3)

Ans 1

When your carbon monoxide alarm sounds, perform the following steps:
1. On the alarm, press the TEST/RESET button.
2. Stop using all appliances, switch them off, and open doors and windows to ventilate the
property

3. Evacuate the property immediately – stay calm and avoid raising your heart rate

4. Call the National Gas Emergency Service on 0800 111 999 to report the incident, or the Health
and Safety Executive (HSE) Gas Safety Advice Line on 0800 300 363
5. 8. Immediately move to fresh air; either outside or near an open door or window.
6. Seek immediate medical help – you may not realise you've been affected by the carbon
monoxide, and going outside into fresh air won't treat any exposure by itself

7. Don't go back into the property – wait for advice from the emergency services

8. Call emergency services; either 9-1-1 or your local fire department.

9. Ensure that everyone in the structure has been accounted for. Do not enter the premises
and move away from an open door or window until emergency services have arrived, the
structure has been aired out, and the fire department has given the "all clear."

Ans 2 An optical smoke alarm (also called photo-electric smoke alarm) works using the light
scatter principle. The alarm contains a pulsed infrared LED which pulses a beam of light into the
sensor chamber every 10 seconds to check for smoke particles. Step 1 - Smoke Enters the
Optical Chamber
When a fire breaks out smoke will enter the optical chamber through the opening vents. Smoke
alarms from quality manufacturers have the chamber protected with insect screens to stop bugs
entering and causing false alarms.

Step 2 - Infrared Light is Scattered

As the smoke enters the optical chamber, its particles cause the infrared light to be scattered onto
the photodiode light receptor.

Step 3 - The Alarm Sounds

Once the scattered light hits the photodiode light receptor, a signal is sent to the integrated circuit
which causes the alarm to sound alerting the occupants to the fire.
Ans 4 Early fire detection (EFD) systems can be a vital component to business facilities
and places of employment. These systems are responsible for protecting lives and
property while reducing the effects of a fire
1) Early Warning

Early fire detection systems can detect the presence of a fire in its early stages.

2) Property Protection

An EFD system can help to protect the building and its contents from damage by detecting a fire early
and alerting the authorities so that they can respond quickly. It is an important safety measure that can
help to protect assets and minimize the impact of a fire on a business or organization

3) Life Safety

An early fire detection system can save lives by alerting building occupants to the presence of a fire and
allowing them to evacuate safely. Early warning alerts can notify a select group of people of a potential
issue in the making

4) Legal and Insurance Requirements

In many cases, building codes and insurance policies require the installation of a fire detection and alarm
system to help protect against the risk of fire. By requiring a fire detection system as a condition of
coverage, insurance companies can reduce the risk of losses due to fire and, in turn, reduce the cost of
insurance premiums for policyholders.

5) Cost Savings

A fire detection system can help to minimize the cost of damages caused by a fire by detecting it early
and alerting the authorities so that they can respond quickly.
Ans 5 HOW DO GAS DETECTORS WORK?
To answer this question effectively, you first need to know which type of gas detector you’re
dealing with. Different gas detectors have other operating systems, which vary depending on
the type of gas or gases they are designed to detect. Gas detectors generally fall into three
main categories, all of which operate in slightly different ways:

Electrochemical: Highly sensitive electrochemical gas detectors measure toxic gases such as
Carbon Monoxide. They work through sensing electrodes in the air, sending an electric current
to sound the alarm.

Catalytic Bead: Using a platinum-treated wire coil, this type of gas detector most commonly
identifies combustible gas in the air as the coil oxidises upon contact with the gas, tripping an
alarm. Catalytic gas detectors are incredibly common, especially for use in domestic settings.

Infrared: Sophisticated infrared technology uses transmitters and receivers to accurately

measure gas levels in the air. Most commonly used for hydrocarbon and combustible gases,
Infrared gas detectors use the light transmission to determine what type of gas is present and at
what level, sounding the alarm when high concentrations are present.

Ans 6

Disadvantages

 Water damage is more than other systems

 Good water supply required – either mains or tank, or both
 Expensive to fit due to the cost of the heads, pumps, tanks, and pipework required
 Larger components, so these are more difficult to conceal on retro fit-outs

Ans 7 Components of an Alarm System

A fire alarm system consists of many components, including:

Fire alarm control panelInitiation devicesPull stationsSmoke detectorsDuct detectorsHeat

detectorsBeam detectorsAir aspirating or air sampling smoke detectorsWater flow switchesTamper
switchesNotification devicesAudible devicesStrobesStrobes/HornsDialers or communicatorsNAC power
supplies

4)

ANs 1 ) Active Fire Fighting System

 These are the fire protection systems that involve a triggered response to any form of fire.
Active fire systems can be triggered by anything like a spark or a flame. Further, the response
can be manual or programmed. In the case of a manual response, a self operated fire
extinguisher may turn into active response. Also, a sprinkler system is a good example of a
programmed response of an active system.

The active fire fighting system involves dealing with a flame, essentially. These systems are
considered to be the most efficient for controlling and extinguishing the spread of fire and
smoke.

Examples of Active Fire Fighting Systems:

Below are some the examples of an active fire extinguishing system:

 Sprinkler systems
 Fire extinguishers
 Smoke alarms
 Fire hose reels
 Firefighters
 Emergency services
 Fire control systems
 Automatic fire doors

Benefits of Active Fire Protection Systems

One of the biggest benefits of a fire protection system is its cost-effectiveness in the long run.
Another advantage of some types of active fire protection systems is the automatic dispatch of
energy services. These systems work to suppress the fire immediately, while also notifying the
authorities to send emergency staff to your location.

The fire fighting systems thus provide great protection against fire damage. This is the reason
why they are considered as the most important investment for businesses