CHAPTER 8

INFORMATION AGE
❖ Overview
This chapter gives an overview of the background and historical development of
information age. It also tackles the issues and concerns arising from the
development of information age.
❖ Objectives
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to
❖link learned concepts to the development of the information age and its impact
on society
❖illustrate how the different issues/concerns in information age have impacted
our lives
MAIN TOPICS
➢ Background & history of information age
➢ Issues and concerns in information age
Chapter Outline
What is information age?
❖ "a time period in which people could
access information and knowledge
easily"
❖ The main feature includes
everything concerning the electronic
storage and transmission of
information.
Are we living in this time period?
YES
Who first conceived the theory of
information age?
James R. Messenger
● in 1982
● considered as the father of
information age
➤ an American Telephone and Telegraph
employee
➤ published a book entitled "The Death of
the American Telephone & Telegraph
Company
TYPICAL NAMES
● Digital Age
● Computer Age
● New Media Age
Benefits of Information Age
❖ For information transfer
➢ With the right online tools we
can have access to any
information/knowledge
needed!
❖ For communication
➢ Using online resources, we
can reach anyone anytime
anywhere in the world!
❖ For entertainment
➢ We can enjoy all sorts of
activities or forms of
entertainment like movies,
music, online games, etc.
anytime anywhere!
❖ For business
➢ We can transact in banks,
shop, sell or do any business
transaction anytime in the
comfort of our homes.
❖ For better living
➢ The digital technology in this
information age is
continuously improving and
empowering many of the
dimensions of our lives.
How did information age start?
● In the course of history, there have
been periods of sharp acceleration
or revolutions in the amount of
information that people had access
to.
● We call them information revolutions
Information Revolutions
❖ First Information Revolution
➢ Print-based Era-marked by
the development of the
printing press invented by
Johannes Gutenberg around
1436
➢ Printing press -accelerated
the rediscovery & sharing of
knowledge
-an invention that forever
changed the world
❖ Second Information Revolution
➢ Pre-digital Era-began in the
mid-nineteenth century
through the introduction of
telegraph, telephone, radio,
and computer
First Telegraph
❖ sent by tapping out the code for each
letter in the form of long (dashes) and short
signals (dots)
❖ converted into electrical impulses and
sent over telegraph wires
❖1845 Samuel Morse
First Radio
❖"Wireless Telegraph"
Guglielmo Marconi is credited
with providing the basis of
radio as we know it today. In
1894, Marconi sent the
world’s first radio signal.
First Telephone
❖1876, Alexander
Graham Bell
❖built upon the
success and
technology of the
telegraph
❖first to enable
transmission of more
than one message along the same wire at
one time
● If you watch English TV you will
notice that Americans generally say
“Cell” while the British generally say
“Mobile”. The rest of the world say
“cellphone”
First Commercial Mobile Phone
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X
● first released in 1983
● sold at 4000 USD
● first phone call made in
April 3, 1973 Martin Cooper, a
senior engineer at Motorola
○ 10 Hours to
charge, 30 mins talk time,
1.1kg, 228.6x127x44.4mm,
30 phone numbers, six hours
standby time.
First Commercial Smart
Phone
Angler
● first smartphone
prototype: Angler
developed by Frank
Canova in 1992 at IBM
refined version marketed
in 1994 by BellSouth
under the name Simon
Personal Communicator

—-----------------------------------------------

Mobile Phone
● A mobiles phone is a portable
telephone that can make and
receive calls over a radio frequency
link while the user is moving within a
telephone service area.
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
● The word ”computer" was first used
in 1613 in the book The Young
Man’s Gleanings by Richard
Braithwaite
 ● and originally described a human
who performed calculations or
computations.
● This definition remained the same
until the end of the 19th century,
when the industrial revolution gave
rise to machines whose primary
purpose was calculating.
WHEN WAS THE FIRST COMPUTER
INVENTED?
● There is no easy answer to this
question due to the many different
classifications of computers.
● Some historians agree that it was in
1822, when Charles Babbage
invented the first mechanical
computer that eventually led to more
complex electronic designs.
● Babbage is considered by some to
be the father of the computer.
FIRST COMPUTERS
Let us explore some of the first
computers of their kind
Z1 (1936)
● first functional computer
● Invented by Konrad Zuse in 1936
Z4 (1942)
● first commercial digital computer
● Invented by Konrad Zuse 1942
● credited to be the inventor of the
modern computer
ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator &
Computer) (1946)
● first fully functional digital computer
● Invented by John Mauchly and J.
Presper Eckert in 1946
● occupied more than 1,000 ft2,
weighed 30 tons, used about 18,000
vacuum tubes
UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer)
(1951)
● first computer with a program stored
in memory
● Invented by John Mauchly and J.
Presper Eckert in 1951
● could perform 1 K calc/sec, weighed
16,000 lbs, used 5,000 vacuum
tubes
Olivetti Programma 101 (1946)
● first desktop computer
● Invented by Pier Giorgio Perotto in
1964
 ● used a small paper tape printer as a
visualization device, No screen or
mouse
● a computer much smaller than those
used at the time, and compact
enough to be “a personal object of
someone sitting on his chair at a
desktop”
Altair 8800 (1975)
● first personal computer
● Invented by Edward Roberts in 1975
● instructions were relayed to it by
punched tape transcripts , No screen
or mouse
● revolutionized the computing world
by allowing common people to have
their own personal computer
Osborne 1 (1981)
● first laptop or portable computer
● Invented by Adam Osborne in 1981
● with 64KB memory, With floppy drive
& keyboard , 5” display
● first widely accepted portable
computer that included a monitor,
disk drives and other components
❖ Third Information Revolution
➢ Digital Era
➔ Started when internet and
world web wide were
introduced
➔ As computers and phones
continued to sophisticate, the
next challenge to man was
the flow of information.
➔ known as the age of the
internet
Internet
● The precursor to the Internet was
first developed by the US
Department of Defense in 1969
known as ARPANET (Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network),
the network that ultimately evolved
into what we now know as the
internet.
World Wide Web
● first launched in August 23, 1991
● started in 1990 when Tim
Berners-Lee (scientist at the
European Organization for Nuclear
Research) developed the
● HyperText Markup Language
(HTML)
How does the internet differ from the
web?
● The internet is a global network of
networks while the Web is a
collection of information which is
accessed via the internet.
● To illustrate, the internet is an
infrastructure while the Web is a
service on top of that infrastructure.
● The internet can also be viewed as a
big bookstore while the Web is the
collection of books in that store.
How extensive is our use of the internet?
 ● Statistics shows that nearly 60 from prolonged computer, tablet, or
percent of the world’s population is cell phone use
already online ● Symptoms include headaches,
● In the 2019 survey of “We Are blurred vision, neck pain, fatigue,
Social” reported that in the eye strain, dry eyes, irritated eyes,
Philippines, the time spent online double vision, dizziness, and
daily increased from 9.48 hours in difficulty refocusing the eyes
2018 to 10.03 hours in 2019. Hearing Problems
● For four straight years (2016- 2019), ● Noise-induced hearing loss is
the Philippines topped the worldwide irreversible. Once you lose your
social media users hearing, it won’t come back!
● Over 43 million people between the
ages of 12-35 live with disabling
hearing loss due to different causes.
Among teenagers and young adults
aged 12-35 years in middle- and
high-income countries:
○ Nearly 50% are exposed to
unsafe levels of sound from
the use of personal audio
devices.
○ Around 40% are exposed to
potentially damaging sound
levels at clubs, discotheques
What are some of the issues that we face and bars
in this digital era? How to make listening safe
● Health concerns ● Keep the volume down Limit time
● Data Privacy spent engaged in noisy activities
● Social Media ● The daily recommended safe
● Cyber crime volume level is below 85 dB for
● Fake News duration of a maximum of eight
Health Concerns hours
● Accidents ● Limiting the daily use of personal
● Depression audio devices. While it is important
● Physical Problem to keep the volume down, limiting
○ Eye Problems the use of personal audio devices to
○ Hearing Problems less than one hour a day would do
○ Brain Cancer much to reduce noise exposure
Eye Problems Radiation from Cellphone
● “Computer Vision Syndrome”, also ● As stated by the National Cancer
referred to as Digital Eye Strain, Institute, "there is currently no
describes a group of eye and consistent evidence that nonionizing
vision-related problems that result radiation increases cancer risk in
humans. The only consistently
 recognized biological effect of
radiofrequency radiation in humans
is heating."
● Cell phones emit low levels of
non-ionizing radiation while in use.
Brain Cancer
● Inskip et al. (2010)
○ examined temporal trends in
brain cancer incidence rates
using data collected by the
surveillance, epidemiology,
and end results program
○ found out that the incidence
data do not provide support
to the view that cellular
phone use causes brain
cancer
● Hardell et al. (2010)
○ investigated the use of
mobile or cordless phones
and the risk for malignant
brain tumors in a group of
deceased cases
○ confirmed the results of an
association between mobile
phone use and malignant
brain tumors
Depression
● Studies show that increase in
social-media use and television
viewing are linked to symptoms of
depression among teens
● Boers et al. (2019) analyzed survey
data of more than 3,800 Canadian
teens to identify how young people
use of digital media may affect their
mental well-being. The researchers
found when participants increased
their social-media use or their
television consumption in a given
year, they also had higher levels of
depressive symptoms.
● Lin et al. (2016) found a positive
association between social media
use and depression. It indicates that
frequent use of social media may be
associated with declines in
subjective well-being, life
satisfaction, and real- life
community.
● Elison et al. (2007) reported that
social media users may experience
decreased depression, due to
perceived social support, and life
satisfaction.
● The US National Center for
Biotechnology Information links
heavy social media use to
depression (Dollarhide, 2019).
Accidents
● In the United States
○ about 1,600,000 deaths in
road crashes are caused by
people using mobile phones
while driving
○ texting while driving is 6x
more likely to cause an
accident than driving drunk
● In the Philippines
○ mobile phone use is the
ranked as the 12th most
common cause of traffic
crashes
○ from 2001 to 2006 alone,
road crashes caused by the
use of mobile phones
increased five times or 500
percent, the highest rate of
increase among traffic
accident causes
Distracted Driving Statistics

AntiDistracted Driving Act of 2016

● Republic Act No. 10913
● President Rodrigo Duterte signed
into law in 2016
● To minimize accidents caused by
distracted driving, the Philippines
enacted
What are some of the issues that we face
in this digital era?
Social Media
● collective term for websites and
applications which focus on
communication and sharing of
information, ideas, personal
messages, etc.
● first introduced in 1997 with the
launching of
● Six Degrees, a smaller version of
Facebook, allowed users to create a
profile and connect with friends
● AOL Instant Messenger allowed
users to talk in real time
● Since then a host of different
platforms have become available for
news sources, chat rooms, spurring
creativity, sharing personal
information, dating, etc.
● In 2012, Facebook became the 1st
social media platform to surpass 1
billion users. As of April 2020, it is
the most popular social media
platform worldwide with 2.5 billion
monthly active users.
Cybercrime
Categories of Social Media
● Social Networking Site
online platform for building
social networks or social
relationships with other
people who share similar
personal or career interests,
activities, backgrounds or
real-life connections
● Image Sharing & Messaging Site
online platform for publishing
or transferring digital photos
online; includes uploading,
hosting, managing and
sharing of photos (publicly or
privately)
● Video Sharing Site
online platform for uploading,
sharing videos or live
streaming their own videos to
the internet; can be for the
general public to watch, or
particular users on a shared
network
● Social Blogging Site
an online publishing platform
that blend features of both
traditional blogging and
social networking
● Social Community & Discussion Site
online discussion forum that
provides platform for different
online communities where
users can anonymously
share content and discuss
various subjects
● Crime that use computer to advance
other illegal activities
○ cyberstalking
○ identity theft
○ spamming
○ hacking
○ phishing
● Crime that target computer networks
or devices
○ viruses attack
○ Malware attack
○ denial-of-service (DoS)
attacks
 ● Social Engineering
○ manipulation of people into
divulging confidential or
sensitive information
○ most done over email but
regularly carried out over the
phone
Spamming
● unsolicited bulk messages sent to
multiple recipients who did not ask
for them
● Distribute advertisement:
Commercial spam religious spam
political spam
● Distribute malware or virus
● Phishing
● Hacking
Phishing and Hacking
● Physhing is masquerading as a
trustworthy source in an attempt to
bait a user to surrender sensitive
information such as a username,
password, credit card number, etc.
● Vishing/smishing is phishing done
via voice calls or text messaging to
trick users in giving personal
information.
● Hacking is using exploits to gain
access to something you do not
normally have access to
● A phish, which is ultimately a hack,
occurs when a user is baited with an
email, phone call, or, perhaps, a text
message and tricked into
“voluntarily” responding with
information.
Cybercrime Prevention Act of the
Philippines
● Republic Act No. 10175
● President Benigno Aquino signed
into law in 2012
● RA 10175 intends to penalize acts
like cybersex, child pornography,
identity theft and unsolicited
electronic communication in the
country
Data Privacy
● also known as information privacy
● Data privacy is the the necessity to
preserve and protect any personal
information, collected by any
organization, from being accessed
by a third party.
● Any personal data that could be
sensitive or can be used maliciously
by someone is included when
considering data privacy .
Data Privacy Act of 2012
● Republic Act No. 10173
● President Benigno Aquino signed
into law in 2012
● RA 10173 intends to protect the
personal information of its citizens
from being disclosed without its
consent.
● The National Privacy Commission
(NPC) is an independent body
created under the RA which is
mandated to administer & implement
its provisions and monitor/ensure
compliance of the country with
international standards set for data
protection
Scope of Data Privacy Act of the
Philippines
● All personal information must be
○ collected for reasons that
are specified, legitimate, and
reasonable
○ kept accurate and relevant,
used only for the stated
purposes
○ discarded in a way that does
not make it visible and
accessible to unauthorized
third parties
 ● The National Privacy Commission
has defined data privacy as the right
of an individual not to disclose his
information and to live free from
surveillance.
Data Privacy Breaches
● From mid-March to late May 2020,
the National Privacy Commission
(NPC) had been investigating 22
complaints of privacy breaches
involving COVID-19 patients
● Some of the data breaches were
allegedly committed by health
workers. In one instance, a hospital
staff took a photo of the death
certificate of a suspected COVID-19
patient and posted it in their
department group chat. One of the
members sent that photo to her own
family group chat, from which her
father forwarded it to another group
chat. The photo of the death
certificate ended up in several group
chats.
Fake News
● junk news pseudo-news
● Stories written with the intent to
mislead in order to damage an entity
or person or gain financially or
politically, often using sensationalist,
dishonest or fabricated headlines to
increase readership
Types of Fake News
● MIS-information False information
disseminated without harmful intent
● DIS-information Created and shared
by people with harmful intent
● MAL-information Sharing of
‘genuine’ information with the intent
to cause harm
Effects of Fake News
● (1) The illusory effect: the fact that if
a lie is repeated enough times, you’ll
begin to believe it’s true. This may
lead to unexpected consequences.
● (2) The impact on the public
relations profession. It would be
unfair to those journalists who hold
to a higher standard of reporting
while others can publish completely
false information.
● (3) The impact on consumers’ views
of news media. With so much false
information, consumers will become
skeptical which will erode the trust
they should have in the mass media.
Identifying Fake News
● CRAP test (Kunkel, 2018)
○ Currency
○ Relevance/Reliability
○ Authority
○ Purpose/Point of view
● Examine the following questions:
○ When was the article written?
○ What about the sources they
are using?
○ Are they using appropriate
sources & data?
○ Are there quotations with
references?
○ Who wrote it?
○ Are they credible?
○ Are they a real person?
○ Why is it being written?
○ Is it fact or opinion?
Fake News during the Pandemic
● Infodemic
○ One suspect, a public school
teacher wrote on Facebook
on March 27 that food
supplies in General Santos
City were running low. He
allegedly urged the public to
seize food that was being
stored in a gym. Another
suspect posted a list of
people he said had
 contracted COVID-19 on
Facebook to help in contact
tracing.
● President Duterte on March 24
signed a bill granting him emergency
powers to combat the Covid-19
crisis, which included a section that
imposed jail time and a fine of up 1
million pesos for spreading false
information about the disease on
social media or other platforms.
Sample Fake News
response to the use of technology,
he may be a technophobic.
● Technology strategists have
compared information overload to
physical obesity, as “infobesity”. Just
as our eyes are sometimes larger
than our stomachs, our interest can
be significantly greater than our
brain capacity.

●
Other Issues and Concerns
● Digital divide is a term that refers to
the gap between demographics and
regions that have access to modern
information and communications
technology, and those that don't or
have restricted access
● Technophobia which merely means
“a fear of technology,” including the
use of computers and similar
electronic devices, is one of the
most common anxieties produced by
the information age.
● Information overload (cognitive
overload) is a situation in which too
much information is given at one
time which can cause the inability to
think clearly
● If a person shows dread or panic
and uncontrolled reaction in