DPM 56

A to E
A. Words along with their meaning, Pronunciation and usage

Taint /teɪnt/

[Verb] 1) contaminate or pollute (something).

2) affect with a bad or undesirable quality.

3) {Archaic} (of food or water) become contaminated or polluted.

Usage 1) – The air was tainted by fumes from cars.

Usage 2) – His career was tainted by scandal.

Origin – Middle English (as a verb in the sense ‘convict, prove guilty’): partly from Old French
teint ‘tinged’, based on Latin tingere ‘to dye, tinge’; partly a shortening of attaint.

Talisman /ˈtalɪzmən/

[Noun] 1) an object, typically an inscribed ring or stone, that is thought to have magic powers
and to bring good luck.

2) a person regarded as representing and inspiring a particular group.

Usage 1) – She wore many gleaming rings as talismans.

Usage 2) – He is a shy, reserved man but nonetheless a talisman for his employees.

Origin – mid-17th century: based on Arabic ṭilsam, apparently from an alteration of late Greek
telesma ‘completion, religious rite’, from telein ‘complete, perform a rite’, from telos ‘result, end’.

Tardy /ˈtɑːdi/

[Adjective] 1) delaying or delayed beyond the right or expected time; late.

 2) slow in action or response; sluggish.

Usage 1) – He was known for his tardy replies.

Usage 2) – The organization was tardy in its handling of the situation.

Origin – mid-16th century: from French tardif, -ive, from Latin tardus ‘slow’.

Threadbare /ˈθrɛdbɛː/

[Adjective] 1) (of cloth, clothing, or soft furnishings) becoming thin and tattered with age.

2) (of a person, building, or room) poor or shabby in appearance.

3) (of an argument, excuse, idea, etc.) used so often that it is no longer effective.

Usage 1) – The room had tatty, threadbare carpets.

Usage 2) – The students practiced in a threadbare rehearsal rule.

Usage 3) – The song was an exercise of threadbare clichés.

Origin – late 14c., from thread (n.) + bare.

Tintinnabulation /ˌtɪntɪnabjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

[Noun] a ringing or tinkling sound.

Usage – The tiny tintinnabulation was faint but distinct.

Origin – mid-19th century: from Latin tintinnabulum ‘tinkling bell’ (from tintinnare, reduplication of
tinnire ‘to ring, tinkle’) + -ation.

Truncheon /ˈtrʌn(t)ʃ(ə)n/

[Noun] 1) a short, thick stick carried as a weapon by a police officer.

Usage – The police used their truncheons to stop the protestors.

Origin – Middle English {denoting a piece broken off (especially from a spear)}, also a cudgel):
from Old French tronchon ‘stump’, based on Latin truncus ‘trunk’.
Talk through the one’s hat

[Phrase] talk foolishly, wildly or ignorantly.

Usage – He was talking though his hat during the party.

Tall story

[Idiom] A story that is greatly exaggerated or particularly imaginative, such that it is difficult to
believe.

Usage – He was prone to tell tall stories to his nephews.

Tempus fugit

[Latin] time flies. Often with a surprised or wistful undertone.

Usage – Ah, tempus fugit. It seems like only yesterday that we first met.

Tout de suite

[French] immediately. Literally “all of the following”, but the English sense is the same as the
French, i.e. urgency.

Usage – He was needed in the office, tout de suite.

B. RC Passage (with Link)

Article 1: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200603132527.htm

Summary : A review of 56 randomized clinical trials finds that psychological and behavioral
therapies may be effective non-drug treatments for reducing disease-causing inflammation in
the body.

Article 2: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200609111052.htm

Summary : A new study has shown that exposure to a now-banned flame retardant can alter the
genetic code in sperm, leading to major health defects in children of exposed parents.

Article 3: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/04/200429105914.htm

Summary : Researchers found that similar factors cause both medical intern burnout and
depression. These findings can be used to identify and treat burnout as well as mitigate the risk
of burnout by modifying workplace factors.

Article 4: https://www.wired.com/story/ai-smart-cant-grasp-cause-effect/

Summary : This article examines the limitations of and further research potential in the field of
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Studies seem to suggest that even the best AI systems find it difficult
to grasp ‘rudimentary physics’ and ‘cause and effect’. Quoting scientists who have expertise in
this field, the article highlights various future AI research areas—especially in building AI
systems ‘that can learn why things happen’.
Article 5: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/re-imagining-our-economic-
choices/article31334019.ece

Summary : This article argues that the COVID-19 pandemic will force the human race to
reconsider its fundamental beliefs and priorities. Nations will have to make the difficult choice
between economic growth on the one hand, and human life on the other hand. While economics
is all about choices, and it has trained us to think in terms of trade-offs or binaries, the
coronavirus pandemic is forcing us to change the very metrics of our decision making by
choosing ‘lives over profits’.
C. RC Passage (with Questions)

The history of human societies and of groups within them has been one of constantly narrowing
occupational specialization. The earliest societies were of hunters and gatherers. When some
societies took to agriculture, groups or individuals within then did not entirely abandon their
earlier occupations. Over time, pottery, carpentry, basket weaving, metal work and a range of
other occupations developed. Those who practised them became specialists, because all could
not acquire the different tools and materials needed and nurture the necessary skills.

The process was inexorable and inevitable. For example, the once unified category ‘the
science’, in time split into physics, chemistry and so on. Each then split into sub categories,
which in turn split into smaller categories. In our daily lives, this process is perhaps visible, the
most clearly, in medicine and surgery where above the general practitioner are specialist, above
whom are those who are called super-specialists.

As knowledge grew and skills developed, once wide avenues split into narrower once, which
split into still more narrow roads, which split into paths along which no more than one or a few
individuals could travel for the reason that had there been many, they would wastefully have
done much the same things. The process; then, has had an underlying logic.

The logic, unfortunately, has been swallowed so uncritically and has been given shape to
relentlessly that we now have ossified categories, the borders between which cannot even be
seen through. I recall that at the start of an MBA course in sociology 36 years ago, we were told
that we would be taught sociology and should pay no attention to psychology. One dealt with
societies the other with individuals. TO my protest that societies were made of individuals and
that the prescribed reading themselves include social psychology, the answer was an
unanswerable but unexplained, “No the two are different’.

If intelligent, educated people cannot now begin to understand the writing of academic
‘specialists’, or else find it tiresome. It is only to be expected that there should be no space any
more for the once highly regarded Renaissance Man, the polymath. A histopathologist is no
more than that , and a specialist in medieval history should not venture into modern or ancient
territories. It is another matter that, in our country at least, a person who has succeeded in one
field, say engineering, begin to expound on spirituality for instance and in taken to be taking
sense. Material success is equated the omniscience.

A little over 50 years ago , a sociologist showed me a studio portrait taken in a western country.
I looked at it carefully and the began to say something which was more explanatory than critical.
I was immediately silenced: ‘ That was taken by a professional’. Since I had not at that time
completely abandoned the academic world, the person could not have known that I had for
some year been earning small sums of money from photographic work. The point was that a
chef should not presume to comment on what a football referee had done. The person in
question has since come to recognize my abilities as a photographer, but I am still not a
professional, since I have other sources of income too. And there are things I do which bring in
no money. They are useful but in the end they are no more than incidental. They cannot taken
me ahead in the world. A man without a label belongs nowhere.

1. In the sentence “Material success is equated with omniscience’, the author’s tone is

A- cynical

B- sarcastic

C- Ironical

D- Caustic

2. In this passage, the author

A- decries the deterioration in academic standards in India.

B- opposes the multi-disciplinary approach in the field of academics.

C- analyses how some occupation become more popular than other in the history of human
societies.

D- criticized the rigid occupational divisions which occur in the process of promoting
specialization.

3. The last sentence in the passage

A- reveals the author’s sense of despair

B- is a reflection on the state of affairs in the society.

C- convey the author’s angry and indignation.

D- capture all of the above.

4. Which process according to the author, was inexorable and inevitable?

A- Occupational Specialization

B- Multi-disciplinary studies.

C- Caste based occupation.

D- Categorization in science subjects.

5. Based on the passage, we cannot conclude that the author is

A- an academician.

B- an amateur photographer.

C- a sociologist

D- a writer.
D. Quantitative Aptitude

Q.1. The road transport corporation has hired a consultant to determine the standard time that
should be taken for a journey between two places. The consultant, after a detailed study, comes
to the conclusion that the time of journey is proportional to the product of the square root of the
number of passengers (n) and the distance to be covered(s). For two distinct trips, the time
taken is in the ratio 2 : 1 and the distances covered are 80 km and 30km respectively. How
many passengers are there in the first bus, if the second bus has 64 passengers?

(A) 64 (B) 96 (C) 36 (D) 32

Q,2. Three businessmen A, B and C started with capitals in the ratio 4 :1: 15. In the first year, at
the end of every quarter A halves his capital, while B doubles his capital and C leaves his
capital untouched. If at the end of the year, B's share of the profit is ₹22,000, what is the total
profit? (in ₹)

(A) 121000 (B) 64000 (C) 36000 (D) None of these

Q.3. The students of Class X of Morgan's High School took test which has a maximum of 50
marks. The teacher misplaced the test notebooks of two of the students - Robin and Garry but
remembered that Garry got an integral score between 10 and 15 and Robin got an integral
score between 32 and 40. She also remembered that the product of the marks obtained by the
two students is also equal to ten times the sum of the marks obtained by the two of them. How
many marks did Garry score?

(A) 13 (B) 11 (C) 14 (D) 12

Q.4. What is the sum of all the even factors of 2160?

Q.5. A hare, a tortoise and a mongoose decide to run a race. The hare overtakes mongoose 2
times per round, the 2nd time at the start and the mongoose overtakes the tortoise 4 times per
round, the 4th time at the start. Find the ratio of the hare's speed to that of the tortoise.

(A) 5:1 (B) 8:1 (C) 15 : 1 (D) 10:1

Directions for questions 6 and 7: These are based on the following data.

A water tank is provided with four outlet pipes having the same emptying capacity evenly
spaced out vertically one above the other. The first pipe is located at the point that is at the
bottom level of the tank. The fourth pipe is located at three-fourths of the height of the tank
above its base. The first outlet pipe can empty the full tank in four hours. There is also an inlet
pipe which can fill the empty tank in one hour. The inlet pipe is opened to fill the empty tank and
after one hour it is closed and then all the outlet pipes are opened.

Q.6. In how many minutes would the tank be empty?

Q.7. When the tank is full, all the four pipes are opened simultaneously and then closed after
one hour. If the filling pipe is opened now, in how many minutes will the tank be full?

(A) 43 (B) 42.5 (C) 41.5 (D) 42

Q.8. A certain tank full of water is in the shape of an inverted cone and develops a leak at its
vertex. The water level fell by 30% in the first 3942 seconds. How much more time is needed for
the level to fall to 40% of the initial level? (in min)
Q.9. Mr. Singh has five children - Dolly, Polly, Molly, Solly and Lolly - named in the decreasing
order of their ages. The age difference between any two consecutive children is the same (an
integral number of years). If Dolly is 14 years old, what are the possible ages of Molly?

I. 13 years II. 12 years III. 11уears

(A) Only II (B) Only III (C) Only II and III (D) Only I and II

Q.10. What is the maximum number of points in which 10 straight lines can intersect 5 circles?

(A) 100 (B) 50 (C) 90 (D) 80

E. DILR – 1 Set

Directions for questions 1 to 5: These questions are based on the following information.

Each of the seven persons in a family - A, C, E, G, I, K and M are comparing their ages and
each of them is of a different age. They all belong to one family. The following information is
known about them.

(1) The age of the second youngest person of the family is 22.

(2) I is the maternal uncle of A. Both I and his only sibling are married. A is not 22 years old.

(3) C is the mother-in-law of M, who is a female.

(4) I's mother is younger than K's father-in-law. K's father-in-law is the father of I's only sister,

(5) The number of males in the family is less than that of females in the family.

(6). The age of M is 26.

(7) The age of K is greater than A's mother's age and less than I's age.

(8) The age of K is 27 years.

(9) E is older than G.

1. Who is the third oldest person in the family?

(A) M (В) А (C) Mother of G (D) I

2. Who is the wife of K?

(А) М (B) G (C) E (D) Cannot be determined

3. What can be the age of A?

(A) 35 (В) 25 (C) 23 (D) 18

4. Who is the husband of C?

(A) K (B) Е (C) Second oldest person in the family (D) I

5. How is M related to G?

(A) Sister-in-law (B) Brother-in-law (C) Brothers (D) Siblings