UNIVERSITI TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA

Centre of Diploma Studies

________________________________________________________________

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROJECT

PROJECT REPORT (5%)

Kod & Nama Kursus

DAC 21703 ANALISIS STRUKTUR
Course Name & Code
Seksyen
1
Section
Kumpulan
6
Group
Nama Pensyarah/Pengajar
TS. DR. KHAIRI BIN SUPAR
Lecturer/Instructor’s Name

Ahli Kumpulan No. Matrik Penilaian (%)

Group Members Matric No. Assessment (%)
1. NURSYAZWIY WAFIY BIN
AA211232 Introduction 10
MOHD NOH
2. NURUL QAMARINA BINTI
AA212108 Drawing/AutoCAD/Model 15
KAMAROLZAMAN
Data and Analysis
3. ZULFADHLI BIN ZULKEFLI AA211189 30
(Software)
4. Manual Calculations 20

Discussion 10
Conclusion &
10
Recommendation
References 5
Tarikh Hantar JUMLAH
05 JANUARY 2023 100
Date of Submission TOTAL

ULASAN PEMERIKSA/COMMENTS COP DITERIMA/RECEIVED STAMP

 Construct and build model in structural analysis using computer
software, presentation and report on the details model analysis and
Project Report Rubric (Assessment Form) DAC 21703 – STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS the relevant theoretical calculations with emphasis on teamwork
communication skills. (LOD 16, CLO3-A2,
PLO10-C)
Criteria 1 2 3 4 5 SCR WT TSCR (%)

Introduction ∙ Introduction is presented ∙ Introduction is presented with

∙ Introduction is not presented ∙ Introduction is partly presented ∙ Introduction is well presented 2 0
(10%) minimally some mistakes
Drawing /
∙ Details of bridge model is not ∙ Details of bridge model is ∙ Details of bridge model is ∙ Details of bridge model is ∙ Details of bridge model is well
AutoCAD / Model 3
presented presented minimally partly presented presented with some mistakes presented
(15%)
∙ Accurate representation of the data
Data & Analysis ∙ Good representation of the ∙ Accurate representation of the
∙ Data is not represented or is not using tables and/or graphs
(Software) ∙ Data lacks precision data using tables and/or graphs data using tables and/or graphs 6 0
accurate ∙ Graphs and tables are labeled and
(30%) ∙ Precision is acceptable ∙ Data is fairly precise
titled
Manual
∙ Calculation/Analysis is not ∙ Calculation/Analysis is ∙ Calculation/Analysis is
Calculation ∙ Calculation/Analysis is general ∙ Calculation/Analysis is insightful 4 0
relevant inconsistent thoughtful
(20%)

Discussion ∙ Discussion is not relevant ● Discussion is ∙ Discussion is presented with

∙ Discussion is partly presented ∙ Discussion is well presented 2 0
(10%) presented minimally some mistakes

Conclusion & ∙ Conclusion & recommendation ∙ Conclusion & recommendation ∙ Conclusion & recommendation was
∙ Conclusion & recommendation ∙ Conclusion & recommendation
Recommendation was presented somewhat was presented accurately and presented more accurately and 2 0
was not presented was minimally presented
(10%) accurate and relevant to result relevant to result relevant to result

∙ References is presented ∙ References is presented with

References (5%) ∙ References is not presented ∙ References is partly presented ∙ References is well presented 1
minimally some mistakes

NAME OF LECTURER : SIGNATURE : DATE : TOTAL SCORE : / 100

Note : SCR = SCORE, WT = WEIGHTAGE, TSCR = TOTAL SCORE

 STUDENT CODE OF ETHIC
(SCE)
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CENTRE OF DIPLOMA STUDIES

We, hereby confess that we have prepared this report on our own effort. We also admit not to
receive any help from any third party during the preparation of this report and pledge that
everything mentioned in the report is true.

__ZUL___
Student Signature (Group Representative)

Name : ZULFADHLI BIN ZULKEFLI

Matric No. : AA211189

Date : 05 JANUARY 2023

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Dr. Nur'ain Binti Idris, the lecturer for the structural analysis course, assigned the
assignment for this project, which calls for the creation of a truss bridge made
completely of satay sticks. One of the earliest types of contemporary bridges is a truss
bridge, which is made up mostly of a collection of components that are arranged in a
triangle arrangement in accordance with the truss bridge drawings and connected at
joints called nodes. In addition, Ts. Dr. Khari Bin Supar has given the bridge building
project a set of instructions and requirements that must be strictly followed.

The purpose of this project is to inspire us students to use their understanding of

structural mechanics and creativity to tackle real-world problems by building scale
models of bridges and encouraging effective group communication while working on
assigned tasks. We are required to use acceptable codified inquiry and experimental
methods to discover the physical and mechanical parameters of the material used,
including density, second moment of area, tensile and compressive strength, and
modulus of elasticity. Before building a physical model, forces in members and
structural deflections can be studied using commercially available software such as
StaadPro for modeling and simulating bridge performance.

2.0 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

1) Common satay sticks (made from bamboo)

 2) Super glue (Mr DIY Super Glue)

3) Sewing thread

2.1 BRIDGE MODEL

2.1.1 Types of Bridges is Selected

The Camelback Bridge is a restored historic wooden bridge that arches over the
Constitution Trail in Normal, Illinois. It is on the U.S. National Register of Historic
Places. The bridge's main span is a wooden king post pony truss. The bridge is
supported by Phoenix columns, a type of wrought iron column that was patented by
the Phoenix Iron Company in 1862. It is one of only two bridges in Illinois using the
columns. The bridge was built by the Illinois Central Railroad around the 1880s to
allow traffic on Virginia Avenue to pass over its railroad line. The Phoenix columns
were likely salvaged from another Illinois Central bridge which crossed the Illinois
River at LaSalle.When the railroad stopped using the tracks, the original form was no
longer needed, and during the rehabilitation, the bridge was rebuilt to a lower height
to allow easier access to vehicles.

2.1.2 Details of Bridge

As instructed, we built the satay stick bridge out of bamboo satay sticks, industrial
glue, and sewing thread. Several items are utilized, including rulers and cutters. Sticks
are chosen and the required number of sticks is computed in order to fulfill the project
supplies. The sticks will be chopped in accordance with the established measurements
after being marked. The sticks will be joined using sewing thread and adhesive,
depending on the pattern. The beam will become a bridge once we have finished
connecting and binding the joints together. Using white glue and sewing thread, we
join the joints. So that's basically how I construct a bridge.
3.0 BRIDGE DRAWING MODEL

Model 01 (camelback truss) - chosen model

3d view

Front view

Top View
Model 02
3d view

Front view

Top View
4.0 DATA AND ANALYSIS (SOFTWARE)

MODEL 01
MODEL 02
5.0 MANUAL CALCULATION
6.0 DISCUSSION

Consideration of minimum two (2) design per group member for software
simulation model using StaadPro, with following detail and analysis results

(a) Determine the deflection at the center span of each bridge under 10 kg (100N)
load. Usually the lowest deflection signifies stiffer structure and are more suitable
to be chosen as a physical model.
- According to the data, the deflection midspan for model 1 is -0.010 and for model 2 is -
0.059. Our group choose the model 1 because it has lowest in deflection than the model 2.

model 1 (chosen bridge)

 model 2

(b) In your StaadPro analysis of each bridge geometries, indicate the member
that has the largest
(i) Tension force
- The largest Tension force for our bridge is -0.030 and for model 2 is -0.035
(ii) Compression force.
- The largest compression force for our bridge is -0.030 and for model 2 is -0.035

(i) In your opinion can the satay stick member withstand the largest

(ii) Can the satay stick member joints withstand the largest tension force?

(iii) Explain how you can reduce the largest force in tension and compression.

(iv) Explain how you can prevent the largest compression member from buckling
failure. compression force?
- In my opinion, it depends on how big the satay stick is. The force it can withstand
decreases with decreasing diameter. Therefore, I believe that the average satay stick
cannot sustain the greatest compression force since it will bend and break. If the joint
is attached tightly and properly, the satay stick members joints can endure the greatest
tension force; nevertheless, if not, I believe that they won't be able to. By increasing
the diameter of the satay sticks, we may lessen the tension or compression of the beam,
which is the biggest force in both tension and compression. Making sure that the satay
sticks are knotted and attached to one another tightly and properly will help prevent
buckling failure by preventing the member from coming loose or slipping as the load
is being applied.

Considerations of why the final design is chosen?

The final design is chosen base on the following reasons:
(a) The least deflection at mid span
- According to the data, the deflection midspan is -0.010 and for model 2 is 0.043. This
bridge may able to withstand the weight being carried.
(b) The least large compression force
- The largest compression force for our bridge is -0.030 and for model 2 is -0.035
according to the computer software (staadpro)
(c) The least large tension force
- The largest tension force for our bridge is -0.030 and for model 2 is -0.035 according to
the computer software (staadpro)
(d) The least weight (less members and less joints)
- The weight of our bridge is 418g. The weight of our bridge does not meets the
requirements given in the instruction.
(e) Must have lateral truss to counter lateral movement and explain what reason
or reasons you choose the final design
- According to the findings, if the bridge is built with a lateral truss, the structure will be
more stable and able to handle a higher amount of stress, preventing lateral movement.
Out of all the bridge designs, this one has the finest analytical data.
Indicate where the failure occurs in your model after test. Explain the type of
failure whether it is
- In the bridge test that was conducted on 15 December 2022, our bridge has reached
a maximum load of 30kg and our bridge has not experienced any failure and has
been confirmed by the panel. But for us, we failure in the bridge weight because our
bridge weight reached 418g and in the rules of the bridge competition only 200g was
set. Therefore, our group did not have a chance to win the competition because we
failed in the bridge weight and got a score that slightly lower than the one who won
the competition. In addition, while for the height of the bridge, the width of the
bridge and the length of the bridge we have followed the rules that have been set.

7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In summary, this project was effective in achieving its initial goal. One goal of the
truss bridge construction project is to build a truss bridge that can bear the most
weight while still fulfilling project standards. This is demonstrated by the ability of
each group and its participants to create their own unique, helpful, and original truss
bridge designs while also cooperating as a team to ensure that the designs are fully
realised. This is accomplished by getting involved in projects, learning and
developing skills in planning and advancing bridge construction, collaborating with
others, and working in groups. In order to engage in and experience this pleasurable,
informative, and knowledge-based task, even if it is simply for the experience and
thrill of it, this project concept and idea should be maintained and created as a
necessary activity and assignment for all future students.

According to our group's findings, our bridge can support a load of 30 kg, however
the weight of the bridge's construction exceeds 300 grams, which is against the rules.
Looking at the findings, we can see that the height and weight of the bridge constitute
the breakdown of our bridge. Our bridge was eliminated for exceeding the weight
restriction because we made the error of employing too many satay sticks. To make
the bridge more stable, we could raise its height. Therefore, the maximum load that
can be supported increases with material complexity. The modulus is an essential
design factor for calculating elastic deflections.

8.0 REFERENCES

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelback_Bridge

https://www.normalil.gov/429/Camelback-Bridge

https://www.garrettsbridges.com/design/strongest-bridge-design/

https://prezi.com/-5fknlzbxwk2/camelback-trussdesign/

https://harrisburgmagazine.com/2017/did-you-know-camelback-bridge/