Ministery of Education and Science

Technical National Highschool

Specialism Industrial Chemistry

A’THOS
Natural Antitussive

Members:
 Alarcón Espinola Sol Danieli
 Balbuena Miranda Danna Lucia
 Benitez Benitez Jazmin Adriana
 Benitez Martinez Hanna Abigail
 Florentin González Alexandro Daniel
 González Martinez Isaías Efraín

Curso: 2º 3ª
Asunción – Paraguay
2023
 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Summary
Through this project we will learn about the antitussive properties of the starbur, eucalyptus
and honey bee. Being the general objective the making of an syrup and antitussive caramel
taking advantage of the properties of the mentioned medicinal plants above using bowls,
beakers, glass clock, dropper and a cooking plate, being succesful our purpose about getting to
know and put in practice what we learned.
Caramel and antitussive syrup.

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

ÍNDICE

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Introduction
The idea came up when the team decided that we wanted to offer a healthier way to keep the
treatment but reducing the chemicals by using medicinal plants and leaving aside the chemicals
that can cause problems in a long term. That can be easy to get than other prescripted
medicines and reduces the effects of respiratory diseases, specifically the cough, That is where
the name came from A’thos.
That’s why we decided to bring to the market an antitussive syrup and caramel based on
medicinal plants.

General Objective
 Making of an antitussive syrup and caramel based on medicinal plants.
 Know the properties of the starbur, ginger and eucalyptus.
 Recognize the importance of medicinal plants in the preparation of phytotherapeutic
products.
 Prepare antitussive syrups from extracts of medicinal plants.

We will explain the properties of each raw material that we use in the organization of this
project, as well as their history, importance, and the benefits of each. We will also express our
methods and ways to reach the final product, as behind the final candy and syrup, there is a
rigorous process involved in their production, in addition to all the raw materials and materials
we use during the process.

In addition, cough syrups are pharmaceutical remedies designed to alleviate the symptoms of
cough, congestion, and discomfort associated with respiratory infections. These products,
available in various formulations, aim to provide relief through active ingredients that soothe
the throat, reduce irritation, and facilitate the expulsion of mucus.

We will test the medicinal properties of the raw materials we use, such as honey, ginger, bull's
horn, eucalyptus, and raw mint essence.

Our goal is to develop a medicinal caramel into the market that can compete with the biggest
brands in terms of effectiveness and convenience in consumption.

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Theoretical Framework
Honey
Apis mellifera, commonly known as honey, is a sweet and viscous fluid produced by bees from
the nectar of flowers or secretions from living parts of plants. Bees collect it, transform it,
combine it with their own substances, and store it in honeycombs where it matures. Honey is
also a secretion that was previously consumed by the bees.

According to researchers at the University of Oxford, honey is the best way to alleviate the
symptoms of respiratory infections. Honey may be more effective than standard care, such as
antibiotics or over-the-counter cough syrups and medications, in relieving symptoms of upper
respiratory tract infections (URTIs), especially in soothing coughs.

Honey can alleviate the symptoms of the common cold, sinusitis, tonsillitis, laryngitis, and the
flu. Specialists recommend darker honey for treating coughs, as it has more beneficial
properties compared to lighter honey.

The researchers at Oxford recommend further high-quality, placebo-controlled trials that

address other symptoms in addition to coughs. This is because the risk of bias in the reviewed
studies was variable, and honey interventions and "usual care" treatments were different, which
may affect the strength of the evidence.

Starbur
Its scientific name is Acanthospermum hispidium. It is characterized by the spines on its mature
fruits, from which it derives its name. It can be commonly found around our homes, typically in
areas where weeds grow. It is often used as a home remedy for controlling tonsillitis and throat
ailments, dry cough, and it also has anti-inflammatory, diuretic, refreshing, and blood-purifying
properties. Boiling around 15 grams of it per liter of water is suitable for gargling. It can be
prepared and consumed as tea, in mate, tereré, or as drinking water.

Ginger
Ginger
Ginger, scientifically known as Zingiber officinale, is one of the best options for natural cold
treatment and relieving cough, thanks to its various medicinal properties. To begin with, it is a
potent natural antibacterial and antiviral agent, helping our body combat the bacteria and
viruses that cause discomfort. Furthermore, it is a powerful expectorant that promotes the
expulsion of accumulated mucus in the lungs, which is ideal for cases of phlegmy coughs.

P.D.: Excessive consumption of ginger is not recommended for individuals with hypertension or
diabetes. Additionally, for the general population, ginger should not be consumed in excess, as
it can lead to stomach acidity, vomiting, or diarrhea.

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus, known in the scientific realm as eucalyptus, is a tree belonging to the myrtle or
aromatic family and is native to Australia. This tree commonly grows in temperate regions, and
its leaves emit a fragrance similar to menthol.

- Most respiratory conditions are caused by infectious agents, which is why medicinal plants and
natural products derived from them that possess antiseptic properties are particularly effective
in their treatment and in the prevention of complications. This is of special interest given the
significant increase in the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics, which constitutes
a major health concern in the population.

Eucalyptus leaves offer numerous benefits for alleviating various respiratory conditions. They
are highly effective in the natural treatment of colds, flu, bronchitis, tracheitis, sinusitis, rhinitis,
mild allergic processes, and spring allergies with rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, and other
respiratory ailments. They can often be used as an alternative to pharmacy medications for
these conditions. Furthermore, eucalyptus infusion can help relieve respiratory conditions such
as bronchitis, asthma, pharyngitis, or tonsillitis.

Mint
- Mint is a triple hybrid of Mentha longifolia x M. rotundifolia x M. Aquatica. It is an aromatic
perennial plant that grows to about 1m in height. It has pale purple flowers and green leaves
with serrated edges. It belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is found in North America, Asia, and
Europe. There are more than 25 species of mint worldwide. Mint leaf infusion is taken orally to
treat respiratory illnesses (fever, colds, cough).

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Methodology

Ingredients for the caramel

- 150 grams of sugar
- 84 grams of honey
- 5 grams of ginger
- 5 grams of starbur
- 5 grams of eucalyptus
- Coconut oil, as needed
- 500ml of water

Materials Used
- 500ml and 100ml beakers
- Suitable cooking container
- Stirring rod
- Spatula
- Watch glass
- Silicone mold
- Stove
- Sieve
- Pipette
- 150°C thermometer
- Brush
- Analytical balance

Procedure for the caramel

1. Weigh and add the ginger and eucalyptus to the water, allowing it to come to a boil. Weigh
each of the ingredients and add the ginger and eucalyptus to the water.
2. When it comes to a boil, strain the mixture and then add the honey and sugar. Filter it using a
sieve and add the honey and sugar. Let it stay there until it reaches 150°C.
3. When it reaches 150°C, let it cool, and with the help of a spatula, pour it into molds. Let it
rest for about 20 to 30 minutes until it hardens and takes on the consistency of a candy. Then,
remove it and package it in suitable wrappers.

Ingredients for the Syrup

- 200 grams of sugar
- 2 drops of raw mint essence
- 250ml of distilled water
- 1 lemon, sliced

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Materials for the Syrup

- Suitable cooking container
- Analytical balance
- Watch glass
- Beaker
- Stirring rod
- Cooking plate
- Mortar
- Sieve

Procedure for the syrup

1. Add mineral water and sugar to a cooking container and bring it to a boil while stirring to
dissolve the sugar for about 10 minutes over low heat.
2. Remove it from the heat, and then add the lemon slices and drops of mint essence. Let it
steep for approximately 45 minutes to 1 hour.
3. Strain out the lemon residues and let it cool.
4. Once it reaches a comfortable temperature, you can package it, and it will be ready for
consumption.

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Results
For a quantity of 30 caramels you’ll Mass
need these ingredients percentage

Water 400 ml 61.63%

Sugar 150 g 23.11%

Eucalyptus 5g 0.77%

Ginger 5g 0.77%

Honey 84 g 12.94%

Starbur 5g 0.77%

For 250ml of syrup you’ll need Mass

these quantities percentage Conclusion
The development of cough syrup
Water 400 ml 68.44% and antitussive caramel has proven
to be of great importance in
healthcare. The combination of
natural and medicinal ingredients
Sugar 200 g 27.3%
such as lemon, ginger, honey,
eucalyptus, and torarotí to create
an effective product for relieving
Lemon 30 ml 4.10% cough and throat irritation.

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Mint 0,5 ml 0.06%
 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Research and experimentation have allowed us to create a cough syrup and lozenge that meets
the required standards of quality and safety. Our syrup, based on lemon, ginger, and mint, has
proven to be an effective combination for alleviating the symptoms of common respiratory
conditions, always considering the importance of food safety and regulation in the production
of homemade pharmaceutical products.

Furthermore, we have recognized the importance of innovation and adaptation in the

development of health products, especially in situations of crises like colds and flu. Our project
has demonstrated how the combination of traditional and modern ingredients can lead to
effective and accessible solutions.

The production of cough syrup and the caramel has not only been an educational project but
also a valuable experience in which we have strengthened our research skills. This project has
the potential to benefit many people by providing safe and effective relief for common
respiratory conditions.

Annexes
Calculations for the Caramel:
Solvent + Solvent = Solution
249g solids + 400ml H2O = 649ml solution

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 Caramelos y Jarabes Antitusivos

Honey Starbur, Ginger, Eucalyptus

84 g .honey 5 g .s olid
100 ml . solu tion × =12 , 94 % 100 ml . solu tion × =0 , 77 % each
649 mlsolu tion 649 mlsolu tio n
Sugar H2O
150 g .sugar 400 ml .H 2 O
100 ml . solu tion × =23 ,11% 100 ml . solu tion × =61 ,63 %
649 mlsolu tion 649 mlsolu tio n

Calculations for the Syrup:

Solute + Solvent = Solution
200g sugar + 530.5ml liquids = 730.5ml solution
Sugar Lemon
200 g . sugar 30 ml .l emon
100 ml . solu tion × =27 , 3 % 100 ml . solu tion × =4 ,10 %
730 , 5 ml solu tion 730 , 5 ml solu tion
Mint H2O
0 , 5 ml .m∫ ¿ 500 ml . H 2 O
100 ml . solu tion × =0 , 06 % ¿ 100 ml . solu tion × =68 , 44 %
730 , 5 ml solu tion 730 , 5 ml solu tion

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