TECHNO INTERNATIONAL NEWTOWN

FIBRE OPTIC COMMUNICATION

Attenuation
Of Signals NAME : RITAM MAJUMDER
ROLL NO. : 18700320009
STREAM : ECE
BATCH : 2020-2024
DATE : 03.02.2024
Contents
What is Fibre Optic
Communication?
Attenuation in Fibre Optic
Communication
Types of Attenuation
Causes of Attenuation
Impact of Attenuation
Ways to reduce Attenuation
 What is Fibre Optic
Communication?
Optical fiber communication is a communication method
in which light is used as an information carrier and
optical fiber is used as a transmission medium.
An optical fiber can be understood as a dielectric
waveguide, which operates at optical frequencies.
First, an electrical signal is converted into an optical
signal, and then an optical signal is transmitted through
the optical fiber. The light can be carried after being
modulated.
This type of communication can transmit voice, video,
and telemetry through local area networks or across
long distances.
Attenuation in Fibre
Optic Communication
Attenuation is the reduction in power of the light signal as it is
transmitted. Although attenuation is significantly lower for
optical fiber than for other media, it still occurs in both
multimode and single-mode transmission. It is measured in
decibels per kilometer (dB/km).
Over long distances, this attenuation can lead to a significant
reduction in signal strength, making it difficult to resolve the
original signal.
Types of Attenuation
Distance Attenuation:
This type of attenuation occurs as signal strength inherently decreases with increasing distance from the transmitter. The
farther the signal travels, the weaker it becomes.

Frequency Attenuation:
This type of attenuation occurs due to the signal's frequency. Different frequencies travel through the transmission medium
with different degrees of attenuation. Higher frequency signals tend to attenuate more than lower frequency signals.

Signal Reflection:
Reflection occurs when a signal encounters a barrier that reflects it back toward the transmitter. This can result in the
signal being cancelled out, causing signal loss.

Signal Scattering:
Scattering occurs when a signal encounters a medium that scatters the signal in various directions, leading to a reduction in
signal strength.

Signal Absorption:
Absorption occurs when a signal encounters a medium that absorbs the signal's energy, resulting in a decrease in signal
strength.
Causes of
Attenuation
Impact of Attenuation
Signal Degradation :
Signal degradation refers to the loss of quality or strength of a
signal as it travels from the transmitter to the receiver.

Reduced Data Rate :

Reduction of data rate occurs

Increased Bit Error Rate :

It is the number of bit errors per unit time. The bit error ratio is the
number of bit errors divided by the total number of transferred bits
during a studied time interval
Ways to reduce
Attenuation
Improve the transmission medium: If attenuation is
caused by absorption or scattering in the medium,
improving the quality and uniformity of the medium can
help reduce the attenuation.

Increase the signal power: One way to counteract

attenuation is to increase the power of the signal. This Reduce interference: Interference from other sources
can be achieved by using a more powerful transmitter, can also contribute to attenuation. To reduce
amplifiers, or repeaters along the transmission path. interference, shielding, filtering, or frequency hopping
techniques can be used.

Use higher frequency: In some cases, attenuation can

be reduced by using a higher frequency signalthat may Optimize the transmission path: In some cases,
be less susceptible to absorption or scattering by the optimizing the physical path of the signal can help
medium. reduce attenuation.
THANK YOU