Government Engineering College, Patan

At-Katpur
 Affiliated
To
Gujarat Technological University

Electronics & Communication Engineering Department

Laboratory Manual
B.E. Fourth Year (Semester–VIII)
Radar & Navigation Aids (2181103)
Government Engineering College, Patan
At-Katpur

Electronics & Communication Department

Certificate
This is to certify that

Mr./

Ms._____________________________________________________________________Enrollmnt

no.___________________Of 8th Semester Degree course in E & C Engineering has

satisfactorily completed his/her term work in Radar & Navigation Aids (2181103)

during the December 2020 to May 2021.

Date of Submission ______________________

Staff in charge ______________________

Head of E & C Department ______________________

 Government Engineering College,Patan
Electronics & Communication Department
Index
Name: _____________________________________ Enrollment No._____________

Sr
Title Date Sign.
no.
Write a program in Matlab for computing minimum
1 28-12-2020
detectable power for radar
Write a program in Matlab for computing radar range
2 04-01-2021
including noise
3 Write a program in Matlab for radar cross section 22-02-2021

Write a program in Matlab for computing Doppler

4
Frequency 09-03-2021
5 Write a program in Matlab for single line delay canceller
05-04-2021
6 Write a program in Matlab for double line delay canceller
12-04-2021
7 Write a program in Matlab for linear antenna field
Intensity 19-04-2021
8 Write a program in Matlab for synthetic aperture radar 27-04-2021
9 Tutorial 1

10 Tutorial 2
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 1

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing minimum detectable power for radar.
Code:

pt = 1.5e6; % transmitted power (W)

G = 10*log10 (45); % antenna gain (dB)
sigma = 0.1; % antenna effective aperture (m^2)
f= 5.6e9 ; % frequency (Hz)
c= 3e8; % speed of light (m/s)
lambda = c/f;
for rmax = 10e3:0.5e3:30e3; % min detectable signal power (m)
smin = (pt*(G^2)*(lambda^2)*sigma)/(((4*pi)^3)*(rmax^4))
plot (rmax,smin,'*');
hold on;
end

xlabel('Max range ');

ylabel('Smin ');
title('Minimum dectable signal power for radar range ');
Result:
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 2

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing radar range with SNR.
Code:

pt = 1.5e6; % tranmitted power(W)

G = 10^(45/10); % antenna gain (dB)
sigma = 0.1; % target cross section (m^2)
f = 5.6e9; % frequency (Hz)
c = 3.0e8; % speed of light (m/s)
k = 1.38e-23; % Boltzman's constant
Te =290; % effective temp. (K)
F = 10^(3/10); % noise figure (dB)
SNR_min = 10^(20/10); % signal to noise ratio (dB)
lambda = c/f;

for pulse_width = [0.2e-6:0.05e-6:2e-6]; % (sec)

B = 1/pulse_width;
rmax = ((pt*(G^2)*(lambda^2)*sigma)/(((4*pi)^3)*k*Te*B*F*SNR_min))^(1/4)
plot(rmax,pulse_width,'.');
hold on;
end

xlabel('Max range ');

ylabel('Pulse width');
Result:
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 3
Aim: Write a program in Matlab for radar cross section
Code:

frequ = 0e6;
freql = 15e6;
scat_spacing = 50;
eps = 0.0001;
freq_band = frequ - freql;
delfreq = freq_band / 500.;
index = 0;
for freq = freql: delfreq: frequ
index = index +1;
wavelength(index) = 3.0e+8 / freq;
end
elec_spacing = 2.0 * scat_spacing ./ wavelength;
rcs = abs ( 1 + cos((2.0 * pi) .* elec_spacing) + i * sin((2.0 * pi) .* elec_spacing));
rcs = rcs + eps;
rcs = 20.0*log10(rcs); % RCS ins dBsm

% Plot RCS versus frequency

freq = freql:delfreq:frequ;
plot(freq,rcs,'linewidth',2); grid;
xlabel('Frequency (Hz)');
ylabel('RCS in dBsm');
Result:
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 4

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for computing Doppler frequency.

Code:

%for freq = 10E6:5E6:100E6;

freq = 20e6;
ang = 30;
for tv = 500:10:750; % m/s
target = 1;
format long
c = 3.0e+8;
ang_rad = ang * pi /180.;
lambda = c / freq;
if (target == 1)
fd = 2.0 * tv * cos(ang_rad) / lambda;
tdr = (c - tv) / (c + tv);
else
fd = -2.0 * c * tv * cos(and_rad) / lambda;
tdr = (c + tv) / (c -tv);
end
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(tv,fd,'*');
hold on;
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(tv,tdr,'o');
hold on;
end

fd
tdr

display ('Calculation Result for Doppler Frequency');

display('--------------------------------------------');
disp (['Doppler Frequency = ',num2str(fd)]);
disp (['Time Dilation Factor = ',num2str(tdr)]);
Result:

fd = 86.60
tdr = 0.99

Calculation Result for Doppler Frequency

--------------------------------------------
Doppler Frequency = 86.6025
Time Dilation Factor = 1
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 5
Aim: Write a program in Matlab for single line delay canceller.

Code:
% single canceler
eps = 0.00001;
fofr = 0:0.01:1;
arg1 = pi .* fofr;
resp = 4.0 .*((sin(arg1)).^2);
max1 = max(resp);
resp = resp ./ max1;

subplot(2,1,1)
plot(fofr,resp,'k')
xlabel ('Normalized frequency - f/fr')
ylabel( 'Amplitude response - Volts')
grid

subplot(2,1,2)
resp=10.*log10(resp+eps);
plot(fofr,resp,'k');
axis tight
grid
xlabel ('Normalized frequency - f/fr')
ylabel( 'Amplitude response - dB')
Result:
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 6

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for double line delay canceller.

Code:

eps = 0.00001;
fofr = 0:0.001:1%fofr1;
arg1 = pi .* fofr;
resp = 4.0 .* ((sin(arg1)).^2);
max1 = max(resp);
resp = resp ./ max1;
resp2 = resp .* resp;

subplot(2,1,1);
plot(fofr,resp,'k--',fofr, resp2,'k');
ylabel ('Amplitude response - Volts')

resp2 = 20. .* log10(resp2+eps);

resp1 = 20. .* log10(resp+eps);

subplot(2,1,2)
plot(fofr,resp1,'k--',fofr,resp2,'k');

legend ('single canceler','double canceler')

xlabel ('Normalized frequency f/fr')
ylabel ('Amplitude response - dB')
Result:
 Date: / /
Experiment No: 7
Aim: Write a program in Matlab for linear antenna field intensity

Code:

% Linear Antenna Field Intensity

clc;
clear all;
close all;

n = input('Enter the The Number of linear Array (n) : ');

si = 0 : 0.01 : (2*pi) ;

% Field Intensity
FI = abs((sin(n*si./2))./(sin (si./2)));

figure,plot(si,FI);
title('Field Intensity of Antenna');
xlabel('si');
ylabel('Field Intensity of Antenna');

figure,polar (si,FI);
title('Polar Plot of Antenna Pattern');

Result:

Enter the The Number of linear Array (n) : 5

 Date: / /
Experiment No: 8

Aim: Write a program in Matlab for synthetic aperture radar.

Code:

% SAR
clc; clear
all; close
all;

v = 150 ;
R = 10E3;
f = linspace(1E9,100E9,100);
for crr = 1:2:10;
c = 3E8;
lamda = c./f;
Daz = R*lamda/crr;
Ta = Daz/v;
figure(1),loglog(f,Ta); grid on; hold on;
end
xlabel(' Fig 1. Frequency (Hz)','fontsize',14); ylabel('Aperature(sec)','fontsize',14);

v = 7500;
R = 770E3;
for crr = 10:10:100;
c = 3E8;
lamda = c./f;
Daz = R*lamda/crr;
Ta = Daz/v;
figure(2),loglog(f,Ta); grid on; hold on;
end
xlabel('' Fig 2 Frequency (Hz)','fontsize',14); ylabel('Aperature(sec)','fontsize',14);
Result: