Chp.

Statistics:
Interval Estimation

Professor: Lee Yung Hsin 李永新

138332@mail.tku.edu.tw

TA: jenniferlimerthaa@gmail.com
MS Teams : 409595526@o365.tku.edu.tw
Interval Estimate : tells you how close the point estimate is to the value of the parameter

*a parameter is a number that describes a whole population,

while a statistic is a number that describes a sample

Interval Estimate =
 Interval Estimate of a Population Mean ( μ ) : σ (SD) Known

Later it will be written as this:

Values for Zɑ/2

**From the formula you can see that we can reduce

the margin of error by:
● Population SD ↓
● Sample size n ↑
● Confidence level ↓
Estimation Process, “Confidence Level”
Understanding these values: How do we get the values for
Zɑ/2 from this table?

1. Check the confidence level used in the question

(“At 95% confidence…”)
95% = confidence level, 0.95 = confidence coefficient

2. If confidence level = 95%,

that means ɑ = 100% - 95% = 5%, which is 0.05
So ɑ/2 = 0.025

3. So we have to see which z value in the table will give

the result of ( 1 - ɑ/2 ) -> For 95% confidence, we have
to find z value for ( 1 - 0.025 = 0.9750 )

4. From the table we can see that Zɑ/2 = 1.96

How do we get the values for Zɑ/2 from
this table?

1. Check the confidence level used in

the question (“At 95% confidence…”)
95% = confidence level,
0.95 = confidence coefficient

2. If confidence level = 95%,

that means ɑ = 100% - 95% = 5%,
which is 0.05
-> So ɑ/2 = 0.025

3. So we have to see which z value

in the table will give the result of
( 1 - ɑ/2 ) -> For 95% confidence,
we have to find z value for
( 1 - 0.025 = 0.9750 )

4. From the table we can see that

Zɑ/2 = 1.96
Example - Interval Estimate of a Population Mean: σ (SD) Known

Q: A sample of 11 circuits from a normal population has a mean resistance of 2.20 ohms.
We know from past testing that the population standard deviation is 0.35 ohms.
Determine a 95% confidence interval for the true mean resistance of the population

A:

We are 95% confident that the true mean

resistance is between 1.9932 and 2.4068 ohms
How do we get the values for t (ɑ/2)
from this t distribution table ?

1. Check the confidence level used in the question

(“At 95% confidence…”)
95% = confidence level,
0.95 = confidence coefficient

2. If confidence level = 95%,

that means ɑ = 100% - 95% = 5%, which is 0.05
-> So ɑ/2 = 0.025
-> We will be looking at t₀₋₀₂₅ in the table

3. Calculate the degrees of freedom. If n = 10, then

d.f = ( 10 - 1 ) = 9

4. Check from the table, the value for d.f=9

and 0.025 to find t₀₋₀₂₅ = 2.262
 Interval Estimate of a Population Mean ( μ ) : σ (SD) Unknown

*We have to use the t distribution

table instead of z table (normal
distribution table)

Later it will be written as this:

The t value depends on

“degrees of freedom” (d.f)

where
d.f = n - 1
Example - Interval Estimate of a Population Mean: σ (SD) Known

Q: A random sample of n = 25 has x = 50 and s = 8. Form a 95% confidence interval for μ

A:
Practice Q1 :

Q2:
Answers
Q1 :
Answers
Q2 :
Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Mean ( μ )

We know that the Margin of error = , where n = sample size

So to find Sample size:

Example - Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Mean

Q:

A:

**If the value of n is not a whole number, ROUND UP to the nearest whole number
Practice - Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Mean

Q:
Answer

A:
Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion ( p )

Interval Estimate:

Interval Estimate of a
Population Mean :

And it will be expressed as this:

Interval Estimate of a
Population Proportion :

And it will be expressed as this:

Example - Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion ( p )
Q:

A:
Example - Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion ( p )
Q:

A:
Practice - Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion ( p )

Q:
Answers
Q:

A:
Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion

We know that the Margin of error is E= , where n = sample size

So to find Sample size:

For this, we use p* instead of because we don’t know

before we select the sample.
Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion

How to find p* :

If p* is not given, just use 0.5 as the estimate.

Example of a
question where
p* is given :
Example - Sample Size for an Interval Estimate of a Population Proportion
Q:

A:

**If the value of n is not a whole number, ROUND UP to the nearest whole number
Practice Questions

1.
Answers

1.
Practice Questions

2.

**part ii & v is just for your understanding

Answers

2.
Practice Questions

3.
Answers

3.
Practice Questions

4.
Answers

4.