Professional Documents
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National by Choice
Global In Performance
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Conto<111r1tlon of lndlen Industry
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• ~ th¥'I J.650 green building projects are
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(j • ~ PfOjects are registered under the 'IGBC
._.... Progrwnmes' such as IGBC Green New b - Register for IGBC AP exam
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9d&+;.16BCGreen Existing Buildings, IGBC
~Homes, IGBCGreen Schools, IGBC Green
~Bulclng. IGBC Green Townships, IGBC C - Appear for on line exam at Test Centers
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IGBC Green landscapes, IGBC
&.... MRTS. IGBC Green Residential Society, d - Become an IGBC"AP
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CONTENTS
4 Water Conservation 48
5 Energy Efficiency 71
11 IGBC AP 198
12 Exercises 207
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Introduction
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Indian Green Building Council
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•!• IGBC formed by CII in 2001
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•!• Vision of IGBC •
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environment for all' ()
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);;> India to be one of the global Indian Green Building Council
Greening India linct> 200 I )
leaders in sustainable built
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environment by 2025
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Green Building Movement in India
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What is Green? (')
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Use of Renewable Energy Water efficiency )
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Sustainable Development u
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IGP Office Complex, Gulburga
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Indian Green Building Council
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Gree11in9 l11dia ~m ce 2001
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Growth of Green Buildings over the years
45oor-~~--:::-:--~~l"'"~~~-;::::========::;-~~~~~~~-::::-:--zlTil'l
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Sustainable
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Green Building
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Tangible Benefits ()
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Benefits Experienced in Green Buildings
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•!• First 3 Platinum buildings monitored to validate tangible benefits
•!• Benefits far exceeding the initial estimates )
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Cost of Green Buildings Indian Experiences (')
Building Year
awarded
Built-in Area
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Rating
Achieved
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in cost
Payback
(Yrs) n
Cil·Godrej GBC,
Hyderabad
2003 20,000 Platinum 18 % 7 years
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ITC Green Centre, 2004 1,70,000 Platinum 15 % 6 years
Gurgaon
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Wipro,
Gurgaon
2005 1,75,000 Platinum 8% 5 years n
Technopolis, Kolkata 2006 72,000 Gold 6% 3 years 0
Spectral Services 2007 15,000 Platinum 8% 4 years
Consultants Office, Noida
Kalpataru Square 2008 3,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
Suzlon One Earth, Pune 2010 8,00,000 Platinum 2% 2 years
•!•Integrated design )
? Team effort
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•!• Holistic approach
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>- Not only Energy 8t Water
•!• Bettering the standards J
Y NBC, ECBC / ASHRAE, IPMVP, SMACNA
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•!• A/C & Indoor air comfort
);> 600 sq.ft /TR in IT Parks )
Infosys, Hyderabad
? Chiller CoP higher than initial design J
> 6.1 (ITC, etc.,}
? Solar air-conditioning
Turbo Energy, Chennai
? Passive cooling u
Aquamall, Dehradun
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IGBC Green New Buildings
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Points for Individual Modules
Modules Possible Points
Complying with Prerequisites is mandatory for all IGBC Green New Buildings
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IGBC Certification Process
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IGBC Accredited Professional Exam
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•!•Green Buildings
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);;>. Excellent opportunity to
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day one
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Sustainable
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Sustainable Architecture and Design
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Credit Title Point(s) )
Credit 1 Integrated Design Approach 1
Credit 2 Site Preservation 1-2 >
Credit 3 Passive Architecture 1-2
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SA Credit 1
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Integrated Design Approach
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Integrated Design Approach ()
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SA Credit 2: Site Preservation )
•!• Intent )
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Site Preservation
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•!• Intent 0
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Passive Architecture ")
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0 Achieve 2°/o energy savings of total annual
energy consumption by adopting passive v
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Passive Architecture
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maximum U-factor and
maximum SHGC requirements
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SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING ')
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Mandatory
Local Building Regulations Required
Requirement 1 )
Mandatory
Soil Erosion Control Required
Requirement 2
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Credit 1 Basic Amenities 1
Credit 2 Proximity to Public Transport 1 )
Credit 3 Low-emitting Vehicles 1
Credit4 Natural Topography or Vegetation 1-2 )
Credit 5 Preservation or Transplantation of Trees 1
Credit6 Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof 1-2 ()
Credit 7 Heat Island Reduction, Roof 1-2
Credit 8 Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction 1 u
Credit 9 Universal Design
Credit 10 Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce 1
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Credit 11 Green Building Guidelines
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Local Building Regulations
•!•Intent
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statutory & regulatory codes
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Basic Amenities
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•!•Intent
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Proximity to Public Transport
•!• Compliance Options
} Option 1: Public Transport
CJ Locate the building within
800 meters walking distance from
Intra-city railway station, Bus-stop
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CJ From/ to the nearest Intra-city railwa )
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SSP Credit 3
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Low-emitting Vehicles
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Percentage of Site Area with Vegetation
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Site Area Number of Tree Saplings
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Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof
•!• Intent
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impact on micro-climate
Sketch of an Urban Heat-Is land Profile
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Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof
•!• Compliance Options
);>- Option 1: Non-roof Impervious Areas
0 Cover at least 50°/o of exposed non-roof impervious
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Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof
•!• Compliance Options
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Heat Island Reduction, Roof
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Minimum Maximum
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SRI Value SRI Value
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Steep-sloped
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ISRO's IMGEOS & NOEM Faclllty,
Nation al Remote Sensing Ce ntre (NRSC) , Sh adnagar
Eicher Good earth, Corporate office, Gurgaon
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Points Distribution
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Option 2: Vegetation
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Option 3: Combination of High Reflective
Materials and Vegetation
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•!• Compliance Options:
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Approach
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Universal Design
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Compliance Options
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Preferred car park spaces Easy access to the main entrance of the building
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Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce ()
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Adequate housing Sanitary facilities
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Fi rst-aid and emergency facilities Adequate dr inking water facilities
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Day care/ creche facility for workers' children
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Green Building Guidelines
•:• Intent
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Site Selection and Planning
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Mandatory
Requirement 1
Local Building Regulations Required n
Mandatory
Requirement 2
Soil Erosion Control Required
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Credit 1 Basic Amenities 1
Credit 2 Proximity to Public Transport 1
Credit 3 Low-emitting Vehicles 1
Credit4 Natural Topography or Vegetation 1-2
Credit 5 Preseivation or Transplantation of Trees 1
Credit 6 Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof 1-2
Credit 7 Heat Island Reduction, Roof 1- 2 )
Credit 8 Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction 1
Credit 9 Universal Design 1 )
Credit 10 Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce 1
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Credit 11 Green Bui lding Guidelines 1
Total 14
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Water Conservation
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The World's Water
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70% of Earth's surface is covered with water
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c Salt Water
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World's Freshwater
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Groundwater
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Surfacewater
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Water Consumption Pattern in a
Typical Air-conditioned Building
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WC Mandatory Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures Required
Requirement 2
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WC Credit 1 Landscape Design 2
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WC Credit 2 Management of Irrigation Systems 1
Rainwater Haivesting, .j
WC Credit 3 4
Roof & Non- roof
WC Credit4 Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures 5 v
WC Credit 5 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 5 u
WC Credit 6 Water Metering 1
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Total 18
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WC Mandatory Requirement 1
Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
(
•:• Intent
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WC Mandatory Requirement 2
Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures n
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•!• Intent n
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Flow fixtures
Flush fixture
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WC Mandatory Requirement 2 )
--!.....-
and Reuse'
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Showerhead I
( 10 LPM 8 Minutes 0. 1
Handheld Spray*
• Reporting pressure for these fixtures shall be at 3 bar.
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in the building
(. ~ Part-time or overtime occupants have
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( Waterless Urinal
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BlueSeal® - - - - -
Urine - - - - - -
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To Drain - - - - - - -
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Waterless Urinal
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Key Valve
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WC Credit 1
Landscape Design n
•!• Intent n
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water consumption
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WC Credit 1
Landscape Design )
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•!• Compliance Options:
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~ Limit use of turf to conserve water
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D Drought tolerant
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D Adaptive species
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Drought
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Points Distribution
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( Type of Landscape Percentage Points
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Vegetation on Roof (')
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Management of Irrigation Systems )
•!• Intent )
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( WC Credit 3
Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
•!• Intent
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( municipal water demand
D Thro ug h effective rainwat er managem ent
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from roof and non-roof areas
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n
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WC Credit 3 n
Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof ()
()
Average Peak One-day Rainfall
SNo Month Rainfall (%of Average Peak Month Rainfall) (':')
(mm)
2 points 3 points 4 points fl
1 Upto 250 12% 15% 18%
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2 251 - 350 10% 12.5% 15%
3 351-500 8% 10% 12% )
4 501-700 6% 7.5% 9%
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5 701 & above 4°/o 5°/o 6°/o
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Higher the rainfall - Lower the harvesting volume
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Lower the rainfall - Higher the harvesting volume
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---
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WC Credit 3 )
Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof )
•!• Compliance Options
~ Case B High Ground Water Table: Design rainwater •)
harvesting system to capture at least 'One-day rainfall'
runoff volume from roof and non-roof areas )
Average One-day Rainfall )
s Peak Month
(% of Average Peak Month Rainfall)
No Rainfall )
(mm) 2 points 3 points 4polnts Exemplary
& L
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WC Credit 4
Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures
( •!• Intent
~ Enhance efficiency of plumbing fixtures
thereby minimising potable water use
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Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures
•!• Compliance Option:
~ Use water efficient plumbing fixtures
(_
with flow rates less than 8°/o of the
()
(
baseline criteria
Notes:
• Treated waste water/ captured rain water should NOT be
considered for calculations
• Use of treated waste water is addressed in 'Waste Water
Treatment and Reuse'
~ Confcderalion of India n Industry
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Baseline Flow Rates / Consumption ("')
Fixture Type Maximum Flow Duration Estimated ()
Rate/ Daily Uses
Consumption per FTE
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Water Closets 1 for male;
6 LPF 1 flush
(Full-flush) 1 for female ri
Water Closets
(Half-flush)
3 LPF 1 flush 2 for female
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Urinals 4 LPF 1 flush 2 for male
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Points Distribution )
WC Credit 5
Waste Water Treatment and Reuse
•!• Intent
( );;>- Treat waste water generated on-site
O To avoid polluting the receiving streams
by safe disposal
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Percentage of Total Water
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Application catered through Treated
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and Air-conditioning make-up
;:: 75% )
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WC Credit 6 )
Water Metering )
•!• Intent )
)
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performance of the building, and save
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potable water . . . .
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Water Metering
( '
~ Tenant-level Metering
(
" Confederation of Indian Industry
---
~
Building-level Metering
{Install atleast three water meters)
(
•!• Municipal water supply
(
•!• Bore water consumption
(_
•!• Treated waste water consumption
L •:• Water consumption for landscaping
( •!• Water consumption for flushing
c •!• Water consumption for air-conditioning
cooling tower makeup
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•!• Any other major source of water consumption
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Tenant-level Metering ()
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•!• Municipal water supply/ Water consumption
through bore-well (Potable water)
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Water Meters
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Water Conservation )
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WC Credit 1 Landscape Design 2
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WC Credit 2 Management of Irrigation Systems 1
Rainwater Harvesting, J
WC Credit 3 4
Roof & Non-roof
WC Credit 4 Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures 5 u
WC Credit 5 Wastewater Treatment and Reuse 5 u
WC Credit 6 Water Metering 1
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57°/o
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Cooling Load Components ()
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• WALL CONDUCTION )
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D ROOF CONDUCTION )
"' Confederation of Indian Industry
---
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Who is responsible for energy efficiency
in a building ?
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•!• Landscape architect ?
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•!• Owner?
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•:• Facilities group ?
•!• MEP consultant ?
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1) Orientation
2) Envelope measures
);:> Wall, Glazing, Fenestration, Shading,
Skylighting, Roof
3) Equipment & systems
c. );:> Air conditioning, Lighting, Pumps, Motors, VFD
( )
4) Controls
);:> BMS, Temperature, Humidity
5) Commissioning
);:> Additional commissioning, M & V
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t:> Confederation of Indian Ind ustry
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1) Orientation
N
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overhangs
Fence
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•!• What is the ideal orientation ?
•!• East-West?
•!• North-South ?
•!• Does not matter ?
•!• Buffer South and West Exposures with garages,
( . utility rooms etc.
Saving potential : 2-3 °10 for 90° rotation
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Heat Transfer )
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•!• The three modes of heat transfer
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---
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Shading coefficient n
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•!• Shading coefficient
Heat gain thru' a given glazing (SHGC) ()
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Heat gain thru' 3 mm clear glass (0.87)
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Significance of Glazing Properties )
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•!• Which one is more important ?
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•!• Shading coefficient ?
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Wall options ()
•!• Brick wall with insulation n
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polystyrene (thermocol), Glass wool
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•!• Brick wall with air cavity '
•!• Hollow blocks
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•!• Flyash bricks
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•!• Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks
\ )
Savings Potential : 3-8 °/o
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•!• Thermocol
~ U-Value : 0.47 W / m 2 deg K
•!•Polyurethane
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•!• Under-deck ?
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4
•!• Insulation s-__.._,.,.
sandwiched 6
Wall Insulation
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•!• Internal if brick
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•!• Saving potential
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1: Cement plaster I Gypsum wall board
2: Insulation
3: Brick or concrete wall
4: Interior gypsum or plaster
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Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks ()
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Envelope measures :
Typical saving potential )
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•!• Orientation :0.5-1 O/o
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» COP: Higher than ASHRAE 90.1-2010
,,-.., •!• VFD for supply &. return fans and
pumps
•!• Heat recovery wheels, Economisers
•!• Controls &. Building Management
Systems
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Initial
Inv. 100/o
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Operating Cost 890/o
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Conventional System
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Wind Tower
Design Stage System )
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Geothermal
Cooling )
Earth Tunnel Cooling
)
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Conventional Vapour Compression Cycle
)
f T2 Discharge high
)
High Condenser
pressure )
liquid
Throttle
valve Compressor
Suction low
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pressure gas )
Low pressure
liquid and Evaporator
flash gas ..__......,.,......,.,...,.____. Ti
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CHW in or CHW out .)
air in or air out
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Chiller Performance
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ASHRAE 90.1-2010 Efficiencv Reauirements
£q•lp•n l
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Pat~A ,. ...
.r.JI 1-d JPLV N I Load I.PLY
Air-Cooled < ISOICIOI EER :.9.S62 i!:l2.7SO NA' NA•
Cbillns i!:ISO tOnJ EER i!:9.S62 i!:12.7SO NA' NA'
Ail-Cooled
wilbotA AiNiooled clllllm wltboul """6eDlcn mUIC be .....S whh maidiing
CooclcolCf, All Clpocl~CI EER coodcmcn Ind comply whh the air-cooled dilller 1.f!icl<fl<)'
Electricolly reqiliremonts.
Optrated
W1t....Cooled,
L Electrically
All Clpocl!lu kW/loo
Reciprocatina 1111its must ooniply with wateMlooled positive
Operotccl, displacement 11flclt11cy requircmcuts
Rcclp<OCOtinJ
<7S IODS kW/loo S0.710 S0.630 SO.IOO S0.600
W11er-Coolecl, i!:7'1omand
EkctricaUy kW/I.., S0.77S S0.61S $0.790 SO.S&6
<ISOton1
Openttd,
Positive l!I SO toosMld
kW/loo S0.6&0 S0.510 S0.718 SO.S40
Dbpl_,,,..,t <300ION
)!)()() tOnJ kW/loo S0.620 SO.S40 s0.639 S0.490
Path A: Buildings with consistent occupancy. Eg: Office buildings, e tc.,; Applicable for all lypes of Chillers;
Path B : Buildings with variable occupancy. Eg: Hotels, Mall s, etc; Applicable for Screw Chiller & Cent rifugal ChillerwithYFD;
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Elec:triailly
2.1.50 tons1nd
<300 toos
kWhon ,C0.634 so.,96 ;;().639 S0.4,0 n
Opcntod, 2300 tommd
Cealrifllill <600 foOI
LW/Wo so.,16 so.~9 S0.600 :S:0.400
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Throttle
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•:• Disadvantage
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availability
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Refrigerant flow
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Refrigerant flow
while heat.l!!1!
-
while cooling
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Saving Potential : 30 - 50 % )
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Earth Tunnel Air Conditioning
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).;;> Temperature )
D Summer - 21-23°C )
D Winter - 20 - 22°C
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Nature
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Lighting
) •!• ASH RAE requirement
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4) Controls and BMS
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BMS - An effective tool
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Capability of BMS
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•!• Measurement & Verification
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Energy Efficiency
Credit Title .. )
Mandatory
Ozone Depleting Substances Required
.)
Requirement 1
Mandatory )
Requirement 2
Minimum Energy Efficiency Required
Mandatory Commissioning Plan for Building )
Requirement 3 Required
Equipment & Systems
Credit 1 Eco-friendly Refrigerants 1 )
Credit 2 Enhanced Energy Efficiency 15
)
Credit 3 On-site Renewable Energy 6
Credit4 Off-site Renewable Energy 2 u
Commissioning, Post-installation of
Credit 5
Equipment & Systems
2
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Credit6 Energy Metering and Management 2
Total 28 u
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Ozone Depleting Substances
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refrigerants and halons free refrigerants
D To minimise negative impact on the
ozone layer
EE Mandatory Requirement 1
Ozone Depleting Substances
(
•!• Compliance Options
);> Refrigerants
D CFC (Chloro Fluoro
Carbon) - free
(And)
Suppression Systems
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Eco-friendly Refrigerants ()
•!• Compliance Options 0
>-- Refrigerants used in HVAC equipment 0
D Low or no Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) 0
and Global Warming Potential (GWP) )
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I LCGWP + LCODP x 10 5
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EE Mandatory Require ment 2
Minimum Energy Efficiency )
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•!•Intent )
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EE Mandatory Requirement 2
Minimum Energy Efficiency
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•!• Compliance Options
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D Option 1 - Whole Building Simulation
,....
D Option 2 - Prescriptive Approach
(Or)
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Option 1 - Whole Building Simulation ()
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Whole Building Simulation
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•!• Submission )
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Credit 2
Percentage of Energy Cost Savings
( over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 Base case
Points
r Owner-occupied Tenant-occupied
Major
Renovation
Buildings Buildings
Buildings
60/o 40/o 4°/o 1
8% 6% 6°/o 2
10% 8% 8% 3
12°/o 10% 10% 4
14% 12% 12% 5
16% 14°/o 14% 6
18% 16% 16% 7
20% 18% 18% 8
22% 20% 20% 9
24% 22% 22% 10
~ Confederation of Indian lndust1y
Credit 2
Percentage of Energy Cost Savings
over ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 Base case
Points
( Major
Owner-occupied Tenant-occupied
Renovation
Buildings Buildings
Buildings
26% 240/o 24% 11
28% 26% 26% 12
30% 28% 28% 13
(
32% 30% 30% 14
34% 32% 32% 15
(
(
Option 2 - Prescriptive Approach
•!• Meet the applicable criteria as
established in prescriptive measures
~ ECBC
(or)
~ ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010 .>
)
)
)
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Case 2 - Non-air conditioned Buildings )
(Applicable only for Owner-occupied buildings) )
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1) Building Envelope(Baselines as per
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G 2) Lighting
( 3) Air-conditioning Systems
4) Heating Systems
5) Fans
6) Pumps & Motors
ICit I
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(')
Commissioning Plan
()
for Building Equipment & Systems
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Commissioning Plan
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•!•Compliance Options
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~ Agreement with third party
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commissioning authority
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D Who is not involved in the design
D At least 3 years prior experience in u
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~ Document owners brief u
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Commissioning Plan
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( ) HVAC systems & accessories
(
) Pumps & Motors
) Lighting systems
) Renewable energy systems
) C0 2 monitoring system
) Energy & Water metering
~ Building management system
) Sewage treatment plant
(
) Diesel generator sets
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Commissioning Plan
•!• Report specific observations & variations
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) Identified by the Commissioning Authority
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" C'onfcdcmlion of Indian lnduslry
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On-site Renewable Energy ()
•!•Intent n
~ Encourage the use of on-site
.)
renewable technologies
)
D To minimise the environmental impacts
)
associated with the use of fossil fuel energy
)
.)
)
•·• Confederation of Indian Industry
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.)
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EE Credit 3
)
On-site Renewable Energy
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•!•Compliance Options
)
~ Owner-occupied Buildings
)
D 1°/o of t otal annual energy consumption of
the building )
~ Tenant-occupied Buildings u
o 2°/o of total annual lighting energy u
consumption of the building
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It:'! I nterior & exterior areas, including tenant-
occupied spaces 0
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On-site Renewable Energy
Use of On-site Renewable Energy * Points
r:
(Percentage)
a <! 1°/o 2
a 3
a <! 3°/o 4
<! 40/o 5
<! 5% 6
EE Credit 3
On-site Renewable Energy
Use of On-site Renewable Energy * Points
(Percentage)
2: 2°/o 2
2: 30/o 3
2: 4°/o 4
2: 5°/o 5
2: 6% 6
2: 7°/o 7
2: 8% 8
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EE Credit 4 f)
Off-site Renewable Energy
•!•Intent 0
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Option 1:
Off-site Renewable Energy Investments
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Off-site Renewable Energy Investments
{
(
Percentage of Off-site
Points
Renewable Energy *
~ 50 O/o 1
(
100% 2
(
0 Confederation of Indian Industry
---
Option 2:
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
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{
()
()
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n
('')
0
Option 2: (}
Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)
0
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Percentage of Renewable Energy
Points ()
Certificates {RECs) Purchased
()
~ 25% 1
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~ 50 O/o 2
)
~:i Co nfederation of Indian lndust1y
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Renewable Energy Certificates
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•!•Intent
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•!•Compliance Options
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Energy Efficiency
Credit Title 'I
Mandatory
Ozone Depleting Substances Required
Requirement 1
(
Mandatory
Minimum Energy Efficiency Required
Requirement 2
r- Mandatory Commissioning Plan for Building
Required
Requirement 3 Equipment & Systems
Credit 1 Eco-friendly Refrigerants 1
( Credit 2 Enhanced Energy Efficiency 15
Credit 3 On-site Renewable Energy 6
Credit 4 Off-site Renewable Energy 2
Commissioning, Post-installation of
Credit 5 2
Equipment & Systems
Credit 6 Energy Metering and Management 2
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BMR Credit 4
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Use of Certified Green Building Material, ()
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Daylighting
•!• Compliance Options
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~ The project can choose any one of the
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D Option 2 - Measurement Approach
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Mandatory Minimum Fresh Air Ventilation Required
Requirement 1
Mandatory Tobacco Smoke Control Required
Requirement 2
Credit 1 C02 Monitoring 1
Credit 2 Daylighting 1-2
Credit 3 Outdoor Views 1
Credit 4 Minimise Indoor and Outdoor Pollutants 1
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Credit 5 Low-emitting Materials 1-3
Credit 6 Occupant Well-being Facilities 1 ')
Credit 7 Air Quality Testing, After Construction 2
and Before Occupancy J
Indoor Air Quality Management,
Credit 8 1
During Construction
Total 12
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ID Credit 1
Innovation in Design Process
( •!•Intent
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opportunity to innovate par excellence
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Innovation in Design Process
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Optimisation in Structural Design
Intent
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Optimisation in Structural Design n
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•!• Compliance Options
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ID Credit 4
IGBC Accredited Professional
•:• Intent
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IGBC Accredited Professional in green
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D To integrate appropriate design measures
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ID Credit 4
IGBC Accredited Professional
•!• Compliance Option
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2. Water Efficiency
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