Appendix

Sl Organization/Institution/ Company Solution Impact Sector SDG R-Strategy Principle

67 ENSO is driving innovation in the tire industry by creating
sustainable
and more energy-efficient tires for electric vehicles.
The company’s
world-leading polymer scientists and tire experts
have reimagined how
to make, use and reuse tires in a circular process.
ENSO’s tires enhance performance by reducing energy Made of advanced sustainable materials, ENSO’s Tire manufacturing and SDG 9 Recycling, recovery, Circulate products and
consumption and increasing the driving range of tires reduce the toxicity and volume of services reduce materials (at
electric vehicles. Innovative tire designs and non-tailpipe their highest
proprietary rubber chemistry combine to deliver emissions. ENSO’s circular approach value)
highly durable ensures material control, allowing the
tires with ultra-low rolling resistance. Sold as a recycling of used tires to reduce
service with a competitive pay per use model - waste and virgin material use. A network
tires are of social enterprises deliver ENSO’s
delivered, maintained and recovered. Embedded services, and provide training
IoT sensors capture data on both tire and vehicle and jobs to young people.
use.

79 Liftshare is a social enterprise on a mission to solve the
world’s mobility problems through sharing. Two
weeks older than Google and a pioneer of the
sharing economy, Liftshare is a self-financed start-
up, focused on providing sustainable transport for
commuters.
Liftshare’s platform connects people travelling the same
way so that they can share their journeys, save
money
and cut CO2 emissions.Liftshare’s profits from
over 700 Liftshare schemes, including Tesco,
Heathrow Airport
and Jaguar Land Rover, enable Liftshare.com to
provide a free, public service open to all.
Every year, Liftshare helps organizations to save Transportation and SDG 11 Reduce Circulate products and
over GBP 20 million in parking-related mobility materials (at
costs via sustainable their highest
travel solutions. With over 600,000 value)
members making one million shared
trips every month, and individuals saving
on average, GBP 1 thousand per year in
fuel costs, the combined Liftshare
community reduces CO2 emissions
from cars by 40,000 tons annually.

89 VAUDE is a family-run outdoor outfitter company that has a
deeply
embedded holistic circular economy strategy across
all stages of their
value chain. VAUDE develops, produces and sells
outdoor gear with a
circular focus to future proof its business growth.
VAUDE works with Green Shape to develop and implement Ninety-four percent of the VAUDE Summer 2018 Outdoor gear and SDG 12 Reduce, Recycle Circulate products and
a set of criteria for sustainable products that apparel collection is Green Shape apparel materials (at
considers the entire product lifecycle, for certified and 14 percent is made with their highest
example, the use of recycled materials. recycled materials─products with at least value)
Furthermore, VAUDE offers the 30 percent recycled materials in the
consumer easy-to-implement suggestions and finished product. They increased the
information on how to prolong the lifespan of reuse rate and the percentage of product
their products, as the user has a decisive returns that can be reused to 94 percent.
influence on this lifespan.

96 GEM is China’s first listed company with a focus on capturing
the value from urban mines, aiming to become a
leading global circular company.
They concentrate on the recycling and
manufacturing of products using
recycled materials, with particular attention to
batteries, end-of-life
vehicles and e-waste.
GEM has disrupted five major industrial chains using In 2016, GEM processed three million tons of Batteries, end-of-life SDG 12 Reduce, Recycle Circulate products and
circular principles. Their focus areas include the waste, recycled 37 kinds of resources, vehicles, and materials (at
recycling of waste batteries and power batteries; and recovered 58 types of products. As a e-waste their highest
cobalt and nickel tungsten resource recycling; the result, GEM has helped to enable waste value).
recycling of electronic waste; comprehensive recovery to become a mainstream
utilization of end-of-life automobile parts; waste resource to support the development of
residue, waste mud, and waste water recycling. the national economy
The company operates across sixteen industrial
parks in China’s ten provinces and cities to drive
the business at scale.

8 Mahindra Accelo is a 100% subsidiary of the US$ 20.7 billion CERO is built on the underlying principle of circular CERO provides circular supplies in the form of Automobile steel SDG 13, SDG 9, Recycle, reduce Circulate products and
Mahindra Group with a core business of steel economy and focuses on recycling of older secondary steel (as steel scrap) which processing SDG materials (at
processing; it is a pioneer in the customized vehicles in line with environmental and legal helps reduce dependence on scrap
 processing of flat steels, with steel service centers
set up across India and the UAE. Recently, it has
forayed into new businesses of purlins and
recycling. The company truly believe that agility is
the key to achieving excellence. It has ranked 6th in
India’s Great Mid-size Workplaces 2018.
11 Lehigh Technologies is employing resource recovery and
circular
supply models to its strategy by recovering valuable
raw materials
from end-of-life tires and using that material to
create a more
sustainable feedstock for the manufacturing of new
tires.
43 MaaS Global is the first true Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
operator
with its award-winning Whim service.
81 ABN AMRO is a Netherlands based bank providing expertise
on financial
products and risk management to accelerate the
transition to a circular
economy. They work together with their clients to
achieve their circular goals
83 Rabobank is a Dutch banking and financial services company
leading
in circular and sustainable finance, acting as a
compliances. CERO means Zero in Spanish and it imports. It focuses on resource recovery 11, their highest
aims to move India towards a zero pollution and leads to savings of energy and other SDG value)
nation. This is a first of its kind initiative in the natural resources. It aims to cut down 12
country and a step towards the creation of vehicular pollution hence leading to the
organized vehicle recycling sector in India. reduction in carbon footprints.
CERO helps to complete the circular
economy loop for Mahindra Group –
from being the producers of vehicles to
the recyclers. CERO's services have led to
the generation of employment, the
creation of safer work environments and
provided enhanced customer value.
Lehigh’s micronized rubber powder (MRP) is used as an To date, Lehigh Technologies has manufactured Tires SDG 9 , SDG 12 Reduce, Recover, Circulate products and
additive in a wide range of consumer and over 500 million tires using its circular materials (at
industrial model. Seven of the their highest
products, from tires to plastics to asphalt and top ten tire companies in the world value).
more, and can improve the performance of many currently use MRP. Lehigh’s parent
materials. Compared to other processes, Lehigh’s company, Michelin, plans to use MRP
patented cryogenic process produces a far more as a standard ingredient in global tire
versatile material that can eff ectively replace development and meet its bold
and improve upon oil-based feedstocks. sustainability goal.
The Whim is an all-inclusive, commercially available MaaS With over 2.1 million trips done and removing Mobility and SDG 11, SDG Reduce Circulate products and
solution providing users with all of their friction through a subscription model, transportation 12, materials (at
transport services under a single monthly Whim is starting to shape services SDG their highest
subscription. With Whim, customers can plan, users’ travel habits, in favour of circular 13 value)
book, and pay for all their mobility needs at a modes. Its users are already showing a
push of a button. With a fully digital experience modal shift towards shared
and backbone, Whim scales fast, as the and active mobility.
infrastructure investments to mobility already
exist.
ABN AMRO’s sustainable finance experts and relationship ABN AMRO’s circular approach has enabled them Banking and finance SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
managers work together on a sector based to provide better and more measured materials (at
approach, understanding and experimenting with service to circular companies. By 2020, their highest
emerging circular business models, and sharing ABN AMRO aims to achieve EUR 1 billion value)
their knowledge and best practices based on in circular assets financed, 100 circular
‘right to copy’ rather than having a copyright. financing facilities and a one-million-ton
ABN AMRO have extended their head office to reduction in carbon emissions
include a circular pavilion, Circl, which is a
physical center for circular economy research
and innovation. This "living laboratory" welcomes
everyone to visit and showcases the action
leadership in the development of a
circular economy
Rabobank supports clients to future-proof business models To date, Rabobank has provided EUR 7.5 billion in Banking and financial SDG 12, SDG Reduce, renewable Circulate products and
by offering solutions that adjust to specific financing for businesses attributed to 47 13, materials (at
investment needs with a clear sustainable or sustainability labels SDG their highest
 ‘green broker’ to clients. circular angle. They provide knowledge on developed by the bank, which they have services 17 value)
Rabobank is a strategic advisor for the European sector-developments used to identify key focus areas, while
Commission and the and introduce their clients to innovative their funding of sustainable
Dutch government on their circular economy networks, along with arranging sustainable and finance initiatives holistically totals EUR
programs. circular 18.7 billion. Rabobank is also a market
finance solutions. leader in financing of wind energy
in the Netherlands and invests EUR 2.3
billion in renewable energy generation

84 PGGM is a cooperative Dutch pension fund service provider The PGGM cooperative has approximately 725,000 On December 31, 2017, PGGM had EUR 218 billion Pension fund SDG 1, SDG 3, R-strategies Circulate products and
offering members and is helping them to realize a assets under management for 2.9 million management SDG materials (at
their institutional clients asset management, valuable future. participants. PGGM’s future and financial 12, their highest
pension fund management, Despite PGGM being in the pension business, contributions include increasing services SDG value)
policy advice and management support. they are aware that the quality of retirement is responsible investments from EUR 5 13,
much more than a billion in 2014 to 20 billion by 2020 SDG
good pension and want to contribute to other focusing on climate, food, health and 17,
aspects that affect individual's retirement period. water solutions along with an active SDG 6
societal agenda within a community
based member association.

30 Impax Asset Management is a global investment firm Impax first created and defined the “Environmental Environmental investing has provided strong Investment SDG 7, SDG 9, Reduction, recycling Circulate products and
managing Markets” classification system in 1998 and has financial returns. Since 2015, Impax has management SDG materials (at
specialist strategies with US$ 11.5 billion assets continued to develop it since. Impax has been annually 13, their highest
under identified 1,600 listed companies globally that measuring and reporting the positive SDG value)
management focused on Resource Eff iciency and provide environmental solutions, environmental impact of the products 12
Environmental including circular economy business models, such and services of its companies,
Markets through global, listed companies since as reverse vending machinery for container across four metrics: 1) net carbon
1998. Companies recovery, food waste recovery for transformation avoidance, 2) renewable energy
within Impax's portfolio provide environmental into new feeds and products, and providers of generation, 3) water treatment and
solutions across reusable trade logistics crates. savings, 4) materials recovery and waste
Energy Eff iciency, Water, Waste and Resource treatment. Methodology is externally
Recovery, Food and assured.
Agriculture sectors.

31 The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the long-term lending EIB’s support for the circular economy is based on three Over the last five years, the EIB provided EUR 2.1 Finance and investment SDG 9, SDG 12, R- Stratagies Circulate products and
institution of the European Union owned by its mutually reinforcing actions. Firstly, awareness billion in co-financing for more than 100 SDG materials (at
Member States. It raising through knowledge development, circular projects in 13, their highest
makes long-term finance available for sound dissemination, and mobilization of key the industry and services sectors, SDG value)
investment in order stakeholders, aimed including for water management, 17
to contribute towards EU policy goals, including at catalyzing circular investments. Secondly, agriculture and the bio-economy and
promoting a advisory support seeking to improve the product-to-service projects, with positive
circular economy. bankability and impacts on climate change and economic
investment-readiness of circular economy growth.
projects. Finally, finance, where needed is
provided using ‘risk sharing’ instruments
benefitting from EU guarantees.

33 Intesa Sanpaolo is the leading financial institution supporting The bank is fully engaged in re-thinking financial The bank is active in enhancing knowledge on Financial services sector SDG 9, SDG 11 Rethinking Circulate products and
the instruments to support the re-design of the circular economy and it is a core partner materials (at
systemic transition towards the circular economy. industrial in the “Cities and CE their highest
 Since 2015,
Intesa Sanpaolo is the only Financial Services Global
Partner of
the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and circular
economy is a key
strategic pillar within the Group 2018-2021
Industrial Plan.
34 Taaleri’s mission is to enable sustainable ownership. Taaleri
sees itself as the pioneer of sustainable investments
including
circular economy, renewable energy and impact
investments.
It combines ideas, entrepreneurship and capital in
order to create
sustainable growth.
35 YES BANK has identified climate-aligned businesses as sunrise
sectors. In India, these present the tremendous
investment potential of up to US$ 3.1 trillion until
2030 and bearing the potential to become the
entire backbone of this emerging economy.
36 BlackRock is one of the world’s leading providers of
investment,
advisory and risk management solutions.
BlackRock’s purpose is to
help more and more people achieve wellbeing
through wealth. And
as a fiduciary to its clients, BlackRock is dedicated
to protecting and
growing the value of its clients’ assets by
incorporating businessrelevant sustainability issues
into its investment research, portfolio
construction and stewardship processes.
37 Closed Loop Partners (CLP) invests in building a circular
economy through below market rate project
finance (Closed Loop Fund) and venture investment
ecosystem. On September 2018, a EUR 5 billion for Food” initiative launched by the Ellen value)
plafond has been launched to circular economy- MacArthur Foundation. Additionally,
compliant Intesa Sanpaolo engages in
finance transactions, with a potential portfolio advocacy activities related to circularity
de-risking benefit. Intesa Sanpaolo also launched with national and international
its CE Lab in institutions.
Milan for open-innovation programs between
corporates, SMEs and start-ups.
Taaleri’s solution helps investors to invest in a circular and Taaleri Circular Economy Private Equity Fund is an Financial services SDG 7, SDG 9, Reduce, Renewable Circulate products and
sustainable economy. It enables circular excellent model of impact investing. It SDG materials (at
economy combines 12, their highest
innovations and business models to become economic, environmental and social SDG value)
mainstream reality by providing equity and active values and impact. Taaleri’s investments 13
ownership. have direct and measurable
Taaleri’s portfolio includes several solutions, like impacts – for example in cutting CO2
a water saving company, sustainable work wear emissions, saving resources, reducing
company waste and creating jobs.
and various renewable energy companies.
The bank’s knowledge driven and targeted approach The projects funded via YES BANK’s green bonds Financial services sector SDG 7, SDG 9, R- Stratagies Circulate products and
towards climate-aligned sectors helps it avoided roughly 2.3 million tonnes of SDG materials (at
understand and explore transformational CO2 emissions in FY18. 13 their highest
models, including models aligned to the circular Focus on circular sectors also value)
economy. It is also contributed to the bank figuring on key
demonstrating leadership through pioneering ESG indices such as DJSI, MSCI, and
instruments, such as green bonds and green FTSE4Good, and receiving ‘Prime’ status
retail products, developing domain experts, while by OEKOM AG.
also creating value for innovative start-ups in the
climate-aligned sectors through induction and
accelerator support.
BlackRock helps clients achieve their twin goals of BlackRock has built out a global suite of over 90 Financial services SDG-9, SDG 13, Reduce, and Reuse Circulate products and
sustainability and financial performance through sustainable investment strategies, SDG materials (at
four broad approaches: exclusionary screens by ranging across asset 17 their highest
divesting from companies involved in classes, vehicles, and investment styles value)
controversial activities; that deliver targeted financial and
ESG strategies that base investment decisions on sustainability outcomes. Due to
companies based on their ESG profile; thematic its unique size, BlackRock recognizes and
strategies off ering exposure to transformative embraces its responsibility to engage
enduring trends such as climate change and with clients, investors and
inclusion and diversity; and finally through companies to foster long-term value and
impact investing that targets defined and develop innovative sustainable
measurable social and environmental outcomes investment solutions that also
alongside financial objectives. contribute to the advancement of the
circular economy.
Since 2015, Closed Loop Partners has invested over US$ 44 Across its portfolio, Closed Loop Partners has Investment sector SDG 12 , SDG 13 Recycle Circulate products and
million across 30 investments and unlocked an diverted more than 8 million cumulative materials (at
tons of waste from their highest
 (Closed Loop Ventures). It identifies and invests in
infrastructure projects that accelerate
the development of more circular supply chains as
well as catalytic technologies and business models
to drive circularity across a range of material
categories.
38 NY Green Bank (NYGB) is a US$ 1 billion state-sponsored
investment
fund that invests in clean energy and sustainable
infrastructure
within New York State. Unlike other state backed
initiatives that
offer grant or incentive payments, NYGB funds are
invested at
market rates, ensuring that the organization can
cover its own costs
while preserving its capital base for continued
deployment.
39 Social Impact Ventures is a hands-on impact investment
partner,
providing Dutch social enterprises – often active
within the circular
industry — with financial resources and active
support to help achieve
their social mission. Its vision is a world where
everybody contributes to
a circular and inclusive economy, and Social Impact
Ventures believes
that the power of entrepreneurship can address
challenges facing our
society, driving sustainable and inclusive growth.
4 At Eileen Fisher, the focus is on designing a new way of doing
business that’s both profitable and beneficial—for
Eileen Fisher but also for the global community the
company is connected to. Eileen Fisher's
commitment is to build a circular design system and
create a future without waste.
9 The Lenzing Group is an international company that
produces high-quality fibers and filaments from
wood using
environmentally friendly and innovative
technologies. These
additional US$ 105 million in co-investment. landfill and eliminated more than 16 value)
million tonnes of greenhouse gases. For
every dollar invested, it returns
100 kg of recycled material back into the
supply chain, avoiding 298 kg of GHG and
bringing US$ 2.40 of
economic development to communities.
NYGB provides financing to project developers, energy As of September 30th 2018, NYGB has committed Financial sector SDG 7, SDG 9, Renewable, Reduce Circulate products and
service companies, and other sustainable US$ 580.2 million to sustainable SDG materials (at
infrastructure infrastructure, driving total 13 their highest
market participants for economically and clean energy investments across New value)
technically viable projects, especially where York State of up to US$ 1.68 billion.
financing from traditional These investments are expected to
capital providers is not readily available. NYGB reduce greenhouse gas emission of
has utilized innovative approaches to financing between 7.2 and 9.2 million metric tons
structures to – equivalent to removing as many
mobilize clean energy activity and private capital as 88,300 cars from the road for 24
in New York, reducing the need for further years.
ratepayer funding.
Social Impact Ventures provides social enterprises venture With its circular investments, Social Impact Financial investment SDG 7, SDG 9, Reduction Eliminating waste and
capital funding, focusing on opportunities where Ventures targets reduction of CO2 SDG pollution
investments help passionate entrepreneurs solve , SOx 12,
pressing social or environmental challenges and , NOx SDG
generate emissions, water usage, water pollution, 13
healthy and fair investor returns. chemical usage, electricity usage, and
greenhouse gas emissions. It combines
capital investments with active hands-on
venture assistance on key strategic
challenges, networks, recruitment,
commercial activities, impact
defining/measuring and raising
additional funding.
Eileen Fisher creates system that preserves the value of Since 2009, Eileen Fisher has collected over 1 Fashion and apparel SDG 12 , SDG 13 Reselling and Remaking Eliminate waste and
materials and clothes — at any stage, in any million pieces of Eileen Fisher clothing. In pollution
condition. It makes simple, timeless products 2017, it sold 70,000 wellbeing units.
that are on a path toward circularity. Eileen Through online and in-store experiences,
Fisher take responsibility for what they make by Eileen Fisher is helping the customer
reselling pieces that are in good condition, adapt to a new way of thinking about
remaking items into new designs and testing clothing, both old and new.
innovative technologies that create fibers from
waste.
Lenzing tackles the textile industry’s waste problem The textile industry operates in a linear way that Textile SDG 14, SDG Reduce Circulate products and
through its pioneering REFIBRA™ technology, even at the manufacturing stage, around 15, materials (at
which 12 percent of SDG their highest
involves upcycling a substantial proportion of material is lost. TENCEL™ × REFIBRA™
cotton scraps, for example from garment Lyocell reuses parts of this lost material
 fibers form the basis for a wide range of textile and
nonwoven
applications, used in work and protective wear and
in industrial
applications. Sustainability is the guiding torch for
all R&D
and innovation initiatives at Lenzing, driving
systemic change
through forward solutions.
18 Finlayson is a 200-year-old home textile brand from Finland.
Finlayson’s brand values are responsibility, interest
towards new phenomena, and courage. These are
the same values that originally made Finlayson
successful. Finlayson has strived to implement
these values to its operations. For example,
Finlaysons’s objective is to increase the share of
more sustainable materials to at least 30% by 2020.
51 Geetanjali Woollens produces post-consumer mechanically
recycled yarns, fabrics and throws from 100% post
consumer
textiles without the use of any harmful dyes,
chemicals and very
little water.
52 DyeCoo is the world’s first commercial supplier of water-free
and
processed chemical-free dyeing technology for. Its
revolutionary
CO2 based dyeing process makes textile dyeing
clean, sustainable,
eff icient and profitable. DyeCoo now has multiple
customers
running commercial production.
58 Piñatex® is a sustainably produced textile that was developed
production, in to produce a virgin Lyocell fiber, 12 value)
addition to wood pulp sourced from certified saving resources in the process. Since its
sustainable forestry. These raw materials are launch, TENCEL™ x REFIBRA™ Lyocell can
transformed to be found in more than 15
produce new virgin TENCEL™ Lyocell fibers that collections. "Together, we’re proud to
are used make fabrics and garments. This pave the textile industry’s way towards a
innovative method circular economy."
makes a significant contribution to efficiency and
environmental protection.
Finlayson only makes products that are of high quality. The In 2017, Finlayson collected 12 tonnes of jeans and Textile SDG 12 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Circulate products and
majority of its products have a 5-year-warranty 28 tonnes of bed sheets. Altogether, materials (at
and one even has a 50-year-warranty. Finlayson since 2016, their highest
increasingly replaces conventional cotton with Finlayson has collected 70 tonnes of value)
recycled material for recycling. The CO2 footprint
materials. For example, Finlayson collects old bed per product decreased by
linen and worn jeans from customers and turns 30% in 2017 and denim towels saved
them into over 10 million litres of water in total –
rag rug products and denim towels. equal to over four Olympic-size
swimming pools.
By upcycling old discarded used clothing which is destined Its mechanical solution is a low impact answer to Textile SDG 12 Recycling, Reduce Circulate products and
for landfill, Geetanjali Woollens strive to keep the fashion industry’s environmental materials (at
textiles away from landfill in an ethical and concerns. Since 1982, their highest
socially compliant manner. This is a proven, Geetanjali Woollens has been engaged value)
scaleable and very solely in the recycling of used textiles,
mature technology. with inherently circular core
functions and capabilities. Its feedstock is
100% comprised of recovered resources.
For each kilo of fiber
it produces, Geetanjali Woollens
contributes to extending the life cycle of
products that are often worn a
limited number of times before being
discarded.
DyeCoo completely remove the need for water and DyeCoo's vision is to lead the textile-industry Textile dyeing SDG 12 Reduce Eliminate waste and
processing chemicals in the dyeing process, towards a lean and clean future. DyeCoo technology pollution
through believe its CO2
the use of C02 based
. The CO2 technology can replace water-based
is cleaned and 95% is recycled in the machine for dyeing around the world. The impact for
re-use. Its CO2 one DyeCoo dyeing machine is
dyeing machines a saving of 32 million liters of water and
are available for polyester fabric and yarn dyeing. 160,000 kgs of processing chemicals per
The technology will soon be available for both year.
nylon and
additional stretch applications.
Pinatex®’s production line is designed to reduce the The production of Piñatex® is based on Fair Trade Textiles SDG 12 Reduce Eliminate waste and
 for generated waste and save raw materials and
use as a sustainable alternative to both mass- energy. All
produced leather the production needs are based on circular
and synthetic materials, off ering a better choice for economy principles and the assurance that each
a better person involved
future. It is made from the leaves of the pineapple in the creation of Piñatex is paid an equitable
plant – wage. The production of Pinatex® reduces the
a by-product of the fruit industry. Adding value to environmental
this waste impact generated by the textile industry, which
has created a new source of income for farming mainly uses non-degradable materials and
communities. polluting
chemicals throughout the supply chain.
principles. As such, one of the most pollution
important social
benefits is the creation of job
opportunities for farming communities;
which then reflects onto and
strengthens the local social networks
and communities. Piñatex uses primarily
natural materials that come
from a waste, thus reducing the
environmental impact caused by its
production and valorising the waste
generated in pineapple harvesting.

99 In 1994, Interface, the world’s largest manufacturer of
commercial
carpet tiles, made a public commitment to become
wholly sustainable
by 2020–Mission Zero. Interface has spearheaded
circular thinking with
nature as its mentor to focus on truly regenerative
practices that make
a positive contribution to society.
Interface was the first company in its industry to commit to To date, Interface’s Mission Zero achievements Manufacturing and SDG 12 Regenerate, renewable, Regenerate nature
becoming wholly sustainable and having zero include 100 percent renewable commercial recycle
environmental impact. They continue to lead the electricity in production and more carpet tiles
way by embedding principles of the circular products manufactured from 100
economy into percent recycled and bio based material.
their organization’s everyday operation through In 2017, Interface were listed third in
a Climate Take Back commitment. the 20th anniversary Sustainability
Leaders Survey by Globescan and
Sustainability.

100 ArcelorMittal is the world’s leading steel and mining company Steel is a perfect material for the circular economy thanks ArcelorMittal recycles about 25 million tons of Steel and mining SDG 12 Recycle, reuse, reduce Circulate products and
which is to its infinite recyclability. Moreover, steel annually, saving about 36 million materials (at
incorporating circular economy principles into its ArcelorMittal is tons of carbon dioxide. their highest
strategy by offering using its expertise and partnerships to optimize It already reuses 78+ percent of its solid value)
products and solutions to meet society’s demands the reuse of its by-products, using waste created by-products and it is piloting initiatives
and ambitions for during the turning CO2 into ethanol.
the 21st century and beyond. steelmaking process, from turning slag into ArcelorMittal is paving the way to make
fertilizer or paving materials, or carbon emissions steel a completely circular product.
into ethanol.

3 DSM adopts a multi-faceted circular approach across its
entire value chain and has embedded innovation
into its sourcing, operations, sales and product
portfolio. DSM has developed new business models
to advance 'closed-loop' solutions via partnerships
whilst showcasing strong growth and share price
increases.
Dedicated to securing the future availability of natural
resources, DSM is pioneering bio-based solutions
and circular materials, unlocking more value from
the limited resources that are available. DSM has
successfully designed durable bio-based
alternatives to plastics, fully recyclable
thermoplastics and developed a revolutionary
technology based on a reversible adhesive that
could potentially transform the carpet,
mattresses and furnishing industry.
Reaching 2.5 billion people, DSM’s contribution to Chemical SDG 9, SDG 12 , Reuse Regenerate nature
society is significant. Brighter Living SDG
Solutions account for 62% of DSM’s sales 13
and are expected to rise to over 65% by
2021. DSM’s ever growing sustainable
product portfolio also includes promising
circular innovation projects that have
wide societal impacts and drive future
growth.

57 Metabolic uses systems thinking to tackle global sustainability
challenges and advance a circular economy.
Through its consulting, think tank, and venture
building arms, Metabolic provides strategic advice,
develops open knowledge and tools,
and builds new organizations that off er scalable
Metabolic’s approach is based on what it calls the Seven Metabolic has driven notable circular change Consulting and venture SDG 12 R-strategies Circulate products and
Pillars of the Circular Economy. In addition to within governments, non-profits and building materials (at
materials, Metabolic develops circular solutions businesses across the their highest
for energy, biodiversity, water, societal value, globe with over 350 projects. One value)
health, and culture, ensuring that its approaches flagship project is circular living lab De
problems in a systemic manner. The framework Ceuvel, an Amsterdam-based
 solutions. Headquartered in Amsterdam, Metabolic
has an international and interdisciplinary team that
works with governments, businesses, and non-
profits around the world.
also translates to quantitative tools, using
metrics and indicators, to evaluate the circularity
of products, projects, businesses
and portfolios.
workspace for closed-loop innovation
and experimentation. It sees 35,000
international visitors each year,
inspiring top organizational leaders and
the general public to drive the circular
transition.

68 Lendager Group is pushing the boundaries of circular
economy within
the built environment and society in general. They
are established as a
leading company in Denmark for circular economy
innovation and value
creation throughout the entire value chain.
Lendager creates numerous commercial upcycled building Lendager’s innovative approach reduces large Built environment and SDG 11 Reduce Circulate products and
materials–including concrete aggregates, amounts of CO2 emissions in the construction materials (at
wood panels, bricks, steel and windows with construction phase, their highest
state of the art energy efficiency. Lendager which has led to this approach now value)
delivers materials being scaled into large residential,
with great environmental benefits without commercial and urban development
compromising on price, aesthetics or quality. The projects that result in a healthier more
company is sustainable future. Lendager have won
part of the Government’s advisory board two prestigious Gazelle
highlighting potential for sustainable and circular awards from Danish Financial newspaper
innovation in the Børsen.
building environment.

21 The European Commission is the executive branch of the
European Union. It promotes the general interest of
the Union, proposes and enforces legislation,
develops and implements policies, and executes EU
budget. The promotion of the circular economy falls
within its competences for economic development
and environmental protection.
In 2015, the European Commission developed a framework
to engage public authorities, businesses,
and citizens in the circular transition. It has
committed to its full implementation by 2019.
The Circular
Economy Action Plan identifies 54 specific and
innovative actions to "close the loop" – from
production and
consumption to waste management and the
market for secondary raw materials. The
framework behaves
as strategic guidance for the European Union and
its 500 million citizens, and is a global call to
action.
Public authorities at all levels are increasing their Policy and governance SDG 12, SDG Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Eliminate waste and
ambitions, setting frameworks and 13, pollution
investing in infrastructure SDG
to promote the transition. Business 17
leaders are more aware about
opportunities and are prone to invest
and innovate to move away from the
linear model. In addition, the
Commission engages with international
partners to promote the transition at a
global level.

22 Governing a diverse population of 2.8 million people, the City To drive innovation and the growth of a circular economy, The City of Toronto is one of the first in North municipal or local SDG 11, SDG Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Eliminate waste and
of Toronto aspires to achieve zero waste and the City of Toronto established a circular America to invest in infrastructure that government 13, pollution, and
become the first city in the province with a circular economy turns organic waste into sector SDG Circulate
economy, as set out in its 2016 Long Term Waste business unit and working group, creating a renewable natural gas that can be used 12 products and
Management Strategy. framework to integrate circular economy to fuel collection trucks. It is also materials (at
principles into City implementing five new community their highest
purchasing. In addition, the City has committed programs that provide opportunities for value)
to developing a circular economy roadmap by bike and clothing repair, and
working with redistributing surplus food.
a range of stakeholders and key economic
sectors.

23 Circular Glasgow influenced the Scottish Government’s policy Circulars Glasgow methodology encourages cross-sector Over 550 businesses have been engaged, with Government SDG 11, SDG Redesign, and Reduce Circulate products and
shift to driving the circular economy through cities, collaboration by implementing a range of Circular Glasgow helping to increase 17, materials (at
and Glasgow City Council's commitment to a task- pioneering support mechanisms, designed by revenue streams, realize SDG their highest
 driven Circular Route map by 2019. Best practice
piloted through Glasgow’s work is now being
implemented across Scotland and shared across 20
countries through #CEHotspotScotland.
Circle Economy, including Circle Lab and Circle financial savings and enhance 12 value)
Assessments, competitive advantage using a range of
as well as initiating a design service for practical tools. Next steps will be to
businesses. build on wider business engagement,
alongside academia and public sector.

24 The Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark is The Ministry has created the Strategy for Circular Through promotion of the circular economy, the Public sector : Ministry SDG 12, SDG Reuse, remanufacturing, Circulate products and
responsible for the areas of environmental Economy. In this, 116 million DKK has been Ministry supports companies to harness of 13, recycling materials (at
protection, farming and food production. In allocated, which is divided into 16 concrete more value from the same materials Environment SDG their highest
collaboration with a broad majority of the Danish initiatives that promote a circular economy in through better product design and and Food of 15 value)
Parliament, the Ministry is working to promote a Denmark. The circular initiatives in this strategy reproduction, and selling products as Denmark
circular economy throughout all of Denmark’s were developed in close collaboration with the services. Together, it is hoped that this
sectors. government’s Advisory Board approach can ease the pressure on
for Circular Economy to secure support from a natural resources and improve the
broad range of major interest groups and environment for the benefit of future
organizations in Denmark. generations.

25 The Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management is the The Ministry initiated the nation-wide Circular Economy As the Transition Agendas have been approved by Public sector: Ministry SDG 12, SDG 9, Redesign Circulate products and
coordinating ministry for the transition to a circular Programme, aiming to halve the use of primary government, an Implementation Plan of SDG materials (at
economy in the Netherlands. The Ministry plays a resources by 2030 and become fully circular by (2019-2022) with Infrastructure 11 their highest
key role in anchoring the objectives for a circular 2050. It laid the innovative foundations for five concrete actions from both government, and Water value)
economy in government-wide policies and sectoral local authorities, knowledge institutes Management
supporting stakeholders in scaling up circular transition agendas: food and biomass, and the private sector is in the
solutions. construction, plastics, manufacturing industry now underway. It includes collaborative Netherlands
and consumption actions, such as the development of a
goods, developed with all relevant stakeholders, National Plastic Pact, as
totaling over 390 individuals, including well as concrete projects and programs,
knowledge, social financial incentives and budgets,
and investment agendas, concrete policy including allocation for circular
interventions and monitoring. government procurement that will
transform the value chain.

26 Shandong Association of Circular Economy (SACE) leads
promotion of the circular economy agenda in the
region of Shandong, China through a wide range of
activities. Its members engage in circular economy
research efforts, promote awareness of the circular
economy among citizens, assist government in
devising legislation and support businesses through
provision of technical guidance to assist their
transition to circular economy business models.
SACE encourages effective innovation through its circular As the oldest, 5-A system graded, circular economy Public sector SDG9, SDG 12, Research, R-strategies Circulate products and
innovation evaluations across the province. non-profit organization in China, SDG materials (at
The most disruptive and effective technologies Shandong Association 17 their highest
are highlighted through an awards process, after of Circular Economy has made a value)
which significant impact to move Shandong
their roll-out through Shandong is supported. towards a more circular economy.
SACE’s members engage in collaborative There are currently over 200 highly
opportunities commended circular economy member
with international circular economy technology enterprises across a multitude
leaders with the aim of knowledge sharing and of industries that originally stemmed
increased from SACE.
business engagement across the province.

28 Through its Sustainability Advantage program, the New South Sustainability Advantage is accelerating the transition to a Sustainability Advantage’s product stewardship New South Wales SDG 9, SDG 12, Repair and reuse Circulate products and
Wales circular economy in NSW by facilitating cluster is an incubator for project sustainability SDG 8 materials (at
(NSW) Off ice of Environment and Heritage helps collaboration development between major and their highest
businesses reduce and innovation between 23 existing and brands, retailers, manufacturers, environmental value)
costs, build their reputations, gain competitive separately funded industry Product Stewardship recyclers and consumers. Current
 advantage and grow Organizations (PSOs). projects include more responsible management,
sustainably, whilst improving environmental For the very first time, these organizations now design/
outcomes and creating share knowledge and resources to address manufacturing, repair, reuse, shared
social capital. It is a trusted authority, honest problematic waste logistics, technology innovation and new
broker and incubator materials like, electronics, mattresses, nappies, market development. Project
for innovative technology and new business textiles, carpets, cigarette butts, tyres, paint, outcomes include 200,000 tonnes of
models, helping over crushed glass and waste resources kept in the productive
650 participating organizations enjoy US$ 120 soft plastics. economy, creating over 200 new
million in collective jobs targeting long-term unemployed,
savings annually. disadvantaged and homeless.

10 Tarkett is a worldwide leader of innovative flooring and
sports
surface solutions, selling 1.3 million square meters
of flooring every
day and off ering products made of vinyl, linoleum,
carpet, rubber,
wood, laminate, among others. Tarkett reuses and
recycles postindustrial and post-installation waste
as well as used products,
participating in waste avoidance, reducing the need
of virgin raw
materials and promoting a new life cycle with
quality materials.
Tarkett eco-designs products based on Cradle to Cradle® 99,000 tonnes of flooring was collected from 2010 Flooring and sports SDG 11, SDG 12 Recycle, Reuse Circulate products and
(C2C) principles that contribute to people- to 2017 through ReStart®, Tarkett’s surface materials (at
friendly spaces flooring collection program in solutions their highest
while respecting the planet’s natural capital. In Europe and North-America. 96% of raw value)
2018, Tarkett launched iQ One, a new generation materials were assessed by a third party
of resilient flooring organization, based on their impact
which is 100% recyclable and C2C Gold certified, on health and the environment,
alongside their iD Revolution, the first C2C Gold- according to Cradle to Cradle® criteria.
certified modular Consequently, 71% of the raw materials
resilient flooring, made with bio-based and they
recycled materials, such as recycled PVB from use do not contribute to resource
end-of-life windshields. In scarcity, being abundant, rapidly
addition, Tarkett has launched the mineral tiles renewable or recycled.
collection, Cementi Click, made of 95% natural
mineral elements.

47 The Excess Materials Exchange (EME) is an online secure The Excess Materials Exchange uses a combination of tools Together with a number of pioneers including management and SDG 12, SDG Reuse, Circulate products and
software and services to facilitate the exchange of DSM, Philips, Sodexo, Tarkett, ABN- resource 13, materials (at
platform that acts like a dating site for secondary secondary materials. Through its resource AMRO, EY and Schiphol, EME exchange SDG their highest
materials, including passport, it gives resource flows an identity. identified high-value destinations for 30 (Rev. Log.) 17 value)
waste. It matches the supply and demand of Materials are tracked material flows with a combined weight
materials with their and traced using EME’s blockchain-based of 70 metric tonnes. This led
highest reuse potential. EME actively facilitate platform and, using a toolbox of artificial to a reduction of CO2
cross-industry and intelligence/machine emissions equivalent to 850,000 car
cross-sector matches, finding new destinations with learning tools, EME identifies high-value matches rides from Amsterdam to Copenhagen –
the highest and quantifies the environmental and financial enough
financial return, and lowest environmental and value of these matches. energy to light the streets of Amsterdam
social footprint. for 15 years and the annual water use of
11 million Dutch people.

55 ZigZag is a returns solution for retailers. It provides a branded ZigZag has built a network of 220 warehouses, 26 online ZigZag is helping retailers to significantly reduce Retail returns and SDG 12 Return, resale, recycling, Circulate products and
portal through which the customers can return marketplaces and 60 courier partners in 130 the costs and waste associated with reverse and repurposing materials (at
new, used and countries to help facilitate the exchange, return, returns by providing the logistics their highest
end-of-life goods via a list of convenient returns resale, recycling and refurbishment of goods tools and data, to increase the value)
options. across probability that returned goods are
the globe. resold, donated, recycled or repurposed
locally, rather than returned and sent to
landfill.
59 E-Waste Exchange (EWX) is a digital tech platform enabling
businesses and citizens to dispose of their e-waste
online – right from the comfort of their home or off
ice. EWX is published as a 'policy recommendation’
in the ‘Resource Eff iciency Document for
India’, published by GIZ- CII- TERI- Adelphi for
European Unions (EU)- Resource Eff iciency India
(REI) project, lead by NITI Aayog, Government of
India and Ministry of Environment, Forest and
Climate Change, Government of India. In November
2018, EWX won the first prize from Startup India,
Department of Policy Promotion, Ministry of
Industry and Commerce, Government of India.
61 Instock, a group of three restaurants based in the
Netherlands, aims to
reduce food waste. The profit they make is invested
in new projects
to lead the battle against food waste and create
awareness.
63 VIGGA is a growing business from Denmark that challenges
current
fashion consumption with its unique business
model, which offers
an online subscription platform for high quality
maternity wear and
children’s clothing produced using organic material.
64 Toast brews award-winning craft beer using fresh surplus
bread that
would otherwise be wasted, and donates all profits
to charity to help end
food waste. Launched in the United Kingdom in
2016, Toast now has
presence in the United States, South Africa, Brazil
and Iceland.
E-Waste Exchange is built with advanced tech at its core, Sanshodhan: An E-Waste Exchange is turning E-waste management SDGs 9, SDG 12, Recycling Circulate products and
strengthened four pillars of: Convenience, ‘Waste Tech’ into FinTech. It is attracting and digital SDG materials (at
Transparency, Economic Benefit and Sustainable multinationals and tech platform 13, their highest
Development. EWX digital tech infrastructure is smaller businesses, keen to showcase SDG value)
open for use by businesses as well as society, to their ethical business and responsible 14
directly transfer their e-waste to Government production and consumption
authorized, technically competent e-waste practices (aligning to SDGs 9 and 12). In
recyclers, solving the e-waste issues with respect addition, the data on the platform is
the flow to informal recyclers, at the heart of the useful for businesses, as well
e-waste challenge. as Government, to inform decision
making and enable sustainable
development i.e. in convergence with
SDGs 13 and 14.
Instock shows that food surplus has value by creating Instock has utilized 379,304 kilos of food waste Food waste reduction SDG 12 Reduce Eliminate waste and
delicious meals from otherwise discarded food, since June 2014. In addition, they have and pollution
and successfully launched hospitality
serving these meals in high quality dining a range of circular products, and created
experiences. Furthermore, they create a factory in the Netherlands to produce
awareness by organizing sauces and soups at scale
presentations, masterclasses, and educational from surplus food, and with these
projects and through their bestselling cookbook. undertakings, they have driven public
Instock engagement with the issue of
is also stimulating other hospitality food waste.
entrepreneurs to work with the residual products
that they rescue. In
addition, Instock has created unique circular
consumer products, for example, they
manufacture beer and
granola from food surplus.
VIGGA solves a universal problem by providing a product as As of November 2017, VIGGA circulated 130,000 Fashion and clothing SDG 12 Reuse, reduce, returned Circulate products and
a service, an alternative to the “buy and pieces of clothing. VIGGA families have and repackage materials (at
throwaway” model. The VIGGA customer achieved water savings their highest
receives a bundle of clothes, which are of 13 million liters and reduced CO2 value)
exchanged for larger sizes as the child or belly emissions by 10 tons by sharing the
grows. The returned clothes are checked for VIGGA clothes. A third-party lifecycle
flaws, treated and repackaged. assessment has calculated that a VIGGA
subscriber can reduce their
environmental footprint by up to 80
percent.
In the United Kingdom, 44 percent of bread is wasted. Toast has created a scalable business model Brewing and charity SDG 12 Reduce Eliminate waste and
Toast sources fresh surplus bread from bakeries through contract brewing and licensing pollution
and sandwich makers and transforms it into to maximize its
delicious beer. Bread replaces one-third of the positive environmental impact. To date,
virgin malted barley Toast has brewed beer with 11 tons of
otherwise required in brewing, with only hops, fresh, surplus bread and
yeast and water added. Their beer is a powerful aims to use over 1,000 tons by 2020. It
message in a bottle about food waste, raising also projects it will donate GBP 3.6
 awareness with consumers in a fun, engaging million to charities tackling food
way. They donate profits to the charity, waste over the next three years.
Feedback, to tackle the systemic causes of food
waste.

65 Yerdle is a fast growing, early-stage business that helps Yerdle provides brands the technology and logistics to In less than a year, Yerdle supported brand technology and logistics SDG 12 Resale , Reduce Circulate products and
enable large operate white-label resale programs on their partners are generating roughly USD 10 materials (at
brands to launch resale marketplace for their behalf. This technology powers circular business million of sales from used their highest
products, driving growth, models, so brands are able to capture value to items and kept tens of thousands of high value)
sales and circularity - giving them a competitive increase sales, loyalty quality items in use. Every item kept in
edge. In the last nine and new customer acquisition. As more brands use for an nine extra months
months, Yerdle has launched resale marketplaces buy back and resell their items, items stay in use reduces overall environmental footprint
for Patagonia, Eileen longer saving money and resources. by 20-30 percent.
Fisher and REI.

66 Green Standards Limited (GSL) has created a circular GSL maximizes asset recovery, streamline community Since 2011, GSL has diverted 38,000 tons of Office furniture and SDG 11, SDG Reduce, Reuse, Circulate products and
economy-inspired donation, and virtually eliminates waste by furniture-waste from landfill while asset recovery 12, Repurposing, materials (at
office solution working with forward-thinking combining donation, resale, and recycling facilitating USD 22 million SDG and Recycle their highest
corporations. They recover strategies with turnkey project management. of in-kind donations to 3,300+ non- 13 value)
usable resources and repurpose valuable office Through industryleading expertise and profits and community organizations. In
products to benefit proprietary technology, GSL designed a cloud 2017, GSL turned 8,500 tons
businesses, environment and communities across based reporting portal to collect a suite of unwanted furniture and equipment
North America, of supporting documents available to project into USD 2.5 million worth of in-kind
boasting a 98 percent landfill diversion rate across partners, tracking each item to its end user, donations to 400+ beneficiaries
1,000+ projects. demonstrating transparency and accountability. across North America.

71 Apple revolutionized personal technology with the Apple invented Liam, a line of robots that can quickly Apple re-melted aluminum enclosures Liam Technology and SDG 12 Reduce, Reuse, Recovery, Circulate products and
introduction of the disassemble an iPhone 6, recovering its high- dismantled to make Mac mini computers electronics recycle materials (at
Macintosh in 1984. Today Apple leads the world in quality that are used in final their highest
innovation with components and many materials that aren’t assembly facilities—demonstrating it’s value)
iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Apple Watch. Apple’s recovered using traditional recycling techniques. possible to incorporate scrap into new
employees are dedicated to Liam is an experiment in recycling technology products. Apple is exploring
making the best products on earth, and to leaving enabling improved content reuse and opportunities to expand these learnings
the world better than remanufacturing. The hope is that this to create substantial positive systematic
we found it. kind of thinking will educate and inspire others. change.

73 HP Brazil is developing digitally enabled circular supply chains
and products. HP considers Brazil a unique
environment for the development
of a circular economy ecosystem due to its
considerable consumer
market, extensive industrial parks and its role as a
center of cutting-edge supply chain technologies.
HP Brazil has been able to solve a problem that many
countries are still discussing. By integrating
circular requirements in an industrial policy, it
was possible to develop closed loop and digital
supply chain solutions using radio-frequency
identification, Internet of Things and 3D
technologies to provide remote visibility and
asset control, fostering circular business models
such as product-as-a-service, product life
extension and inventory
reduction.
HP Brazil’s closed loop solutions require 25 percent Technology and supply SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
less energy to produce than virgin chain materials (at
plastic, and deliver a management their highest
15 percent cost savings. More than 800 value)
tons of recycled resin were used to
produce ~seven million printers.
Digital technologies enabled productivity
increase by 50 percent in supplies
manufacturing, 5 percent in printers
inventory and increased PCs materials
assembly accuracy by 99.6 percent.

74 Evrnu is a research and development company specializing in Evrnu offers environment-sparing alternatives for the Evrnu’s technology can help to future-proof the Textile and fashion SDG 12 Reduce, Regenerate Circulate products and
 the breakdown and regeneration of post-consumer
cotton garment waste.
Evrnu’s technology is critical in making the circular
economy a reality in
the fashion industry. The Evrnu team is comprised
of innovative textile
industry professionals with exceptional
performance standards and
track records.
75 Circular IQ helps accelerate companies that believe circularity
is the change the world needs. Their key product is
an online software application which uses simple
supplier specific data to support intelligent circular
decision making throughout supply chains.
76 ECOR is transforming industries including advanced materials,
building products, print, packaging, waste and
recycling, with circular economy
solutions that are superior, sustainable and cost
reductive.
77 Excess Material Exchange (EME) is a digital secure
marketplace where
companies exchange excess materials and
products. It functions like
a dating site matching supply and demand, and
materials with their
highest value reuse opportunities, enabling a true
circular economy.
80 Sinctronics is a solutions provider for the electronics industry
aimed at
reducing the environmental impact of products in
the post-consumer
world’s highest demand fibers. Simply put, with textile supply chain, and could eliminate industry materials (at
Evrnu technology, discarded clothing is broken one-third of all discarded garments their highest
down and transformed into a pristine new fiber headed to landfills, 80 percent of value)
engineered to provide extraordinary pollutant emissions, and 98 percent of
performance characteristics for creating new the water required
premium textile products for virgin cotton production if deployed
at sufficient scale. Its engineered nature
means that there are no crop
dependencies, eliminating the volatility
risk inherent with grown fiber sources.
Digitization and data management are critical levers in Circular IQ helps its users to continuously improve Software and data SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
transitioning to circularity. Circular IQ offers a the circular characteristics of their management materials (at
cloud based application that supports businesses products, throughout the whole supply their highest
in identifying circular economy performance chain, enabling users to shift demand value)
criteria by collecting, comparing and analyzing towards more circular alternatives. This
the performance-data of suppliers and their technology is changing what businesses
supply chains, up to the buy, is driving a systems level change
raw material manufacturers. Data is digitized, and is having impact at a scale that was
easy to access, reliable, encrypted and suitable never possible before.
for third-party verification and reporting.
The ECOR Circular Economy Platform helps enable ECOR materials enable everything from print and Circular economy SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
enterprise and smart city customers to develop packaging, to consumer products and solutions and materials (at
turnkey solutions for engagement in the circular buildings, to be designed materials their highest
economy, which can convert customers fiber with the principles of the circular (Waste value)
waste into the ECOR based materials and economy. ECOR solutions increase the Management)
products they regularly procure and/or sell. The types of recyclable waste, while
platform is automated and delivers an optimized reducing dependency on virgin materials,
waste-to-value solution to operate smarter, volatile organic compounds in the built
sustainable and more profitably. environment and many costs
throughout the supply chain.
EME employs both AI and blockchain technology to match The EME marketplace creates a resource efficient Digital marketplace and SDG 12, SDG 9 Reduce, Reuse Circulate products and
materials and safely exchange sensitive data. This ecosystem significantly reducing the resource materials (at
sharing platform creates a transparent and environmental footprint exchange their highest
reliable source of decentralized secondary of society, as well as creating new jobs. value)
materials, from steel To date, EME have eight ecosystem
plates to textile fibers, facilitating frictionless partners, making them more
transactions and enabling the highest value reuse resource resilient to improve their
opportunities bottom line by turning wasted material
for materials. The EME solves information into value.
asymmetries, spurring innovation around
material reuse with their
knowledge partners.
Sinctronics operates and manages the planning and Combining innovation and research, Sinctronics Electronics and e-waste SDG 12 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Circulate products and
execution of reverse logistics, disassembly and recorded an increase in domestic management materials (at
destruction of consumer electronics, and the production of 33 percent, from 1,345 their highest
development and production of new raw tons in 2015 to 1,792 tons in 2016. They value)
 market while generating wealth and employment.
They emerged in 2013
with a mission to make today’s consumer
electronics the raw material.
materials and parts,
to better address the worldwide problem of e-
waste. Their approach provides the electronic
alternative for
product disposal through technology and lean
processes.
have also raised their internal
productivity up to 36 percent on
managing zero waste plants, from 4,848
tons in 2015 to 6,584 tons in 2017. The
recycling of toner cartridges also grew,
from 17,000 units in 2015 to 206,000
units in 2016. Sinctronics also attended
to more than 11,388 collection requests
in Brazil, enabling more than 1,175 tons
of waste electronics equipment to be
kept out of landfills.

82 The H&M Foundation is a non-profit global foundation The H&M Foundation transforms incentives to radically The H&M Foundation has received 8,100 entries Fashion industry and SDG 12, SDG 13 recycling Circulate products and
funding reinvent one of the largest industries in the world from 150 countries in three years innovation materials (at
innovation and technology to change the fashion to through the Global Change their highest
industry. This is become circular and climate positive. They invest Award - an innovation challenge award value)
supported by their Global Change Award which by absorbing risk, providing coaching, exposure program that aims to make fashion
aims to merge the and funding at circular and help protect the planet.
ecosystems of fashion and innovators. the earliest stages, creating the entry of a In addition, H&M Foundation is setting a
powerful pipeline to unlock the holistic values of goal to provide textile recycling
circularity across the technology to the industry by 2020.
range of digital to material solutions

86 Apto Solutions is an IT Asset Disposition company that Apto provides a wide range of services to help companies Since its inception, Apto have repositioned over 10 IT Asset Disposition SDG 12 Reduce, Recycle, Repair, Circulate products and
operates on the close the loop from where they are to where million technology assets and has Refurbishing materials (at
principles of service, sustainability, and security. they want compliantly recycled over their highest
Their ability to provide to be. These include lifecycle asset management, three million assets which has saved value)
individualized, quality circular economy solutions responsible IT recycling, facility and data center circa 20,000 metric tons of e-waste from
sets them apart consolidations, ending up in landfills.
within the industry. cloud migrations, repair and refurbishing, total
device management solutions as well as logistics,
technology
decommissioning and project management
services.

88 Ricoh is empowering digital workplaces, using innovative
technologies
and services enabling individuals to work smarter.
For more than 80
years, Ricoh has been driving innovation and is a
leading provider of
document management solutions, IT services,
commercial and industrial
printing, digital cameras, and industrial systems.
Ricoh promotes recycling activities by offering machine,
toner bottle and cartridge take back programs to
customers. Ricoh aims to bring about an
“industrial revolution of the environment”
through the development of
innovative environmental technologies. Since
2002, Ricoh has developed biomass technology
to replace the use
of virgin plastic in its multifunction copiers and
production printers.
Ricoh conducts environmental feasibility studies IT services, printing, and SDG 12 Reduce, Recycle Circulate products and
and technology assessments at their Eco industrial materials (at
Business Development Centre, while the systems their highest
use of more recycled material in machine value)
production and the expansion of
ecopackaging are both key targets in
their action plans. By 2020, 100 percent
of its products will meet the criteria of
their Sustainable Products Program and
they will rebuild 20,000 multi-functional
printers per year.

90 Fairphone believes the circular economy is an important part Fairphone’s focus on the circular economy is brought to life Fairphone has completed two lifecycle assessment Electronics industry SDG 12 Reduce, Repair, Recycle Circulate products and
of how through the design of the Fairphone 2 and their studies that estimates if they produce a materials (at
they do business, integrating it at various levels reuse phone with a lifespan of five years, it will their highest
 holistically across the and recycle programs. The Fairphone 2 allows
business. They have created a modular, more the user to customize, upgrade and repair the
sustainable smartphone to phone more easily,
inspire change in the electronics industry. with the company goal to slow down
obsolescence. Fairphone’s solution is a phone
that is easier to repair and,
easier to refurbish, recycle and dismantle.
92 The Finnish Innovation Fund, Sitra, is leading the catalytic Sitra led the building of the ground-breaking Circular
circular Economy 2016 - 2025 Roadmap for Finland. The
economy transformation in Finland, supporting implementation of the roadmap was started with
policy, business and the first WCEF, which was hosted by Sitra in 2017
education. Sitra continues to play a key role in in Helsinki.
accelerating the circular Sitra have also started a future-orientated fund
economy by helping to educate circular economy with over 50 trials and pilots, in collaboration
natives in all levels of with several public
education and hosting the World Circular Economy sector and business organizations.
Forum (WCEF) 2018
together with the Ministry of Environment of Japan
in Yokohama.
93 GreenCape is a non-profit organization that drives the GreenCape initiated the Western Cape Industrial Symbiosis
widespread Programme (WISP) in 2013. At the time, it was
adoption of economically viable green economy the first
solutions in South facilitated ISP in Africa. Currently funded by the
Africa. GreenCape works with businesses, investors, City of Cape Town, WISP is a free service that
academia and connects companies
government to support a transition to a resilient so that the underutilized or discarded resources
green economy of one company can be used by another. This
approach improves
resource efficiency within production processes,
enhancing business profitability and
sustainability
94 The Phoenix Mayor and City Council established the The Reimagine Phoenix Initiative focuses on three
Reimagine Phoenix principles: community education and
Initiative in 2013, setting a goal to divert 40 percent engagement; new
of waste from landfill programs and services; and public-private
by 2020, and in 2016 expanded the goal to achieve partnerships. To meet these goals, the City
zero waste by 2050. established the Resource
Innovation Campus (RIC), a circular economy hub
adjacent to a closed city landfill. The land is
available for lease
to manufacturers to take the City’s waste and
create economic development opportunities.
lead to a reduction of CO2 emissions value)
over the full lifecycle of the device by
approximately 30 percent.
Simultaneously it opens a great
opportunity for more labor in Europe, in
supporting services and activities around
extending the product lifetime, as well as
opportunities for more service based
models
To build the circular economy roadmap, Sitra Policy, business, and SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
gathered over 1,000 participants from all education materials (at
sectors of society to define a common their highest
agenda for a Finnish circular economy. value)
Through the trials, Sitra continues to
build a sustainable future together with
thousands of participants across the
public and private sector: for example,
the WCEF 2017 brought together over
1,600 circular economy change-makers
from 92 countries.
In four years, funding into WISP has increased Green economy SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
three-fold. Diverting 89 tons of waste in solutions materials (at
2013, it now diverts more than their highest
10,000 tons annually. Cumulatively, WISP value)
has diverted 28,000 tons of waste from
landfill, generated USD 3.8 million in
economic benefits for its members and
created 140 jobs in the local economy
In 2015, Phoenix became the first city in the Waste management SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
United States to join the Ellen MacArthur materials (at
Foundation CE100 group. their highest
In 2017, the City received the Bloomberg value)
Philanthropies C40 Cities U.S.
Cities4ZeroWaste award and the City’s
new compost facility earned Envision
Silver certification from the Institute for
Sustainable Infrastructure. To date,
Phoenix has achieved a 30 percent
diversion of waste from the landfill and is
leading the way in driving a circular
economy in the United States
95 London Waste and Recycling Board (LWARB) and the Greater LWARB and the GLA’s major focus is around creating an Embracing the circular economy in London is Public bodies, SDG12 Reduce Circulate products and
London ecosystem that will help enable London to predicted to generate GBP 7 billion net businesses, materials (at
Authority (GLA) are helping London lead the become benefit a year for London and academia their highest
transition to a circular the world’s circular economy capital. LWARB by 2036 and create 40,000 jobs by 2030. value)
economy. Together with other public bodies, supports circular economy SME’s to grow and London aims to become a zero waste city
businesses, and academia help traditional by 2026 and zero carbon by
across the capital, they are pioneering a radically businesses to transition to circularity, through 2050, positioning London as a leader to
better outcome for venture capital funding, collaboration, an act as an "open source" model
their citizens and the world. accelerator program, and
tailored business support. Along with creating a
circular economy Routemap with 100 practical
actions, LWARB
and the GLA are embracing the circular economy
across public policy and procurement.

98 Steelcase, the world’s leading manufacturer of office
furniture, is
committed to integrity and doing the right thing for
their customers,
employees, business partners and neighbors. What
started as
operational optimization efforts decades ago was
the beginning
of Steelcase’s circular economy journey.
After great progress on operational optimization activities,
Steelcase knew their impact could be
exponentially
bigger by focusing on the millions of square feet
they furnish each year. They have worked on
product and
material innovation, materials chemistry,
lifecycle thinking and assessments and end-of-
use strategies.
They have since transitioned to multiple circular
economy business models and continue to build
on the
improvements they have made.
Steelcase’s impact has been recognized by Office furniture SDG 12 Reuse, reduce Circulate products and
numerous certifications, including Blauer manufacturing materials (at
Engel, Cradle-to-Cradle, NF Environment their highest
and SCS Indoor Advantage. In 2016, they value)
executed over 1,400 decommissioning
projects–helping organizations save USD
4.4 million through asset reuse–recycled
over 26,000 tons of materials, and used
panel fabric waste to create new textiles.

101 Proctor & Gamble (P&G) has been serving consumers around
the world
with superior brands such as Tide, Pampers, Crest
and Head & Shoulders
since 1837. They are committed to improving the
lives of the world’s
consumers; now and for generations to come.
P&G is uniquely positioned to help consumers reduce their P&G is incorporating sustainability into their Consumer goods and SDG 12 Reduce, Renewable Eliminate waste and
environmental footprint through the use of their business plans. This has resulted in their manufacturing pollution
brands. Consumers know P&G by their brands Head & Shoulders beach (Waste
and through offering them more sustainable plastic bottle initiative, the adoption of Management)
choices, P&G is renewable energy at their facilities, a
helping to reduce the overall environmental commitment to zero manufacturing
footprint, not only through their manufacturing waste to landfill at their manufacturing
process, but also sites by 2020 and their Waste to Worth
throughout the entire life cycle of their brands. pilot in the Philippines and
PureCycle partnership.

2 As a company of owners, AB InBev (ABI) takes responsibility
for delivering measurable results and lasting
change. Its operational and commercial teams
develop and deliver circular goals together, working
across the full value chain to embed circular
decision-making across its operations, within its
product portfolio, and with its ecosystem of
partners.
ABI focuses continuously on innovation for circular impact.
They are upcycling spent grains into protein-rich
drinks, like Canvas, and identifying circular
solutions with innovators through their 100+
Accelerator program. In packaging, ABI is a leader
in light-weighting one-way glass and finding new
ways to make returnables easy for consumers.
ABI works collaboratively with suppliers and
partners to bring infrastructure to markets that
enables the recovery and recycling of otherwise
43% of ABI's volume globally is packaged in Beverage SDG 12 Reduce and Reuse Circulate products and
returnable glass bottles, which are eight materials (at
times less carbonintensive than one-way their highest
glass. ABI are also investing in returnable value)
and recycling infrastructure across six
continents in which they operate and
have committed to 100% returnable
packaging for all products by 2025. ABI
understands the impact that they can
have and they challenge themselves to

6 International Flavors and Fragrances Inc. (IFF) is a leading
innovator of sensory experiences that move the
world. IFF is currently implementing an ambitious
sustainability strategy that aspires to incorporate
circular economy principles throughout its value
chain.
12 Olleco was created 12 years ago to deliver technically
advanced
circular economy solutions for businesses across
the food
industry. Working with organizations of all sizes,
Olleco ensures
that they derive maximum financial and energy
values from their
waste organic resources.
20 Vegware is a manufacturer and visionary brand; the global
specialist in plant-based compostable food service
packaging. Its plant-based catering disposables are
made from renewable, lower carbon or recycled
materials, and can all be commercially composted
with food waste where accepted. Vegware has
operational bases in the UK, USA, Australia and
Hong Kong, with distribution networks across
Europe, the Middle East and the Caribbean.
lost materials. go further.
A central platform of IFF’s strategy is regeneration of Executing against a checklist of its circular design Flavors and fragrances SDG 3, SDG 6, Renewable Circulate products and
products, bolstered by a commitment to principles and metrics will accelerate SDG materials (at
intentionally design products that support IFF’s contribution to a circular economy. 12 their highest
wellbeing, society and the environment. IFF is Specifically, it will assist in the reduction value)
embedding circular economy principles in their of its reliance on fossil fuels for energy
organization’s culture by incorporating five and materials, eliminate the concept of
aspects of circular design; material health, waste, preserve nutrition in the food
material recirculation, renewable energy, water system, and improve the lives of people
and waste minimization, and responsible across its value chain.
sourcing. IFF hold themselves accountable
through circular design metrics.
Taking a uniquely holistic approach, Olleco is the catalyst Olleco’s visionary approach and expertise in Food SDG 7, SDG 9, Renewable Circulate products and
that brings food businesses together to embrace maximizing the value of materials SDG materials (at
the circular economy, answering their needs throughout the value chain 12 their highest
through provision of both sustainable waste has earned it a hugely significant share of value)
processing and the UK food industry. Consequently,
renewable fuels. By investing in national Olleco has an unmatched
collection and processing infrastructure, and impact on greenhouse gas emissions and
deploying advanced these will grow exponentially if their
anaerobic digestion and biorefinery facilities, methodologies are exported
Olleco completes the loop for businesses, helping around the planet.
them
promote sustainability agendas.
Vegware’s business is built around reduced waste and Since 2012, Vegware's full-time Environmental Food service packaging SDG 12, SDG Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Regenerate nature
increased recycling in foodservice. Where food Team have been working on routes to 13,
contamination stops plastic-card packaging being commercial composting, actively driving SDG
recycled, compostable disposables offer a change to UK recycling. Since June 2017, 15
practical Close the Loop has collected and
solution. Vegware takes producer responsibility composted over 110 tonnes of used
seriously, going beyond packaging to actively Vegware packaging – the equivalent of
encourage 9.7 million coffee cups.
composting. This includes the launch of its Close Its clients’ catering ‘waste’ is turned into
the Loop composting collection service in the UK, high-grade compost used for agriculture,
available in Bristol, Worcester, Gloucester, and horticulture, and
most of Scotland. landscaping purposes.
40 Winnow develops technology to help chefs achieve greater
visibility in their kitchens and make better decisions
that lead
to dramatically reduced food waste and costs.
44 Wasteless is a turn-key food waste reduction solution for
food retail, unleashing the power of dynamic
pricing, based on expiry dates.
It offers mark-down optimization – enabling clients
to achieve a
60% reduction in food waste, boost top line
revenues by 6% and the
opportunity to raise actionable consumer waste
awareness.
1 Schneider Electric leads the digital transformation of energy
management and automation. Their objective is to
assist buildings, industries, electric grids and data
centers to use less resources in order for the global
economy to become ‘Climate and One-
Planetcompatible'. Their solution is the circular
economy.
5 Essity is a global leader in sustainable solutions for hygiene
and health, dedicated to improving wellbeing
through products and services, essential for
everyday life. Sustainability is an integral part of
Essity's business, focusing on value creation for
people, nature and society, critical to success and
profitability. Essity engage customer channels
through its brands using three sustainability
platforms: 1) wellbeing, 2) more from less, 3)
The Winnow system is a smart meter which connects
commercial kitchens to cloud software allowing it
to record and analyze exactly what is put in the
bin. This gives chefs the information necessary to
drive
improvements in their production processes to
cut food waste in half, saving money and
reducing their
environmental footprint at the same time.
With Wasteless's solution, supermarkets sell more and
waste less with mark-down optimization, while,
in parallel, they can leverage Reinforcement
Learning through its AI technology. Consumers
see mark-downs on products, which enables
them to take sustainable purchasing decisions, by
paying less for perishable products with shorter
expiration dates. Depending on the number of
stock keeping units, the SAAS continuously
monitors stock levels to alert for stock-issues and
recaptures lost revenue opportunities including
cost of waste and out-of-stock items.
Schneider Electric designs and implements three forms of
Circular innovations. Firstly, their circular value
propositions prolong products’ lifespans through
leasing, pay-per-use models, refurbishments or
modernization, leveraging the power of
connectivity and digitization. Secondly, their
circular supply chain promotes take-back
schemes, aiming for zero-waste through the
avoidance of landfill. Finally, their products are
designed with circular criteria such as recycled
content, recyclability of resources and end-of-life
guidance.
Essity’s success stems from its deep understanding,
knowledge and insight of consumers’ needs
coupled with its ability to transfer this into
sustainable and innovative off erings. Driven by
their mission, Essity take a complete life cycle
approach to its business – including the sourcing,
production, development, distribution and
management of products after use in a
responsible and environmentally sound way.
To date Winnow has demonstrated significant Food industry SDG 2, SDG 12 Reduce Eliminate waste and
impact. It has cut food waste in half in pollution
thousands of kitchens
globally. It has also delivered US$ 25
million in savings to its customers –
that’s 18 million meals per year and a
waste equivalent of preventing one meal
from going to waste every seven
seconds.
Drawdown.org finds reducing food waste is the food retail and waste SDG 2 ,SDG 12, Reduce Eliminate waste and
third most impactful measure to reverse management SDG pollution
climate change. 13
Food makes up 22% of discarded
municipal solid waste. The single largest
source of GHG, it causes 8% of
emissions – with 5% due to retail
expiration date waste. Through reducing
food waste, Wasteless saves
over US$ 1,500 trillion in CO2
cost annually
Schneider Electric’s circular business models have Energy management SDG 12 Reduce and Reuse Circulate products and
resulted in 12% circular revenues and and materials (at
continued growth. 100,000 tonnes of automation their highest
primary resource consumption will be value)
avoided due to retrofits, refurbishments,
and takeback systems from 2018 to
2020. Schneider Electric off ers a
mySchneider app which provides
information on their eco-designed
products and provides clear instructions
for responsible end-of-life disposal.
Schneider Electric aims to double
recycled plastics in their products by
2025 and 100% of their cardboard, and
all pallets for transport packing will come
from recycled or certified sources by
2020.
At least one third of all Essity's innovations Hygiene and health SDG 3, SDG 6, Recycling , Recovery Eliminate waste and
improve society or the environment each SDG pollution
year. In 2017, 42% of its innovations 12
yielded social and/or environmental
improvements. In 2017, 62% of all
production waste was recovered in
materials or energy. Innovations and
new business models such as Tork
PaperCircle (world's first paper towel
 circularity.
17 CoreCentric Solutions has been a leader in the repair,
remanufacture and returns management industry
since its conception in 1995. Its business model is
built around circular economy principles, providing
brand owners with a sustainable returns
management solution.
27 Circular Economy Club (CEC) is a leading international
network of over 3,100 circular economy
professionals and organizations, from over 85
countries. CEC is a global, non-profit organization,
off ering free membership to anyone interested in
joining. CEC aims to connect professionals to foster
opportunities and collaboration on circular
initiatives and provide them with the
tools and resources needed to bring the circular
economy to life.
29 VTT is a visionary research, development and innovation
partner. It drives sustainable growth, tackling the
biggest global challenges
of our time, turning them into growth
opportunities. VTT paves
the way forward, assisting society and companies
to grow through harnessing technological
innovations. It has over 75 years of experience of
top-level research and science-based results. VTT is
at the focal point where innovation and business
come together.
recycling service) reduce carbon
footprint by at least 40% and generate
value and new ways of innovating
between customers, partners,
government, business and consumers
throughout the value chain.
CoreCentric provides a circular economy solution for In 2017, CoreCentric recovered more than 2 Reverse Logistic SDG 9 , SDG 12 Repairing , Circulate products and
broken and returned parts and products. Using a million service parts and 700,000 remanufacturing, materials (at
rigorous remanufacturing process, CoreCentric products. its yield is over 97% reuse and their highest
brings broken and unwanted parts and products with parts and over 75% with products. recycling value)
back to life. 2018 has seen significant growth in both
areas.
CEC seeks to achieve its goals through its online platform 150 young researchers and entrepreneurs have Non Government SDG 12, SDG 8 , Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Circulate products and
and three main programs: CEC Mentors, CEC been mentored by CEC Mentors and are Organization SDG materials (at
Organizers and CEC Global Events. Connecting implementing 17 their highest
circular economy experts to young students, circular economy in their projects. 3,000 value)
professionals, innovators and start-ups is initiatives were identified by over 2,000
essential to successfully embed circular principles members during the
in projects and initiatives. CEC launched the Circular Economy Mapping week – one
Mentors program to facilitate this circular of CEC’s global events organized to
advancement, linking CEC Members who have collaboratively solve challenges.
vast experience in implementing circularity with
those who can benefit from such expertise. The
CEC Organizers program is a collection of city-
based hubs which facilitate links between circular
leaders in the same geography, ensuring
circularity can be achieved at city-level scale. In
addition to facilitating individual
and city-level circular connections, Circular
Economy Club Global Events are opportunities
for CEC members to come together to solve both
local and global sustainability challenges,
harnessing the array of talent and
experience available within CEC.
Some of the key innovations VTT has created include One of VTT's paths to impact is through the Research, development, SDG 9, SDG 12, Replacement, Recycling, Circulate products and
cellulose-based multilayer materials to replace support of start-up companies such as and SDG Reuse materials (at
plastics in food packaging, technology to recycle Spinnova who produces innovation 13 their highest
cotton without losing its quality, turning carbon textile fibre from wood in a disruptive, value)
dioxide into nutritional protein, producing egg environmentally sound process. Other
white and dairy proteins without animal companies who have
involvement, thermochemical collaborated with VTT include: Paptic,
conversion technologies to refine biomass and, who make durable and flexible bags from
finally, transforming industrial side streams into cellulose that can replace
fuels, chemicals and food ingredients. plastic bags; Solar Foods, who use a
microbial system to brew nutritional
protein from carbon dioxide,
making a leap in sustainable food
 production; and Infinited Fiber Company,
who developed VTT's technology
to allow textile waste to be used again
and again while preserving 100% quality.

32 Generate Capital is a diversified infrastructure company that Generate Capital facilitates the adoption of circular Generate Capital is the only organization Energy and sustainable SDG 7, SDG 9, R- Stratagies Circulate products and
operates at the center of the circular economy. It economy infrastructure by turning expensive up- specifically focused on deploying circular infrastructure SDG materials (at
owns and front economy 12, their highest
operates roughly US$ 500 million of clean energy costs into everyday customer savings. Generate’s infrastructure at scale, processing nearly SDG value)
and sustainable model enables customers to benefit from the 700,000 tonnes of organic waste per 11,
infrastructure assets across power, waste and compelling year to power roughly
water and economic value proposition of these sustainable 10 GW of electricity capacity.
transport markets. solutions by driving lower equipment, services
and capital
costs. Facilitating this market development
requires the alignment of interests of multiple
stakeholders plus
a long-term mindset that its business model
uniquely provides.

46 DSM-Niaga is a group of redesigners, outsmarting complex DSM-Niaga enables new products and business models Over 1.5 million square meters of carpet has been product design and SDG 12, SDG Redesign, Reuse eliminating waste and
combinations of toxic and non-recyclable through circular economy design principles manufactured using its technology, with manufacturing 13, 15 pollution
ingredients in and technology innovations. In the last four a reduction of
everyday stuff . DSM-Niaga holds a non-negotiable years, DSM-Niaga has re-designed products 8 kg CO2
design deemed heavy equivalent per m2
philosophy to make products healthier and fully contributors to landfill by volume – such as when compared to mainstream
recyclable. carpet, mattresses and furniture – together with production processes. DSM-Niaga’s work
DSM-Niaga does not compromise on performance, like-minded has
even if it business partners. enabled the re-use of materials that
takes a radical change in manufacturing and otherwise would go to waste, with a
business models. strong focus on materials and
healthy and environmental stewardship
for a healthy circular economy

53 Ecoware is India’s first and largest sustainable packaging With increasing consumerism, fast growing economies Ecoware has completed a voluntary environmental Packaging and waste SDG 12 Regenerative Regenerate nature
company such as India suff er from the most visible faces and social audit that estimates US$ 2.47 management
founded on the principle of regenerative design. of of impact
Ecoware pollution – poor air and plastic blight. Ecoware created for every US$ 1 employed. At its
converts common agricultural waste that would employs indigenously designed solutions to solve current scale, Ecoware saves 1,200
otherwise be both these tonnes of plastic annually
burnt into aff ordable disposables for food services problems at scale. By using only the waste of from entering India’s landfills and, since
and medical crops, Ecoware incentivizes farmers not to burn inception, has off set 16,800 tonnes of
care. Ecoware is a biodegradable alternative to their waste CO2
single-use plastic crops and smartly converts cellulosic plant fiber emissions through
thereby contributing lasting societal and into strong packaging that is oil and waterproof, displacement of non-eco friendly
environmental impact. and heat alternatives. At a societal level, Ecoware
and cold resistant. contributes to improved
economic resilience and reduced health
risks from decreased usage of toxic

7 3 Step IT off ers technology-as-a-service: they help clients run
their IT more sustainably, provide a more eff ective
IT service, and do so at a lower cost. Using regularly
refreshed technology that works well helps
customers improve their IT services, while also
reducing the total cost of IT as these devices
require less support. 3 Step IT manages nearly 2
million devices for some 4,000 customers.
13 Close the Loop’s zero waste to landfill brand promise
engenders
innovative thinking; the result of which is the
development of a
highly unique product. Its polymer modified binders
utilize waste
toner and waste soft plastics diverted from landfill.
14 HYLA Mobile applies sustainable circular economy principles
to the mobile device market by extending their life.
Thanks
to HYLA’s technologies and processes, pre-owned
devices,
instead of polluting the earth in landfills, have life-
changing
impacts on the previously unconnected people of
the world.
15 MINIWIZ is a trash materials technology company that turns
postconsumer waste into high-performance
buildings, retail fixtures,
and consumer goods. Following an asset-light and
financially
profitable circular business model, MINIWIZ has
delivered over
300+ sustainable turnkey solutions.
16 Taking "Each City is a Mine" as the strategic goal, Tianjin
Citymine
strives to build a complete supply chain from the
waste producer to
plastics.
3 Step IT is a product life extension specialists, with its In 2018, 3 Step IT’s sustainability service handled IT solutions SDG 13, SDG 9, Reduce, Refurbish, Return Circulate products and
service based on leasing IT devices. Its clients use nearly 500,000 devices. Selling devices SDG materials (at
the service to acquire and manage IT devices, for re-use displaces new production. For 12 their highest
and then refresh them after a planned life a laptop, this reduces its carbon value)
(typically two years for smartphones, and three footprint by 47%. Re-use also provides
years for laptops). 3 Step IT reduces lease rental aff ordable technology for markets
costs by recovering value from used devices where performance is less important
when they are replaced. First it securely erases than price.
clients’ data, then it refurbishes and resells 98%
of returned devices for a second life.
Close the Loop has created an asphalt additive that Globally, soft plastics are a major environmental Waste management and SDG 11 , SDG Recycle, reduce Circulate products and
significantly improves the characteristics of issue. For every kilometre of road, Close recycling 12, materials (at
asphalt, making superior quality road surfaces the Loop use the equivalent of 530,000 SDG 9 their highest
that have a 65% increase in fatigue life and plastic shopping bags and waste toner value)
improved resistance to deformation. The additive from more than 12,500 printer
is for use in asphalt mixes using waste printer cartridges. From a circular economy
toner and waste soft plastics. perspective, these road surfaces are
infinitely recyclable, meaning they can
be scraped off , regurgitated and re-laid
forever.
HYLA has created a viable model for circular economy by Since inception, HYLA has re-purposed over 50 Mobile device market SDG 9, SDG 11 , Repurposing, reuse and Circulate products and
repurposing mobile devices. HYLA collects, million devices, resulting in nearly US$ 4 SDG recycling materials (at
analyses, processes and redistributes refurbished billion in value for 12 their highest
devices from developed economies giving them a their owners. HYLA has encouraged value)
new life in emerging economies. This approach sustainable practices to help save 6,500
delivers economic, environmental and social tonnes of e-waste from going to
benefits to the partners, consumers and landfill, avoided nearly 227 billion litres
communities it serves. An ‘everyone wins’ value of groundwater pollution and brought
proposition, this has increased participation connectivity to over 30 million
from the mobile eco-system. unconnected people.
MINIWIZ provides customized solutions that brings Following a proven circular business model, Waste management SDG 9, SDG 11 , Reuse and recycling Circulate products and
together project management, waste consulting, MINIWIZ has saved over 17 million kg SDG materials (at
material RandD, design and engineering, and the CO2 with its construction projects alone. 12 their highest
manufacturing of products to design. Ranging With the introduction of the mobile value)
from plastics, textiles, upcycling plant, Trashpresso, recycling
e-waste, bio-waste, metals, and paper, MINIWIZ can be done anywhere in the world,
works with trash directly gathered from its thereby further reducing the emission of
clients and its own CO2 related to logistics and
collection of recycled materials. waste processing.
Tianjin Citymine has formed an online-offline integrated By establishing a standardized "urban mine" Waste management SDG 11 , SDG Reuse and recycling Circulate products and
business. The offline business features both a exploration pattern, Tianjin Citymine 12 materials (at
movable recycle station and an intelligent realized huge savings for their highest
management system. The online management the recycling industry with production,
 the resource user, in order to achieve a reverse
logistics system of
urban waste.
19 TerraCycle is an innovative waste management company with
a mission to eliminate the idea of waste®.
Operating across 21 countries, TerraCycle partners
with leading consumer product companies,
retailers, cities and facilities to recycle products and
packages that would otherwise end up being land
filled or incinerated – ranging from dirty diapers all
the way to cigarette butts.
41 Cambrian Innovation is a globally-recognized, industrial
biotechnology company committed to helping the
industrial sector economically and simply close
resource loops by extracting clean water and clean
energy from wastewater streams using
revolutionary, robust, and resilient proprietary
technologies.
42 Enerkem produces advanced biofuels and renewable
chemicals
from waste. Its disruptive proprietary technology
converts nonrecyclable, non-compostable solid
waste into methanol, ethanol
and other widely-used chemicals. Enerkem's
facilities are built
as prefabricated systems based on the company's
modular
manufacturing infrastructure that can be deployed
globally.
45 ZenRobotics is a leading supplier of intelligent sorting robots
for
the waste industry. With the help of robots,
ZenRobotics provides
modern waste management solutions to its
customers using the
most advanced technology to sort waste, while
reducing costs and
health risks.
system can provide operations, logistics and warehousing value)
data support for the comprehensive costs. It also achieved large
management of waste urban mines. reductions on reported cases of fraud,
safety hazards and secondary pollution.
TerraCycle works with leading consumer product TerraCycle has diverted more than 4 billion pieces Waste management SDG 12, SDG Reduce, Recycle, Reinvest Eliminate waste and
companies to integrate hard-to-recycle waste of waste from landfill, won over 200 14, pollution
streams, awards for SDG
such as ocean plastic, into their products and sustainability and donated almost US$ 25 15
packaging. TerraCycle also sells Zero Waste Boxes million to schools and charities since its
that are founding 15 years ago.
purchased by end users to recycle items in
offices, homes, factories and public facilities.
Cambrian’s award-winning EcoVolt® Reactor is a cutting- With nine operating plants across the United Wastewater treatment SDG 6, SDG 7 Renewable, Recycle and Eliminate waste and
edge biological process that efficiently converts States and a tenth under construction, Recover pollution
wastewater to renewable energy. Through its Cambrian Innovation has
proprietary membrane bioreactor and data- grown from a 50 mL cell in a MIT lab to
analytics systems, Cambrian Innovation offer treating 322 million litres of wastewater,
modular, pre-fabricated, and scalable recycling 95 million litres of
wastewater treatment plants. Cambrian’s water, and creating or saving 1 GW
business model, the water-energy purchase energy per hour.
agreement (WEPA, like the power purchase
agreement in solar) is catalyzing deployment,
enabling customers to minimize risk and pay per
litre.
Enerkem’s patented technology chemically recycles the Enerkem’s breakthrough technology helps increase Waste management and SDG 7, SDG 9, Recycle and Recovery Eliminate waste and
carbon contained in non-recyclable waste (i.e. waste diversion and promotes the renewable SDG pollution
garbage). In less than five minutes, Enerkem’s circular economy energy 12,
process first converts this carbon into a pure through fuels and chemicals derived
synthesis gas (also called syngas), which is then from waste. Enerkem helps diversify the
turned into biofuels and chemicals, using energy mix and make greener
commercially available catalysts. everyday products while off ering a
sustainable and economical alternative
to landfilling, incineration and
traditional fuels and chemicals.
ZenRobotics is a robotic waste sorting system that Robotic waste sorting maximizes the efficiency of Waste management and SDG 9, SDG 11 Recycling, Recovery Circulate products and
combines modern sensors, industrial robots and waste sorting, increases the purity of recycling materials (at
Artificial Intelligence to identify and sort mixed recyclables and their highest
waste into valuable recyclables. Unlike traditional reduces risks for injuries. New, smarter value)
sensor-based technologies, ZenRobotics’ robots and more efficient technologies are a
rely on object recognition, enabling that enables necessity to reach higher
more versatile sorting. purity requirements and recycling rates.
The robots can be trained to recognize new Advanced technologies could also have a
fractions that allow more flexible waste sorting positive impact on the

48 Topolytics is a data aggregator and analysis business that is
exposing the generation, movement and fate of
secondary raw
materials in an industrial and commercial context.
Topolytics is,
according to Cleantech Group, at the forefront of
the growing
'smart waste' sector. In 2017, Topolytics was invited
to join
the Ellen Macarthur Foundation CE100, as a leading
circular
economy innovator.
49 Zero Mass Water’s mission is to make drinking water an
unlimited resource. SOURCE is a Hydropanel that
creates drinking water by combining sunlight and
air — made possible by the application of advanced
materials science, thermodynamics, and controls
technology. With SOURCE Hydropanels, Zero Mass
Water puts the power of safe, high-quality water
production into the hands of every person in nearly
every climate and corner of the world. Zero Mass
Water is headquartered in Scottsdale, AZ, USA with
installation partners across the globe.
50 TriCiclos is an engineering circular economy BCorp focused
on consumer good processes, services and
products. They
believe waste is nothing but an error of design, that
can and
must be solved.
54 Through flexible, monthly subscriptions, Grover’s customers
gain
access to a multitude of hi-tech products, including
smartphones,
laptops, cameras, virtual reality and gaming gear,
with the option to
use them as long as they please and simply send
them back when
they are done.
when the composition of waste changes. attractiveness of the waste industry.
Topolytics is a smart grid for secondary raw materials use. Typically, secondary raw materials are generated Waste management SDG 12, SDG 9, Remanufacture, reuse Circulate products and
Its ‘WasteMap’ and ‘WasteTrack’ platforms draw in one location, then moved for sale, re- SDG materials (at
in data from producers of secondary raw manufacture, 11 their highest
materials and the recycling or reprocessing disposal or reuse. This complex system is value)
sector. This generates opaque and sub-optimal and significant
the most accurate, verifiable dataset on these value is lost. By building
materials and their movements locally and location intelligence into this system,
globally. Machine Topolytics supports commercial
learning and geospatial analytics then generate decisions in a processing capacity,
insights and reports for these materials users and and arms investors and policy makers
processors. with insights and decision support that
ultimately enables a circular
economy at scale.
SOURCE is a Hydropanel, a solar powered technology Zero Mass Water's purpose is to perfect water for Water technology and SDG 6 Reduce Eliminate waste and
needing only sunlight and air to make drinking every person in every place. Its renewable pollution
water. Installed on your roof or on the ground, technology, SOURCE resources
SOURCE extracts water vapor from the air to Hydropanels, ensure its customers have
make, mineralize, and deliver drinking water to the best water possible, right at the tap.
your tap. Uniquely independent of infrastructure, Whether at a home in the US
SOURCE is the only technology capable of making or at a remote Pacific island,
high-quality, delicious drinking water without Hydropanels make the world’s only off -
plugging into an additional electric or water grid, renewable drinking water. In a
supply. While SOURCE looks similar to a solar world where every person experiences
panel, its purpose is to make water from the air water stress, SOURCE gives you drinking
water peace of mind.
From the experience gained through the operation of the Through TriCiclos’ operations, 33,145 tonnes of Waste management and SDG 12 Recycling Eliminate waste and
largest network of recycling stations in South recyclable material has been diverted circular pollution
America, TriCiclos off er a multitude of products from landfills, over 140,000 tonnes of economy
and services both upstream and downstream of CO2 emissions have been saved, over 4 consultancy
the waste generation stream. These products million people have been reached
and services include recycling stations, logistics, through recycling stations and education
educational programs, public policies, high-end programs, and in excess of 15,000
consultancy, sustainability strategies, businesses’ packaging solutions have
recyclability indexes and lifecycle assessments, been analysed, with 60+ clients impacted
new product and services development, design through in-depth consultancy.
and technologic development.
Grover is the first FinTech subscription company to adopt Grover is the market leader in technology rentals Technology rental SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
circular economy principles. Grover’s model and is bringing the freedom of renting to materials (at
breaks the link between ownership and use by the huge their highest
purchasing products so people don’t have to. consumer electronics market. Grover’s value)
This transforms tech circular model of refurbishing products
consumption from a linear to a circular model. and renting them to
Since 2015, Grover has recirculated over 50,000 numerous users before selling or
devices, keeping them in use longer and actively recycling them is boosting the circular
reducing the need for new device consumption, economy to the next level by

56 CupClub™ is an innovative returnable packaging service for
drinks that utilizes RFID technology to provide
complete supply chain traceability. CupClub™ helps
retailers reduce single-use plastic packaging
through trackable products and an inbuilt loyalty
scheme. The CupClub™ system is designed to
collect, wash and redeploy packaging-as-a-service.
CupClub™ can be used acrosscafés, canteens,
restaurants, self-serve coff ee/tea points and drinks
vending.
60 Banyan Nation is one of India’s leading vertically integrated
plastics
recycling companies that uses data intelligence to
integrate a largely
informal supply chain, and a proprietary plastics
cleaning technology
to produce Better PlasticTM - near virgin quality
recycled granules that
brands can use to make mainstream products and
packaging.
62 Discarded fishing nets have been recognized as the most
harmful form
of ocean plastic pollution. Bureo has developed a
circular economy
model that helps enable discarded nets to be
transformed into innovative
products, such as skateboards, and a new material
source.
69 RePack applies the bottle deposit system into ecommerce
with an
innovative packaging design and business model.
RePack is an
ecommerce delivery packaging, delivered as a
service. It improves
consumer loyalty, increases average order value
and improves
brand loyalty
reducing the amount of e-waste.
CupClub™ is first to market with a returnable packaging
service that eliminates single-use cups, providing
a zero waste alternative for brands, retailers and
businesses to transition to the circular economy.
CupClub™
combines RFID technology into every product
packaging so that it can be tracked across the
supply chain
and optimized for reuse. The technology is
designed to capture data and insights into
consumer behaviour and retail sales to better
understand customer purchasing habits.
Banyan’s mobile and cloud based data intelligence
platform integrates and sources materials from
bulk waste generators and informal last mile
collectors who collect over 70 percent of India’s
post-consumer plastic waste. The platform is also
used by cities to understand waste flows,
improve recycling and landfill diversion, and
make waste management more effective,
efficient and economical. The company’s plastics
cleaning technology removes inks, paints, labels,
adhesives and product remnant from plastics to
restore it to near virgin quality.
Bureo launched their first fishing net collection and
recycling program, known as Net+Positiva, in the
country of Chile in 2013. Utilizing a lifecycle
assessment and a circular economy business
model, Bureo partners directly with fisheries to
provide a positive end of life solution to their
discarded gear through a supply chain that
produces a regenerative resource known as
NetPlus material.
RePack is the first reusable, returnable and refundable
packaging service for ecommerce globally and
replaces
single use delivery packaging. RePack packaging
is designed to be flattened when empty and
returned via the
postal system in letter size. Once returned, the
user is rewarded with a voucher, cash back or
charity donation for
opening it to mainstream consumers.
CupClub™ outperforms its peers by using only half Packaging and supply SDG 12 Reuse, Return, Reduce Circulate products and
the CO2 to disposable cups, including PE materials (at
lined paper, PLA compostable, Styrofoam their highest
and even ceramic cups. A single-use value)
expanded polystyrene 12oz cup with lid
has a 38% higher carbon footprint than
the CupClub service. Plus, these items
are most likely to go to landfill
or energy from waste at end of life.
Furthermore, based on a 1% recovery
and recycling rate, a 12oz paper
polyethylene lined coff ee cup with lid
has a 96% to 101% higher lifecycle
impact than the CupClub service.
Banyan Nation has recycled over seven million Plastics recycling and SDG 12 Recycling Circulate products and
pounds of plastics and integrated waste materials (at
thousands of informal sector management their highest
last mile collectors, formalizing a largely value)
informal value chain for plastics recycling
in India. The company is
helping to arrest the down cycling of
plastics and enabling reputed brands to
include recycled plastics in their
mainstream products and packaging.
Bureo has collected over 150,000 kg (330,000 lbs) Recycling and product SDG 14 Recycling , Regenerative Circulate products and
of discarded nets to date, equating to manufacturing materials (at
about 4.5 million square their highest
feet of fishing nets, resulting in over USD value)
1 million of product sales since 2014.
Bureo is now partnering with
industry leading companies such as
Patagonia, Humanscale and Jenga to
incorporate NetPlus materials and
scale their recycling programs.
RePack packaging is designed to be used at least E-commerce packaging SDG 12 Return, reusable, reduce Circulate products and
20 times and it reduces CO2 emissions by materials (at
up to 80 percent their highest
compared to single use packaging. It value)
improves customer loyalty, improves
user experience and best of all, there
is no trash when shopping online.

70 AMP Robotics is a start-up formed with the goal of bringing
artificial
intelligence and robotics to the recycling industry to
fundamentally
change the costs and effectiveness of recycling.
72 Enevo provides waste and recycling services to retail,
restaurant, multifamily and commercial property
clients. They use a combination of
proprietary technology and a client-focused team
to manage the daily
waste operations of their customers to take the
“waste out of waste”.
78 Cohealo is a technology company that partners with hospital
systems to
increase the utilization of their medical and surgical
equipment.
85 perPETual developed and successfully commercialized an
environmentally sustainable and cost-effective
process to reverse
engineer consumer waste plastic (Polyethylene
terephthalate) bottles
into high quality sustainable (poly)ester. This
sustainable ester can
directly replace conventional esters made from PTA
and MEG, both high
carbon footprint petrochemicals.
87 Battery Solutions is a leading battery recycler in the United
States -
a challenging geography with typically poor
recycling rates.
It is estimated that only eight percent of all primary
and rechargeable
batteries are being recycled.
taking part and the packaging is reused.
AMP Robotics has successfully developed a new kind of The AMP Robotics two pilot Cortex units have Recycling industry SDG 12 Recycle, Reduce Eliminate waste and
sorting technology for recycling facilities–the diverted 1.4 million pounds of high- pollution
Cortex robot. The robot is capable of automating density polyethylene and
the separation of commodities with practically no aseptic cartons from landfill during the
retrofit or change to existing operations. Cortex first half of 2017. This equates to
robots are powered by Neuron, the artificial removing over 3,200 cars from the road
intelligence that perceives material in the dirty, and over 1,200 metric tons of avoided
commingled conditions found in facilities today CO2 emissions.
and automates separation.
Enevo installs sensors on waste and recycling dumpsters, Enevo’s technology reduces waste generation, Waste management and SDG 12 Reduce, recycle Eliminate waste and
wirelessly transmitting data collected from the increases recycling and improves the recycling pollution
sensors to Enevo’s platform. Analytics are applied service their clients receive. services
to determine which dumpsters need attention To date, Enevo has reduced missed
immediately. pickups for their clients by 67 percent,
Enevo is able to identify when a collection is increased recycling by 16 percent and
missed, if a dumpster is receiving the right level delivered average savings of 22 percent.
of service, ultimately
saving their clients time and money.
On average, a ten-facility health system will own USD 1 Cohealo has helped a multi-state health system Healthcare and medical SDG 12 Reduce Circulate products and
billion of equipment. On average, these assets sit decrease their rental volume by 64 equipment. materials (at
idle for 58 percent of their usable life. Cohealo percent and identify almost their highest
helps hospital systems to free up capital by USD 9 Million in savings across two value)
increasing the utilization of years.
their medical equipment through proactive
analytics and equipment sharing.
perPETual helps enable manufacturers to use PET bottles perPETual has over 20 patents and currently Plastic recycling and SDG 12 Reduce, Recycling Circulate products and
as feedstock in place of traditional oil and gas recycles ~two million plastic bottles a sustainable materials (at
based PET chemicals. The first application of this day–20 tons per day, using materials their highest
ester has been to manufacture high quality 75 percent less energy and 86 percent value)
sustainable (poly)ester filament yarns (DTY) used less water than conventional PET plants.
in the textile industry. At scale, these sustainable Their next plant will be designed
DTYs match the cost and quality of traditional to process over 10 million PET bottles a
filament yarns. day
Battery Solutions is actively developing and deploying Battery Solutions marked their 25th anniversary Battery recycling SDG 12 Reduce, Recycle Circulate products and
technology to capture more value from batteries this year celebrating an estimated one materials (at
to drive down recycling costs; therefore, passing billion pounds of batteries their highest
price reductions onto consumers to financially collected, recycled and turned into value)
incentivize them to recycle their batteries. They secondary commodities that are
offer services spanning the collection, sorting, circulated back into the manufacturer
processing and logistics of batteries, and full marketplace during their 25-year
service battery recycling management to make
 circularity easily accessible for their customers. commitment to the circular economy.

91 Favini is a worldwide leader in the design and production of
textures
and finishing solutions for eco-leather and is a
leading global producer
of graphics specialties, natural fibers-based
(cellulose, algae, fruits,
nuts, etc.) for the packaging of luxury and fashion
industries. Favini also
operates in the converting products industry sector.
Favini creates a new generation of papers coming from Remake is a sustainable and ecofriendly product, Packaging SDG 12 Reduce, Remake Circulate products and
innovative materials, such as Shiro Alga Carta Forest Stewardship Council certified, materials (at
using algae from a Venice lagoon. In 2012 they produced using EKOenergy and is 100 their highest
launched Crush, the eco-paper produced with percent recyclable and compostable. The value)
agro-industrial residues in substitution of 15 use of 25 percent of leather residue
percent of tree cellulose; and Remake in 2015, reduces the virgin raw materials needed
the paper obtained from the upcycling process of in the paper production, and reduces
leather manufacturing residues that replace up disposal costs.
to 25 percent of tree fibers.

97 DS Smith is building an ever more sustainable business. Not only does DS Smith implement circular principles in As Europe’s leading recycler of corrugated and Recycling, paper, SDG 12 Reduce, Recycling Circulate products and
Recycling, their own operations but with a business full of paper packaging, DS Smith Recycling packaging, materials (at
paper, packaging and plastic divisions work in Supply Cycle Thinkers, they bring the closed loop, manages over five million and plastic their highest
synergy to use waste as corrugated packaging economy to life in some of tons of waste per annum, resulting in value)
a resource and operate a closed loop business the largest FTSE100 fast moving consumer goods over 80 percent by tonnage of DS Smith
model. Circular economy brands in the world. Multiple innovation projects Group’s total input materials being
principles are embedded right across the across DS Smith are focused on converting by- recycled corrugated paper and packaging
organization products and waste into valuable resources. or recycled plastic.

102 Google is a leader in organizing the world’s information – Google is embedding circular economy strategies at scale Google’s circular initiatives have resulted in Technology sector SDG 9, SDG 12, Remanufacturing Eliminating waste and
making it in the management of hardware inside their data hundreds of millions USD in annual SDG pollution and
universally accessible and useful. They are centers by implementing maintenance, savings, and 86 percent 13 Circulating
committed to doing this remanufacturing, secondary market sales, and waste diversion across their data centers products and
in a way that creates positive impacts for people recycling practices to globally. In 2016, 36 percent of the materials (at
and the planet. divert waste across their data centers globally. servers Google deployed were their highest
Google continues to share their learnings remanufactured machines and they sold value)
through case studies nearly two million decommissioned units
to encourage others to utilize these approaches into secondary markets.
across infrastructure, operations and culture. Google achieved 100 percent waste
diversion rates in six of their 14 data
centers in 2016, and is in the process of
calculating their final energy bills and
expect that they reached their target of
100 percent renewable energy for
their global operations in 2017, including
data centers and offices.