Nuapada, Odisha The manager of a bank in Odisha’s Nuapada district was suspended after a 60-year-old woman dragged her 100-year-old mother on a cot to the bank for withdrawing money from a Jan Dhan account. The manager of the Bargaon branch of the Utkal Grameen Bank (UGB), identified as Ajit Kumar Pradhan, had sought physical verification of Labhe Baghel, a centenarian. She is a resident of the same Bargaon village. PM Garib Kalyan Package: Govt says 234,800 crore financial help given to 39 crore beneficiaries Ms. Baghel had received 21,500 under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan package announced by Odisha bank manager suspended after Centre. Monthly assistance of 2500 (April to June) woman drags 100-year-old mother ona : cot to branch had been deposited to her Jan Dhan bank account. Genero On June 9, Punjimati Dei, her daughter, visited a bank to withdraw the amount since her mother was bedridden. When physical verification was needed, having no option, Ms. Dei placed her mother on a cot and dragged her along the road to the bank. She was then able to withdraw her money. A video of Ms. Dei dragging her mother on a cot has since gone viral. Over 30 crore poor get £28,256 crore under PM Garib Kalyan Yojana “This unfortunate incident was taken seriously by the State government and the Chairman of UGB was requested on Sunday to take stern action after due enquiry. Based on the request, the bank authorities immediately suspended Mr. Padhan, pending disciplinary action,” a government statement said. ‘Communication gap’ The bank, however, clarified that the manager had offered to visit the woman's house, but could not do so as there was a rush at the branch, which has only a single officer assigned to it. “In her anxiety to get the money early and avoid rush the next day, she [Ms. Dei] had come to thebranch on June 10 before business started by pulling her mother on a cot from her residence, to the surprise of the branch staff. Though payment was made, the unfortunate incident had happened and it was widely covered by media," the bank said. The bank's Chairman, expressing regret over the incident, said the branch manager did not have any intention of causing harassment, but the incident, which was the result of a communication gap, ended up showing the bank in poor light.From 1974 to 1979 the small rural town of Dauphin Manitoba was the saturation site of a Basic Income pilot. The results lie buried, untouched for the past 40 years; a treasure hidden from public view. In 2011, Evelyn Forget, discovered the data and for the first time ever analyzed the findings. They reveal the incredible success of the project and have done nothing short of sparking the movement to revive a social policy that has the potential to reinvent our social fabric. Eric, Susie, Betty and Clark were participants in the pilot and take us on an emotional ride to understand the profound ways that Basic Income improved their lives. Susie explains the challenges of being a single mom, uneducated, without a job. She illustrates how Mincome helped her approach these incapacitating life hurdles. Evelyn, and Ron, the project director, reflect on the program and inspire us to question if we've had enough of our current system of oppression. Each story brings to life the complexities of he results have been buried for the past 40 years. We reconnected with participants in the pilot to understand the impact - the stories we uncovered are incredible and they'll have you wondering - why did it take 40 years for them to come to light! From 1974-1979 the first full-scale pilot of a Universal Basic Income was implemented in Manitoba, Canada During the experiment, every resident of the small town of Dauphin was eligible to receive unconditional cash, just for signing up. The project was called Mincome. In 2017 we spent two weeks filming with residents of Dauphin—a small town with a big story—to hear about the human impact of the 1970's Mincome experiment, largely forgotten by most of the world for nearly four decades, but suddenly capturing our imagination again today, as the only site where a Universal Basic Income has been implemented for an entire population, no questions asked.‘The idea of guaranteeing a basic income to each individual has appeared and disappeared over the centuries. The earliest reference of the idea is found in the 16th. ‘More in which the English lawyer and statesman advocated ensuring "some means of livelihood” for every individual to. avoid the poor from “becoming, first a In later centuries, American revolutionary. ‘Thomas Paine (1737 - 1809), American activist Martin Luther King Jr (1929 — 1968), economist Milton Friedman (1912- 2006) and many other intellectuals have also supported one or the other form of the idea of basic income. The idea gained currency in india after chief economic adviser in the finance ministry Arvind Subramanian in the 2016-17 Economic Survey devoted an entire chapter to the relevance of universal basic income (UBI) in the Indian context while maintaining that more debate should take place before embracing the idea ‘The emancipatory value of basic income far exceeds its monetary value, where money itself is a scarce commodity. And how Economist Guy Standing based 2. Reduces dependencies on oligopolistic moneylenders 3. Pushes the Entrepreneurial spiritincome. It excluded families above a predetermined amount. All other families were given a base amount and a miniscule percentage deducted from every dollar earned from other sources. This experiment termed Mincome helped over a thousand families below poverty line earn a liveable income. It offered financial predictability---food insecurity vanished, bills were paid, education was not compromised, Overall hospitalisation due to accidents declined, mental health physician help increased. A guaranteed annual income increased social stability and improved health care outcomes. Briefly, Saint Ravidas's dream of Begumpura: a city without sorrow/ Thomas More's Utopia realised, MAdhya Pradesh 8 villages Pilot: 6000 per month; spent on household renovation, toilets, houses, led to malaria reduction; change of lighting and energy sources; shift to market with liquidity therefore nutritional improvements especially amongst SCs and STs. Small qualitative improvements like better quality seeds, fertilisers. Bonded labour came down. Overall increase in financial inclusion. No evidence of money wasted on alcoholworks, land is the insurance to fall back upon 5. With a basic income to fall back upon, can really venture into new ideas and innovate. Open that grocery shop that always wanted to, or start that transport service that can both help mobility of villagers and raise a person's income 6. As a social security net, rational response to human tragedies: health crisis, accidents etc. rather than the vicious cycle of astronomically expensive debt from the moneylender 7. Bring an end to child labour, improve school attendance and outcome, with education break the vicious cycle of poverty 8. Retrofit houses and community places: sanitation, cleanliness, health outcomes will improve 9. Reinvigorate the villages, 1. presently: empty concrete houses 2. uncared for elder citizens 3. ruralisation of poverty 4, UBI might be expensive, might not be the greatest push to a $5 trillion economy, but if it can create new opportunities in villages for rural youth, is it not worth it? 5. If younger people stay back to take care of their parents, preserve the environment, culture, art forms and language that are on the verge of loss, is it not worth it? 6. Will it increase our GDP, maybe the answer is inconclusive. 7. But will it increase welfare, its a resounding yes!1. Reetika Khera 1200 interviews: High transaction costs seek food over funds. The distance to market and banks increases the cost of transforming cash into foodjother needs. 2. The moral hazard argument has failed all empirical tests: Banerjee and Duflo 3. Cost 4. When cost high, then targetted. Therefore inclusion-exclusion errors again Pakistani poet Ahmed Faraz © Shikwa-e-zulmat-e-shab se to behtar tha, Apne hisse ki koi shama jalate jate © How much better it would have been, if instead of going on cursing the dark of the evening, we had lit the candle that was within our hands to light. The idea that that every individual should have minimum guaranteed basic income is not new. Thomas Paine sought an equal inheritance for everyone, a national fund to finance it. Thomas More sought to reduce poverty by giving money to everyone, his book UtopiaEmancipatory value[edit] Guy Standing, economist, who has been involved in the basic income experiments in India. Guy Standing has argued, based on SEWA's 2010- 2013 Madhya Pradesh basic income pilot, that the emancipatory value of basic income exceeds its monetary value where money itself is a scarce commodity.[13] The emancipatory value is, according to Standing, greater because basic income has effects on the economic security of the receivers that goes beyond the increase in their income. He identifies four explanations for such effects: 1) While the basic income was used to reduce debt, it was also used to accumulate savings to be used in the case of sickness or other emergencies. In SEWA's basic income pilot the propensity to save was significantly higher among those who received the basic income. 2) The basic income reduced the level and severity of indebtedness beyond the monetary value of the basic income by giving household access to credit on better terms. For example, it decreased the dependency on expensive loans from an oligopolistic money lending class by enabling friends and relatives to offer loans to each other. Moreover, the basic income provided incentives for moneylenders to offer lower interest rates and aided households in avoiding taking on new loans. 3) On a community level, basic income may induce entrepreneurial efforts by reducing the consequences of failure. This may, in the long run, be beneficial for the economic security of a village as a whole. 4) Basic income increased the resilience to economic shocks by enabling collective responses to individual hazards. Furthermore, basic income functions as a secure source of revenue in times of economic insecurity.UBI.pdf 9781472593061.ch-001.pdf 9781472593061.ch-002.pdf 9781472593061.ch-010.pdf 9781472593061.ch-011.pdf UBL.pdf 1MB. 348 kB 207 kB 197 kB 324 kB 1MB.