Lactate Biosenser

Analyte - lactate
Enzyme - lactate oxidase

WORKFLOW
Workflow for a Lactate Biosensor :-

1. Sensing Element: Lactate Oxidase (LOD)

Function: LOD specifically reacts with lactate in the sample, converting it to pyruvate
and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) according to the following reaction:

Lactate + O₂ -> Pyruvate + H₂O₂

Preparation:

Immobilize LOD on a suitable biocompatible carrier (e.g.,It electrode surface) to

create a stable and reusable sensing element.

2. Transducer: Electrochemical (Amperometric-detection of ions in a solution based

on electric current or changes in electric current.)

Function: Converts the biochemical signal (H₂O₂ production) into an electrical signal
measurable by the instrument.

Mechanism:

Two electrodes are used:

Working electrode (WE): Made of a material that readily accepts electrons from H₂O₂
(e.g., platinum, gold).
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Counter electrode (CE): Completes the electrical circuit by providing electrons to the
WE.

As H₂O₂ is produced from the enzymatic reaction, it reacts at the WE, causing a
current flow proportional to the H₂O₂ concentration (and hence, lactate
concentration).

3. Amplifier:

Function: Amplifies the weak electrical signal from the transducer for accurate
measurement.

Mechanism: The amplifier increases the current from the WE, making it easier to
detect and measure by the display.

4. Display:

Function: Shows the measured lactate concentration in a user-friendly format (e.g.,

mg/dL).

Mechanism: The amplified electrical signal is processed by the display unit and
converted to a numerical value representing the lactate concentration based on a
pre-established calibration curve.

Essential Reactions:

Enzymatic reaction: Lactate + O₂ -> Pyruvate + H₂O₂ (by Lactate Oxidase)

Electrochemical reaction at WE: H₂O₂ -> O₂ + 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ (electrons accepted by the
electrode).
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Lactate Enzyme