April2023-Forensic FC by Prof. Navilla-Answer Key

APRIL2023 FINAL COACHING ON FORENSIC SCIENCE
Prepared by: Prof. Chervin Loewe B. Navilla, RCrim

1st Placer, Criminology Licensure Exam (Oct. 2015)
PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 7. It is generally considered most reliable personal

identification, but challenges continue to occur at the
laboratory protocol level and the extent of interpretation.
Which one among the following?
1. The word “forensic” came from the Latin word “forum”
A. Alkaloid synthesis C. Evidence custodian
which literally means?
B. Laboratory SOP D. DNA Testing
A. Market place c. place of discussion
B. Public d. legal
8. The illegitimate mother of the two murdered children whom
• The word “forensic” once used in conjunction with other
she was accused because of the latent prints that has been
related science, it will refer to administration of justice.
found on the scene of the crime. Who is that person in which
without his participation the case will not be solved?
2. It is the application of various sciences to answer questions
A. Francisca Rojas B. Francis Galton
relating to examination and comparison of biological evidence
C. Juan Vucetich D. Edward Richard Henry
and scientific evidences.
• Francisca Rojas- the suspect for the “Rojas Homicide”
A. Criminalistics C. Forensic Science
• Francis Galton- states that the probability of having the
B. Forensic Chemistry D. Evidence Examination
same fingerprint pattern is 1:64,000,000,000 around the
• Forensic Science- is the application of a broad spectrum
world.
of sciences to answer questions of interest to the legal system.
• Edward Richard Henry- known for his “Henry System of
Classification”
3. It involves assessing a print to determine if it can be used
for a comparison. If the print is not suitable for comparison
9. It is said that the fingerprints of a person will be carried
because of inadequate quality or quantity of features, the
from womb to tomb. What principle greatly described the
examination ends and the print is reported as not suitable.
phrase?
A. Analysis C. Comparison
A. Principle of individuality B. Principle of
B. Evaluation D. Verification
permanency
C. Principle of infallibility D. All of these
4. He is credited in the creation of the first crime laboratory in
US which is founded in Berkeley, California.
A. Alexander Lacassagne c. Hans Gross 10. The first conviction in the Philippine Case which gives
B. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle d. August Vollmer recognition to the science of fingerprint?
• Alexander Lacassagne- known as the “Founding Father A. People Vs. Medina B.
of Forensic Science” People Vs. Jennings
• Hans Gross- known as the “Father of Modern C. Miranda Vs. Arizona D. West Case
Criminalistics” • People Vs. Jennings- identified through 14 points of
• Sir Arthur Conan Doyle- known for his fictional character identification.
Sherlock Holmes. • People vs. Medina- 10 points of identification.
• Miranda vs. Arizona- a case that gives recognition to the
5. The Chief Magistrate of the Hooghly District in India, first creation of Miranda Doctrine.
used fingerprints on contracts with the natives. He is also
known as Father of Chiroscopy. 11. This refers to the study of fingerprints for the purpose of
A. JCA Mayer B. John Evangelist Purkinje identification.
C. Herman Welcker D. Sir William James Herschel A. Dactyloscopy B. Dactylography
C. Podoscopy D. Poroscopy
• Dactyloscopy- it is the scientific study of fingerprint.
• Herman Welcker- proved that fingerprint does not • Podoscopy- it is the study of the soles of the feet.
change. After taking his fingerprint, he waited for the next 41 • Poroscopy- it is the study of the pores of the skin.
years and found that no changes happened on the prints.
• John Evangelist Purkenjie- “Father of Dactyloscopy” 12. Ridge forms in the person’s fingers and feet during its
infants stage which usually starts:
6. The greater the number of points of similarities and A. 3rd to 4th months of the fetus life
dissimilarities of two persons compared, the greater the B. 4th to 5th months of the fetus life
probability for the conclusion to be correct. What is this Law C. 5th to 6th months of the fetus life
called? D. 5th to 6th months after birth
A. Law of Multiplicity of Evidence in Identification • 5th to 6th months- ridge formation of the fetus
B. Identification by Comparison and Exclusion completes.
C. Law of Super Imposition
D. All of these 13. It is a kind of gait or manner of walking of a person in
which he/she walks in a swaying movement due to knock-knee
feet.
1|P age AMICI REVIEW CENTER

A. Ataxic Gait B. Cow’s Gait 21. Patterns possess all the characteristics needed on the
C. Spastic Gait D. Paretic Gait investigation that may be bring light on a certain case. What
• Ataxic Gait- foot is raised high and brought down kind of sweat gland that can be found underneath these
suddenly. patterns?
• Cerebellar Gait- staggering movement. A. Sebaceous gland B. Eccrine gland
• Cow’s Gait- swaying movement due to knock-knee. C. Lacrimal gland D. Apocrine
• Paretic Gait- steps are short and feet are dragged. gland
• Spastic Gait- steps and held together and walks in a stiff • Sebaceous Gland- glands that produce oil and fats.
manner. • Lacrimal Gland- glands that produce tears.
• Waddling Gait- duck-like walking. • Apocrine- produced fat for breastmilk.
• Frog Gait- hopping gait.
22. Large cushion area at the base of the thumb where
14. It is the lower or the inner layer of the skin that must not patterns of loop, whorl or a combination of them may appear
be destructed for it could possibly create a permanent injury is_________.
that may result to the lost of the ridges. What is that canal like A. Thenar Zone B. Hypothenar Zone
structure found between the ridges? C. Palmar Zone D. Carpal Delta Zone
A. Dermis B. Epidermis
C. furrows D. Delta 23. What is the fingerprint impression taken individually by
• Dermis- inner layer of the skin. rolling each finger from one side to the other side and from
• Epidermis- it is the outer layer of the skin which is sub- the tip to the end of the first joint?
divided into two: A.Rolled Impression B. Chance
-Stratum Corneum- where the ridges and other Impression
characteristics appear. C. Plain Impression D. A and B is
-Stratum Mucosum correct
• Plain Impression- serves as verification for the rolled
15. The core and delta are essential ridges to be used as a impression.
basis in the counting of ridges once an imaginary line was
drawn in between. It is also termed as what? 24. The purpose of rolling the finger from nail edge to nail edge
A. Inner Terminus B. Outer Terminus is_________
C. Focal Point D. Pattern Area A. to complete the pattern C. to cover all the ridge
• Core- known as Inner terminus characteristics
• Delta- known as Outer Terminus B. to have a good impression D. to avoid missing the
delta
16. A delta may be any of the following, EXCEPT
A. bifurcation opening towards the delta 25. What fingers are rolled towards the body in taking a rolled
B. dot or fragment as thick as the other ridges impression?
C. a point on the first recurving ridge located nearest to A. both little finger B. both thumb finger
the center and in front of the divergence of the type lines C. all finger except thumb D. both index finger
D. a meeting of two ridges • All finger except thumb- away from the body
17. What is the rule when there is a choice between a 26. How many standard fingerprint patterns are there?
bifurcation and other type of delta found in the fingerprint? A. Three B. Eight
A. Bifurcation is selected C. Two D. Nine
B. the other type of delta is selected • Nine- patterns under the Edward-Henry Classification
C. Bifurcation is disregarded System.
D. the one towards the core is selected Three- family of fingerprints- Whorl, Arch, Loop
Eight- patterns under the Henry System with FBI Modification.
18. It is located along the undersides of the fingers, palms, • Plain Arch (A)- ridges flow from one side to the other
toes, and soles appear corrugated skin structure known to the with a slight raise in the center.
fingerprint examiner as • Tented Arch (T)- a pattern either an angle, an upthrust,
A. friction skin B. handprints or an incomplete loop formation.
C. fingerprints D. volar skin • Ulnar loop (U)- slanting ridge flows towards the little
• Volar Skin- term used by the biologist. finger.
• Radial Loop (R)- slanting ridge flows toward the thumb
19. What is that portion of the fingerprint bounded by the type • Plain Whorl (W)- at least one circuiting ridge is touched
lines where the characteristics needed for or crossed by the imaginary line.
interpretation/classification is found? • Central Pocket Loop (C)- no circuiting ridge is touched
A. Loops B. Ridges by the imaginary line.
C. Double lines D. Pattern area • Double Loop Whorl (D)- a pattern having two separate
loop formation.
20. These are tiny portions or a hill-like structure found on the • Accidental Whorl (X)- a combination of two or more
epidermis of friction skin containing sweat, with pores pattern with the EXCEPTION of Plain Arch.
appearing as black lines in a fingerprint impression.
A. Imaginary lines B. Black lines 27. Symbolized by letter W in the fingerprint classification, this
C. Furrows D. Ridges fingerprint pattern have two deltas in which at least one ridge
• Furrows- the depressed portion of the epidermis in the makes a turn through one complete circuit.
fingerprint pattern which is compared with the low area in a A. Plain whorl (w) B. Central pocket loop
tire thread. whorl (C)
• Imaginary Lines- appears between the core and delta. C. Accidental loop whorl (X) D. Ulnar loop (U)

28. The bifurcation which does not remain open but whose • Outer Whorl- tracing from left delta to right and there
legs after a long side by side for short distance, come together are 3 or more intervening ridges.
to form a single ridge once more is referred to as…
A. Enclosure B. Converging ridges 37. It is process of placing in under each pattern the letter
symbols representing their pattern interpretation prior to the
C. Island ridge D. Diverging actual classification formula.
Ridge A.Checking B. Classification
• Island Ridge- resembles a dot or period. C. Blocking-out D. Fingerprinting
• Converging Ridge- two ridges that meets at the ending • Checking- the process of verifying the rolled impression
point. using the plain impression.
29. When a ridge bifurcates, it sends two ridges across the 37. It is placed just to the left of the primary in the
imaginary line, how is it counted? classification formula. Where whorls appear in the thumbs
A. One B. Two following the whorl tracings subsecondary classification.
C. Three D. Six A. sub-secondary B. major division
• If it does not touch the ridges that splits, it is counted C. key D. final
as 1.
38. What is the finger appearing five (5) blocks towards finger
30. PINS Cardo is examining a fingerprint pattern having a 2 number seven (7)?
delta and a core with few spiral formations at the center but A. Finger No. 1 B. Finger No. 2
no complete circuiting ridge is cut. What type of pattern INS C. Finger No. 3 D. Finger No. 5
Cardo is examining?
A. W 39. What is the classification formula that is represented by a
B. X numerical value appearing on the whorl pattern only but the
C. C value only depends on what finger it appears?
D. D A. Key Division B. Major Division
31. The following are the requisites of a loop except one, C. Primary Division D. Sub-
secondary Division
A. It must have a core
B. It must have a complete circuit 39. In the distribution of percentage in the fingerprint pattern,
C. It must have a delta 35% is being represented by what group?
D. It must have a ridge count of at least one A. Loop B. Whorl
C. Arch D. Radial Loop
32. What is the type of a pattern in which the looping or 40. In the primary division, if the pattern appearing in finger
slanting ridges flows towards the little/pinky finger? number eight (8) is a loop, what is the numerical value of that
A. Loop B. Radial Loop finger?
C. Ulnar Loop D. Tented Arch A. None B. 8
C. 16 D. 2
• Radial Loop- the ridge flows toward the thumb. 41. If all the fingers in the right hand are whorl pattern while
33. What type of a pattern possesses an angle, an upthrust, in the left hand are all loop pattern, what will be the primary
or two of the three basic characteristics of the loop? classification?
A. Plain Arch B. Tented Arch A. 25/29 B. 24/28
C. Accidental Whorl D. Ulnar Loop C. 25/1 D. 32/32
34. The following are the requisites of a loop except one, 42. A 32 over 32 would indicate all ___ patterns in primary
classification.
A. It must have a core A. whorl B. loop
B. It must have a complete circuit C. tented arch D. radial
C. It must have a delta
D. It must have a ridge count of at least one 43. What are the three patterns involved in the secondary
classification (small-lettered group)?
35. In fingerprinting, it refers to the process of counting the A. Plain Whorl, Plain Arch, Ulnar Loop
ridges that touch or cross an imaginary line drawn between B. Plain Arch, Tented Arch, Radial loop
the core and the delta. C. Accidental Whorl, Central Pocket Loop, Double Loop
A. Ridge counting B. Ridge tracing Whorl
C. Delta tracing D. All of these D. None of these
• Ridge tracing- the process done in the whorl where the
tracing ridge flows from the left to the right delta. 44. In the Sub-secondary classification, if the loop pattern
appears on the middle finger and there are 12 ridge counts,
36. What should be the ridge tracing interpretation if the what will be the interpretation?
tracing ridge of the whorl goes above the right delta and there A. Ring B. Outer
are three (3) or more intervening ridges between the right C. Inner D. Middle
delta and the tracing ridge? • Index Finger- 1-9 (Inner) 10 or more (Outer)
A. Outer Whorl B. Inner Whorl • Middle Finger- 1-10 (Inner) 11 or more (Outer)
C. Meeting Whorl D. Accidental Whorl • Ring Finger- 1-13 (Inner) 14 or more (Outer)
• Meeting Whorl- tracing ridge from left delta to right 45. In the Major Division, what table should be used for the
delta and there are 2 or less or no intervening ridges. right thumb when the left thumb reaches 17 or more?
A. Table No. 1 B. Table No. 3

C. Table No. 2 D. Table No. 4 • Fragmentary Prints- incomplete latent prints.
Table No. 1 Table No. 2 53. Consider the following statements concerning fingerprints:
1-11= SMALL I. Visible fingerprints made by the bloody hands should be
12-16= MEDIUM photographed
17 or more= LARGE 1-17= SMALL II. Plastic fingerprints are visible and molded into an object
18-22= MEDIUM III. Latent fingerprints are not visible to the naked eye
23 or more= LARGE
Which of the following choices best classifies the above
Note: Table No.1 is use for both left and right thumb. If statements into those which are accurate and those which are
the left thumb reaches 17 or more, the right thumb will use inaccurate?
Table No. 2. It is known as Exceptional. A. Statement 1 is inaccurate; statements 2 and 3 are accurate
B. Statement 2 is inaccurate; statements 1 and 3 are accurate
46. From the same division above, what is the interpretation C. Statement 3 is inaccurate; statements 1 and 2 are accurate
when the ridge of the left thumb reaches fifteen (15)? D. All of the statements are accurate
A. Small B. Medium
C. Large D. Inner 54. In case of split thumb or web fingers, which of the two
thumbs shall be considered for classification purposes?
47. In the final division, ridge counting of loop is the usual A. The inner one C. the outer one
process being done once it appears in the little finger. If there B. The smaller one D. the bigger one
is no loop pattern in that finger, a whorl pattern shall be ridge • Syndactylism- a condition where the fingers are joined
counted. How will you treat a Plain or Central Pocket Loop for together.
the purpose of getting its final classification? • Brachdactylism- a condition where the fingers are
A. Treated as an Ulnar Loop abnormally short.
B. Getting the least ridge count • Orthodactylism- a condition where then fingers cannot
C. By getting the ridge count of the top loop be stretch.
D. It represents a dash • Ankylosis- fingers cannot be bent.
• Double Loop Whorl- getting the ridge count of top loop.
• Accidental Whorl- getting the least ridge count. 55. It is considered as simplest and traditional method in
developing prints in the scene of the crime.
48. It is obtained by counting the ridges of the first loop A. Fuming Method B. Laser Ion
appearing on the fingerprint card (beginning with the right Argon
thumb), exclusive of the little fingers which are never C. Rolling Method D. Dusting Method
considered for the key as they are reserved for the final. • Fuming Method- it is the process of spraying iodine
A. primary B. key fume in the paper surface to make latent prints appear.
C. final D. major
FORENSIC PHOTOGRAPHY
49. In case of an amputated finger, what shall be the Photography- is the process of producing a photograph in the
interpretation of the left index finger if the right index finger is sensitized material through the action of light with the aid of
amputated? the camera, the lens and its accessories after undergoing the
A. Plain whorl and meet tracing development process either mechanical or chemical.
B. The classification in the left index finger shall be same of Forensic Photography- refers to the use of photography in the
that the right index. application of administration of justice from the police work up
C. The classification of the right index finger shall be the same to its court presentation.
of that the left index finger. Police Photography- is the application of photography in the
D. There is no interpretation at all. field of police work.
50. In the classification line, the order should be 1. The word “Photo” is derived from what word?
A. primary, secondary, subsecondary, final, key, major A. Phos B. Latin Word
B. major, key, primary, secondary, subsecondary final C. Greek Word D. light
C. key, major, primary, secondary, subsecondary, final The word “photo” derived from the Greek Word “phos” which
D. primary, secondary, subsecondary, major, key, final means “light”; and “graphia” which means “to draw” or
“grapho” which means “to write”
51. A person committing a crime would always leave 2. When was the birth year of photography?
something behind and may be considered as an integral part A. 1939 B. 1839
in the identification of the suspect especially if it is a “Latent C. 1793 D. 1893
Print”. This prints are made through the;
A. Ridge of the skin B. Furrows of the skin 3. What country is the first who use photograph of crime scene
C. Ridge formation D. Perspiration on top of in court presentation?
the finger A. Germany B. US
C. Philippines D. France
52. It refers to all fingerprints left at the crime scene including
those left accidentally or unconsciously. 4. What is considered as the utmost used of photography in
A. Chance Impressions B. Latent Prints police work?
C. Smudge Prints D. Fragmentary Prints A. For identification B. For
• Chance Impressions- left at the crime scene accidentally preservation
or unconsciously. C. For record purpose D. For court
• Smudge Prints- those prints that are left by sliding presentation
motion.

• For identification- first application of photography by
Alphonse Bertillion that makes him the “Father of Mug Shot 11. In crime scene photography, what view tends to show the
Potography” extent damage on the subject?
• For preservation- the ultimate purpose of photography. A. General View B. Medium View
• For court presentation- it is the photograph of the
evidence that is one being presented which is marked by C. Close-up shot D. Extreme Close-up shot
“Alphabet” (for prosecution) and “Numeral” (for defense). • General View (Long Range)- taking the over-all view of
the crime scene as well as to identify the location of the scene.
5. The science or art of obtaining images in scientific materials • Medium View (Medium Range)- this view will best show
by the action of electro-magnetic radiation rays. the nature of the crime. (about 8-10 feet)
A. Polygraphy B. Dactyloscopy • Close-Up Shot (Short Range)- this will show the damage
C. Photography D. Chemistry or injury committed in the crime scene.
• Extreme Close-Up View- it is done in the laboratory to
6. The study of the fundamentals of photography, its make further examination of the evidence.
application to police work and the preparation of photographic
evidence: 12. It is an electromagnetic energy that travels in a form of a
A. Cinematography wave with the speed of 186,000 miles per second.
B. Police Photography A. Light B. Camera
C. Forensic photography C. Radio Waves D. Lens
D. Photography
13. It is considered as the presence of all lights.
7. A British scientist who made the first miniature cameras, the A. Black Light B. White Light
so-called “mouse trap” cameras. C. Blue Light D. Light Bulb
A. Joseph Nicephore Niepce B. Louis Jacques Mande
Daguerre 14. The combination of Blue and Green color of light which
C. Willian Henry Fox Talbot D. Sir John Herschel produced what secondary color of light?
• Joseph Nicephore Niepce- first invention of photograph A. Magenta B. Yellow
using the metal plate. C. Cyan D. Orange
• Louis Jacques Mande Deguerre- credited for the 15. What is the theory of light which opposes the wave stating
creation of “Daguerreotype.” A system wherein it is not subject that light has its effect by the very small particles such as
for reproduction from the negative film. electrons?
• Henry Fox Talbot- invented the “Calotype” or A. Wave Theory B. Corpuscular
“Talotype.” A system that able to create a reproduction from Theory
the negative film. C. Modified Wave Theory D. Quantum Theory
• John F.W. Herschel- first to coined the word • Wave Theory (Huygens)- the light’s motion is being
“Photography” compared to a floating log that moves through the wave of the
water.
8. The science of obtaining photographic magnification of • Modified Wave Theory (Maxwell and Hertz)- light is in a
minute objects by using a camera attached to a compound form of an electromagnetic energy.
microscope. The camera lens is removed because the • Quantum Theory (Albert Einstein)- electron particle in
microscope will serve as the lens for the camera. an atom creates an energy which results to a light.
A. macrophotography B.
microphotography 16. The changes in direction of light are conclusive whenever
C. photomicrography D. light process from one medium to another. This is known as
photomicrography the phenomenon of __________.
PROCESS RESULT A. Reflection B. Diffraction
MACROPHOTOGRAPHY/ C. Transparent D. Refraction
PHOTOMACROGRAPHY – attaching a macro lens in camera.
Macrophotograph – enlarged image. • Reflection- it is the bouncing of light once it hits the flat
PHOTOMICROGRAPHY – attaching a camera in the surface.
microscope. Photomicrograph – minute details. • Diffraction- it is the spreading of light once it hits the
MICROPHOTOGRAPHY – reducing the image into film strip. surface.
Microphotograph – reduced image
TELEPHOTOGRAPHY – taking image of far distance object. 17. Objects that allow sufficient visible light to pass through
Telephotograph – image from far distance. them that the object on the other side may be clearly seen.
A. Transparent B. Translucent
9. In 1947 Edwin H. Land introduced the one step photography
also known as polaroid. What will be produce by LASER? C. Opaque D. Filter
A. Polaroid B. Holograms • Translucent- a semi-transparent object that allows light
to pass through but not enough detail is being projected.
C. Digital Camera D. DSLR • Opaque- the light that passes through cannot be seen.
• Filter- an object that can subtract or diminish the light
Polaroid Camera- a camera that instantly produce a positive that pass through.
image.
18. It is referred to as the measure of distance between two
10. It is considered as the “Forerunner of Modern Camera” (2) successive crest or through of wave and it is expressed in
which was first invented by the Iraqi scientist Ibn al Haytham. either Millimicron (Nanometer) or Angstrom.
A. Daguerreotypes B. Camera A. Light year B. Frequency
Obscura C. Light Wavelength D. Light Volume
C. Calotype D. Talotype

19. It is a type of light in which their wavelength are either too A. Blue-Sensitive Film B.
short or too long to excite the retina of the human eye. Orthochromatic Film
A. Black Light B. Visible Light C. Panchromatic Film D. Infra-red Film
C. Invisible Light D. Bright Sunlight • Blue-Sensitive Film- sensitive to UV light to Blue
• Visible Light- a type of light that can be seen by the • Panchromatic Film- sensitive to UV light to Green
naked eye. • Infra-red Film- sensitive to UV light to Infra-red
20. It is used in chemical analysis and in curing and hardening 28. What emulsion speed indicator is express in an arithmetic
of different items for industrial purposes. form?
A. long wave UV B. medium wave UV A. ISO B. DIN
C. short wave UV D. ultraviolet rays C. ASA D. GNP
• DIN (International Standard Organization)- represented
21. It is a light source in which it already comes to existence by logarithmic form.
and is created by the divine providence without the • ISO (Deutsche Industre Normen)- combination of
intervention of humanity. arithmetic and logarithmic form.
A. Artificial Light B. Sunlight
C. Divine Light D. Natural Light 29. The following are the essential parts of the camera
• Artificial Light- it is a source of light with the intervention EXCEPT:
of man. A. Light Tight Box B. Lens
C. Tripod D. Shutter
22. It is a lighting condition where object in open space cost a 30. A type of camera in which the lens and shutter mounted
deep and uniform or distinct shadow. to body by means of an accordion-pleated bellows, which can
A. Bright sunlight B. Hazy sunlight be folded into camera foe ease of carrying.
C. Dull sunlight D. A. accordion camera B. folding camera
Cloudy dull C. bellowed camera D. SLR
• Natural Light- can be classified depending on the
shadow produced. 31. What is the main purpose of the camera as an essential
• Bright Sunlight- deep and uniform shadow. element of photography?
• Hazy Sunlight- provides bluish and transparent shadow. A. It is designed to collect or focus the reflected light from the
• Dull Sunlight- no shadow at all. object to form image on the film. (LENS)
B. It is designed to block the unwanted or unnecessary light
23. It is an artificial light describes as containing wire filaments from reaching the sensitized material.
that connects them which sustains the electrical charge that C. It is created to control the passage of light once it reaches
combines them. the sensitized material. (SHUTTER)
A. Photoflood Lamp B. Fluorescent D. None of these.
Lamp 32. What type of a camera is ideal to police photography and
C. Incandescent Bulb D. Flash Bulb also eliminate the parallax error?
A. View Finder Type B. Single Lens
24. What refers to the film and photographic paper that is Reflex
composed of emulsion containing silver halides and suspended C. Twin Lens Reflex D. Press/View
in gelatin? Camera
A. Photo Paper B. Film • View Finder- it is the earliest type of camera.
C. Silver Halides D. Sensitized Material • Twins Lens Reflex- a camera that has two lens: focus
• Photo Paper- it is used in the production of positive and capture.
photograph. • Press/View Camera- a large type of camera that is being
• Film- it is used in preparation for the positive print. used by media.
25. It is a part of the sensitized material which is designed to

hold back the light and prevents halation. 33. In the modernization of the photography, DSLR camera
A. Anti-halation Backing B. Base almost dominated the market because of its great features that
C Coat of Animal Gelatin D. Emulsion are very useful in commercial photo shoots. What do DSLR
• Emulsion- it refers to the upper layer of the sensitized means?
material that actually creates the positive print. A. Double system reflex camera B. Dual
• Base- supports the emulsion. Single reflex camera
• Coat of Animal Gelatin- to prevent scratch or damage to C. Digital System reflex camera D.
the sensitized material. Digital Single reflex camera
26. A black and white films possess several characteristics such 34. This is attach to the shutter to prevent accidental
as speed, spectral and granularity. The speed will be referring movement of the camera during the exposure period.
to the sensitivity of the film to light and the spectral is the A. Tripod B. Cable release
sensitivity to ________________. C. Light meter D. Extinction meter
A. Film Speed B. Wavelength 35. This part of a camera is used to allow light to enter through
C. Electromagnetic Energy D. all of these the lens for a predetermined time interval.
• Film Speed- sensitivity of the film to light. A. shutter B. holder of sensitized
• Spectral Sensitivity- sensitivity of the light to different material
wavelength. C. view finder D. lens
36. What is the timing of the camera shutter and the flash so
27. It is a type of film according to spectral sensitivity wherein that when the shutter is fully opened, that’s the time that the
the film is sensitive to UV light up to the green light only. flash will yield its highest peaks of illumination called?

A. Panorama B. Exposure 43. Pedro was taking a snap shot and expecting it to be sharp
C. Focus D. synchronization but an alteration happened to the expected image because it
can be seen in two viewpoints. What is that phenomenon?
37. The Fish–eye lens is a special type of camera having a view A. out of focus B. coincidence
angle of: C. parallax D. split image
A. 60 degrees B. 180 degrees Focusing Malfunctions:
• Out of Focus (Coincidence)- a single object will appear
C. 90 degrees D. 360 double.
degree • Split-image- the image that is photographed will split
into two parts.
38. Which of the following is TRUE about the shutter speed of
the camera? 44. It is the medium or mean which converges or diverges light
A. The faster the shutter speed, the more light it can transmit. rays that passes through it and able to form an image.
B. The shutter speed setting of ½ is slower than the shutter A. Lens B. Camera
speed of 1/60. C. Mirror D. None of these
C. The shutter speed setting of 1/250 is faster than the shutter
speed of 1/500. 45. It is a type of lens which characterized that it is thicker at
D. The slower the shutter speed, the less light it can transmit. the center and thinner at the side and forms the image
inversely.
• Shutter Speed- regulates the time exposure of the film. A. Convex Lens B. Positive Lens
- the faster the shutter speed, the less light will be C. Converging Lens D. All of the
exposed on the film. The slower the speed, the more light will Above
be exposed in the film. Two types of Lenses:
a. Convex (Positive or Converging Lens)
The fraction on the left is 2x powerful faster than the right. b. Concave (Negative or Diverging Lens)- characterized by
1/1 ½ ¼ 1/8 1/15 1/30 1/60 1/125 1/250 1/500 thinner at the center and thicker at the side and produced a
virtual image.
39. Refers to the range of illumination or the light allowed to
affect the sensitized material at a given time. 46. It is an inherent lens aberration wherein the lens has an
A. Exposure B. inability to focus light passing through it and producing an
Aperture image that is sharp in the center and blurred at the side.
C. Shutter D. Shutter speed A. Spherical Aberration B. Coma
C. Chromatic Aberration D. Flare
40. It is a part of the camera which defines as the ratio • Coma- lateral aberration; light travelling straight makes
between the diameter of the whole lens in relation to the focal it blurred.
length of the lens is referred to as, • Curvature of Field- relation of the images in the different
A. Lens Aperture B. Lens Opening points are incorrect.
C. Focal Distance D. Both A and B • Chromatic Aberration- inability of the lens to focus light
• Lens Aperture- the bigger the diaphragm opening, the in varying wavelength.
more light it will pass through. • Distortion- defect in shape. It can either be Pincushion
-the smaller the diaphragm opening, the less (curving outward) or Barrel (curving inward)
light it will pass through. • Flare- producing multiple images.
- the lower the f-number, the bigger the
diaphragm opening. 47. It is a type of lens which is capable of correcting
The number on the right is 2x powerful in astigmatism.
terms of light gathering than the left A. Meniscus Lens B. Anastigmat Lens
C. Rapid Rectilinear Lens D. Achromatic Lens
f-2.8 f-4 f-5.6 f-8 f-11 f-16 • Meniscus Lens- lens with no correction.
• Achromatic Lens- correcting chromatic aberration.
41. It is the mechanism of the camera designed to control the • Rapid Rectilinear Lens- lens corrected of distortion.
degree of sharpness of the object to be photograph. • Apochromatic Lens- lens used to correct both
A. Range Finder B. Ground Glass astigmatism and chromatic aberration.
C. Focusing D. Scale Bed
• Range Finder- refers to the coincidence or split image 48. A lens defect that can affect resolution and clarity making
type it hard to obtain sharp images.
• Groundglass- object will be viewed to be blurred and A. curvature of field B. spherical aberration
will turn sharp once adjusted. C. chromatic aberration D. coma
• Scale Bed- estimating the distance of the object and • Curvature of Field- dome-like image.
adjusting the camera control.
49. This effect causes images to be spherized which means the
42. In photography using microprism, the image on focus will edges of images look curved and bowed to the human eye.
usually shatter of an out of focus image and when it is exactly A. pincushion distortion B.
in focus the prisms seems to disappear. These microprisms are spherical aberration
primarily found on: C. barrel distortion D. wavy field
A. lens B. filter curvature
C. viewfinder D. groundglass • Pincushion- curves inward.
• View Finder- to determine the field of view of the 50. When one uses a photographic filter in taking a
camera. photograph, he is actually __________light rays or color from
the light to reach the film.
A. adding B. subtracting

C. multiplying D. dividing • Vignetting- gradual fading of the image towards the
side.
51. It is the distance measured from the optical center of the • Dye Toning- changing the color tone of the photograph.
lens is set to focus at infinite position. It is also known as the
fundamental characteristics of a lens that will determine the FORENSIC BALLISTICS
size of an image and area of coverage of the lens 1. It is the science of mobility of the projectile and the
A. Focal Length B. Hyperfocal condition that affects their motion.
Distance A. Forensic Ballistics B. Applied Physics
C. Depth of Field D. Relative Aperture C. Ballistics D. Applied Science
• Forensic Ballistics- a branch of ballistics in relation to
52. A distance at which lens of a camera is focused with a the application of the law.
given particular diaphragm opening which will give the
maximum depth of field is- 2. The word “Ballistics” comes from the Greek Words “ballo”
A. Focal distance B. subject distances or “ballein” which means ___________.
A. To Punch B. To throw
C. hyper focal distance D. focal length C. To slide D. To shoot
53. The distance between the nearest and the farthest object 3. It refers to the mobility or the movement of the projectile
in apparent sharp focus when the lens is focused at a given once it leaves the muzzle and until it reaches the target or fall
point. in the ground.
A. Angle of view B. Focal Length A. Motion B. Ballistics
C. Ballista D. Trajectory
C. Depth of Field D. Focus • Ballista- gigantic catapult that was used to hurl missiles
• Focal Length- distance measured from the optical or large object at a distance.
center of the lens is set to focus at infinite position. • Ballistics- study of the motion of the projectile.
• Focus- setting of the proper distance in order to form a • Trajectory- it is the actual curve path of the projectile
shape image. while in its flight.
4. It is a type of motion of a projectile wherein the action of
64. It is a focal lens not longer than the diagonal half of the the bullet travelling passing through the rifled barrel is either
negative which is useful in taking photograph at short distance twisted to the left or to the right.
with wider area coverage. A. Direct Motion B. Rotatory Motion
A. Normal or Medium Focus <35mm<70mm C. Translational Motion D. Motion to Quash
B. Wide Angle or Short Focus <35mm Types of Motion
C. Long or Telephoto Lens >70mm • Direct Motion- forward motion of the bullet or shot.
D. Zoom Lens (variable lens)- positive and negative lens • Translational Motion- action of bullet once it hits a
target.
55. The photographer in crime scene investigation has to get
as many photographs as he can. The first shot that he should 5. It is a branch of ballistics that treats of the motion of a
make just after reaching the crime scene is the house where projectile while still inside the firearm.
the crime of murder was committed to one of its ten rooms. In A. Interior ballistics B. Terminal ballistics
getting the façade of the house, what lens should he utilize? C. Exterior ballistics D. Forensic ballistics
Branches of Ballistics
A. telephoto lens B. macro lens • Interior Ballistics
C. normal lens D. wide angle lens • Exterior Ballistics- deals with movement of the projectile
after leaving the gun muzzle.
56. It is a stage of the chemical process in which it is being • Terminal Ballistics- deals with movement of the
done to reduce the silver halides to form the image. projectile after hitting the target.
A. Development B. Stop Bath • Forensic Ballistics- application of ballistics to law.
C. Fixation D. Dodging
• Stop bath- prevent contamination between the 6. This is the actual curved path of the bullet during its flight
developer and the acid fixer. from the gun muzzle and target.
• Fixation- all unexposed silver halides are dissolved. A. Air Resistance B. Velocity
C. Trajectory D. Pull of Gravity
57. It is the main fixing agent that dissolves unexposed silver • Velocity- it refers to the speed of the bullet in flight.
halides. • Pull of Gravity- the downward reaction of the bullet
A. Acetic Acid B. Sodium Sulfate towards the earth surface.
C. Potassium Bromide D. Sodium Thiosulfate • Air Resistance- the opposing force of the air against the
bullet in flight.
• Acetic Acid- serves as neutralizer
• Potassium Bromide- restrainer or hardener 7. This refers to the deflection of the bullet from its normal
• Sodium Sulfate- serves as the preservative path after striking a resistant surface.
• Elon,Hydroquenone- use as main developing agent A. Misfire B. Mushroom
C. Ricochet D. Key hole shot
58. It is the process of eliminating unwanted portion of the • Misfire- inability of the gun to shoot.
negative during the enlarging process. • Ricochet- the deflection of bullet after hitting the target.
A. Cropping B. Dodging
C. Vignetting D. Dye Toning 8. The power of the bullet which delivers a very heavy
• Cropping- omitting an object during the process of paralyzing blow that put the victim down and may then recover
enlarging. if the wound inflicted upon is not fatal is called –
A. Knocking power B. Power kick

C. Fire power D. Double action particular firearm, and whether or not a particular shell is
loaded and ejected from the same firearm and it is conducted
9. This refers to the helical grooves cut in the interior surface in a forensic laboratory. What phase of forensic ballistics best
of the bore. describes the statement?
A. swaging B. ogive A. Field investigation B. Technical
C. rifling D. breaching examination
10. The following conditions are NOT attributed to external C. Legal proceedings D. None of the
ballistics, EXCEPT: above
A. Firing pin hitting the primer. • Field Investigation- phase of forensic ballistic which is
B. Ignition of the priming mixture. conducted at the crime scene.
C. Energy generated at the muzzle point. • Technical examination- all related ballistics exam is
D. Rotation of the bullet inside the muzzle. conducted in the laboratory.
• Legal Proceedings- preparation of ballistic evidences in
Choices A,B and D refers to the motion of projectile under the the court proceedings.
interior or internal ballistics.
17. The rearward movement termed as recoil of the firearm is
11. It is termed as the stability of the bullet in flight particularly a natural phenomenon because of the expansion and explosion
in the parabola, which was credited to the construction of the which was put into used by ____ to create a fully automatic
rifling. mechanism of the firearm.
A. velocity B. stability in A. John M. Browning
flight B. Tyler Henry
C. gyroscopic action D. parabolic like C. Hiram Maxim d.
flight Horace Smith
• John Browning- wizard of modern firearms
12. Rifled barrel firearm has better proficiency for use because • Tyler Henry- developed a .44 cal rim fire cartridge
it__________ • Horace Smith- founded the firm Smith and Wesson
1. provides or impart rotatory motion to the bullet
2. gives gyroscopic action 18. He patented the very first practical revolver in which the
3. gives greater accuracy and penetration cylinder will rotate if the hammer is cocked known as the single
4. gives greater range action mechanism. The statement is referring to Samuel Colt
but that mechanism was put into used because of the
A. 1 and 3 B. 2 and 4 percussion system by:
C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 A. Samuel Colt B.
Hiram Maxim
13. It is the distance at which the gunner has the control of C. David Williams D. Alexander
shot where the bullet travel straight. John Forsyth
A. Maximum Range B. Maximum • Samuel Colt- patented the first practical revolver.
Effective Range • Hiram Maxim- developed the first fully automatic gun.
C. Accurate Range D. Effective • David Williams- Maker of the first known carbine
Range
• Effective Range- still capable of inflicting fatal injury. 19. He gave his name to a whole class of firearms; he is also
• Maximum Range- farthest distance the bullet could the manufacturer of the Pocket Pistol.
travel. A. John M. Browning B.
• Maximum Effective Range- farthest distance the bullet Samuel Colt
could take damage. C. Col. Calvin H. Goddard D. Henry
Derringer
14. In the terminal ballistics, It refers to the size of the bullet • Col. Calvin H. Goddard- “Father of Ballistics.”
groupings on the target.
A. Terminal penetration B. Terminal 20. He invented a submachine gun in the 1950’s which was
velocity used by the Israeli Army during its Sinai campaign in 1956.
C. Terminal energy D. Terminal A. Alexander John Forsyth B. Uziel Gal
accuracy C. Major Patrick Ferguson D. John C.
• Terminal Penetration- depth of entry of the bullet. Garand
• Terminal Velocity- speed of the bullet after hitting the • Major Patrick Ferguson- maker of Collier Rifle
target.
• Terminal Energy- force of the projectile after hitting the 21. The very first self-exploding cartridges were invented on
target. 1836 and it was called as the pin-fire cartridge which came into
realization through the invention of:
15. PINS Tina Moran was tasked to examine whether the A. Le Faucheux B. Hiram Maxim
questioned bullet was fired from the suspected firearm and C. Flobert D. Alexander John Forsyth
prepare her deductions for court testimony. The situation was • Flobert- developed the Rim-fire cartridge.
part of what branch of ballistics?
A. Firearms Identification B. Technical examination 22. This refers to the classification of firearms wherein it has
no rifling inside their gun barrel.
C. Legal proceeding D. Forensic A. Rifled Bore Firearm B. Smooth Bore
ballistics Firearms
C. Machine guns D. Shotguns
16. A field of forensic ballistics that includes the expert • Rifled Bore Firearms- with a rifling on their gun barrel.
examination of firearms, bullets and shells that would
determine whether or not a particular bullet is fired from a 23. The caliber of the smoothbore firearm case measure by?

A. Gauge B. Caliber A. Ejector B. Extractor
C. Lands D. Grooves C. Firing pin D. Extractor pin
• Caliber- measurement of the distance between lands • Ejector- thrown out the shell from the firearm.
and grooves.
• Lands- the elevated portion of the bore of the barrel. 33. These are devices that are not really designed to become
• Grooves- the depressed portion of the bore of the a weapon but because of its mechanism that is the same as
barrel. those in the firearm they are already considered as
miscellaneous guns.
24. This refers to the firearms that propels projectile with more A. tool B. zip
than one (1) inch in diameter. guns
A. Artillery B. Small Arms C. traps D. cane
C. Rifles D. Carbine guns/freakish gun
• Small Arms- propel projectile that is one (1) inch or less • Zip Guns- home-made gun. Used by the juvenile gang
in diameter. in the US.
25. It is an ancient smoothbore and loading shoulder arms • Tool- resembles a gun but used for construction.
designed to fire a shot or a single round lead ball. • Traps- used to catch fish and for animal hunting
A. Shotgun B. Rifle purposes.
C. Carbine D. Muskets
• Rifles- barrel with more than 22 inches. 34. A shooting incident was happened wherein five people
• Carbine- barrel with 22 inches or less were found dead on the scene of the crime. During the
incident, it was found out that the firearm involve uses a pistol
26. What type of a firearm is commonly used by cavalry? size ammunition but having contains a shoulder stock because
A. Carbine B. Pistol it was fired in a distance. The scene was filled by cartridge
C. Revolver D. Rifle cases but there was only one empty magazine recovered. If
27. It is a barrel construction of a shotgun in which there is a you are the investigator, what type of firearm was used?
diminishing bore diameter towards its muzzle. A. machine gun B. sub machine gun
A. Cylinder Bore Type Shotgun B. Choke Bore C. sniper D. Revolver
type shotgun 35. What is the best way of picking a suspected firearm at the
C. Paradox Type Shotgun D. Single Barrel Shotgun crime scene?
• Cylinder Bore Type Shotgun- bore size is the same up A. Picking it through the handle
to the barrel. B. Picking it through the barrel
• Paradox Type Shotgun- rifling a few each at the muzzle C. Inserting a handkerchief or string straw at the trigger guard
end. D. Inserting a rod at the barrel
28. It is an early muzzle-loaded firearm used in the 15th to 36. How is the serial number of a firearm or engine number of
17th centuries. Like its successor, the musket, it is a vehicle restored?
smoothbore firearm, but it is lighter and easier to carry. It is a A. By polishing stamped serial number
forerunner of the rifle and other long-arm firearms. B. By cleaning obliterated surface
A. arquebus B. C. By removing the zone of strain
musket D. By applying etching reagent
C. blunderbuss D. rifle 37. Technically speaking, the term ammunition refers to a
group of cartridges or to a single unit or single cartridge. What
29. Handguns that can be fired several times by means of is now a cartridge?
cartridge stored in the handle are called. A. the entire primer assembly consisting of primer cup,
A. Pistols B. Revolver priming mixture, and the anvil
B. a complete unfired unit consisting of a bullet,
C. Self-loading pistol D. cartridge case, gunpowder and primer
Automatic Firearm C. an entire cartridge case, including extracting groove,
• Revolver- position the cartridge for firing through the shell head, and the crimp
rotating cylinder. D. the bullet consisting of the nose, the body and the
• Automatic Firearm- continuous firing while the trigger is base
pressed.
30. It is a type of firearm designed to fire several loads (shot) 38. The Morse cartridge in 1858 marked the beginning of the
in one loading. rapid development of the
A. Single Shot Firearms B. Repeating A. Pin-fire cartridge B. Center-fire cartridge
Firearms C. Rim fire cartridge D. None of these
B. Double Action D. Single Action • Pin-fire (La Facheux)- ignition cap is hidden inside the
• Single Shot Firearms- only one shot for every loading. cartridge.
• Repeating Arms- fire several shots in one loading. • Rim Fire (Flobert)- primer is at the rim of the cartridge.
• Single Action- revolver; manual cocking of the hammer. • Center Fire- primer is at the center of the base.
• Double Action- revolver; not need manual cocking.
39. What should be the classification of a shell when the
31. Is that part of a firearm which houses all the other parts. diameter of the rim is larger than the diameter of the shell’s
A. Housing B. body?
Frame A. Belted type B. Rimless case
C. Casing D.
Chamber C. Rebated type D. Rimmed case
• Rimless- the shell’s diameter is equal. No rim.
32. It is the mechanism of a firearm which withdraws the • Rebated- rim diameter is smaller than the shell.
empty shells from the chamber? • Belted Type- a belt is located around the shell’s body.
10 | P a g e AMICI REVIEW CENTER

A. Primer B. Priming
40. The following are the advantages of using cartridges, Mixture
except C. Anvil D. Disc
A. greatly speeded the loading of weapons • Priming Mixture (percussion powder)- highly sensitive
B. avoided waste of powder from spillage compound. The one that ignites.
C. soldiers carry with them a bag of powder and the ball • Anvil- absorbs the blow of firing pin and initiates
bullets to battles every time ignition.
D. provided a uniform charge from shot to shot • Disc- protect primer from moisture attack.
41. The unit of measurement of a shotgun is expressed in 50. Fired Cartridge case/shell are usually mark at the
gauge, however, it is still convertible into inch. What is the _________?
equivalent of 10 Gauge shotgun to inch? A. At the base B. Side or body
A. .410 inch B. .775 inch of the shell
C. .729 inch D. .670 inch C. At the rim D. Any
of these
42. A type of a bullet designed to be fired at night which emits
a bright flame at its base and usually colored red-tip. 51. It is that mixture of chemicals of various compositions
A. Armor piercing B. Tracer bullet designed to propel the projectile by means of expansive force
C. Incendiary bullet D. Explosive of gases when burned.
• Armor piercing- capable of penetrating light armor. A. Propellant B. Gun Powder
• Incendiary Bullet (blue-tip)- target will burst into flame. C. Potassium Nitrate D. Either A or B
• Explosive Bullet- detonates upon impact on target. Gun Powder Development
• Black Powder- oldest known explosive and contains
43. The word bullet was derived from the French word, Potassium Nitrate (75%), charcoal (15%) and sulfur (10%)
“Boulette” which means ___________. • Smokeless Powder- presently used gun powder.
A. stone B. a metal Capt. E. Schultze- first smokeless powder in shotgun.
C. A small ball D. None of these Paul Vielle- first smokeless powder in rifle
44. A cartridge case is a metallic or non-metallic container that 52. Smokeless powders were first invented by Paul Vielle
holds the bullet, primer and the gunpowder into one or making its way to become the very first satisfactory smokeless
otherwise known as the shell or casing. What does the powder. It was first release in what place?
cartridge case made up of? A. Italy B.
A. 30% copper and 70% zinc France
B. 40% nitroglycerine and 60% nitrocellulose C. England D. Rome
C. 70% copper and 30% zinc
D. 75% potassium nitrate, 15% charcoal, and 10% sulfur 53. It refers to the characteristics of a firearm which are
determinable even before the manufacture of the firearm?
45. According to the diameter of the base or rim of the A. Class Characteristics B. Individual
cartridge cases, which is common to revolver and shot gun Characteristics
cartridges? C. Repetitive mark D. accidental
A. Diameter is greater than the body mark
B. presence of extracting grooves
C. Diameter of rim is equal to the body 54. The most important single process in a barrel manufacture
D. Made of brass case from the standpoint of the identification expert is:
A. reaming operation B.
rifling operation
46. It is the part of the cartridge case designed to limit the C. lapping operation D. drilling
forward movement of the cartridge to the chamber. operation
A. Extracting Grooves B. Base Manufacture of Barrel
C. Primer Pocket D. Rim • Drilling- creating a hole in the firearm.
• Extracting grooves- for the withdrawal of the case. • Reaming- smoothens and polishing the hole.
• Base- bottom portion of the case. • Rifling- making helical grooves on the barrel.
• Primer Pocket- hold primer in place. • Lapping- applying breech face at the rear of the barrel.
47. It is a hole at the bottom of the primer pocket where the
ignited priming mixture will pass through to impart an ignition 55. It refers to the measure of the twisting of the lands and
to the propellant. grooves or one complete turn.
A. Cannelure B. Crimp A. Pitch of rifling B. Bore
C. Vent or Flash Hole D. Base diameter
• Cannelure- prevent the bullet from being pushed down. C. Lands and grooves D.
• Crimp- prevent bullet from being pulled out. Bullet twisting
Class Characteristics
48. A type of primer with two vents or flash holes. • Bore Diameter- the measure between two lands.
A. Bordan primer B. Berdan Primer (Colonel • Lands and grooves- both have the same number inside
Hiram S. Berdan) the barrel.
C. Battery Primer D. Boxer Primer
• Boxer Primer- one flash hole. 56. A fired bullet with six lands and grooves twisted to the right
is fired from the barrel of a firearm with identical class
49. It is the ignition system of the cartridge used in a center characteristics as that of:
fire type, containing a highly sensitive chemical compound that A. Browning B. Colt
would ignite into flame once hit by the firing pin.

C. Smith and Wesson D. QUESTIONED DOCUMENT
Steyr 1. Any material that contains a mark symbol or sign, either
Types of Rifling visible, partially visible or invisible that may presently or
• Steyer- 4LGR ultimately convey a meaning or a message to someone.
• Carbine- 4LG2XR A. Document B. Standard Document
• Smith & Wesson- 5LGR C. Questioned Document D. Public Document
• Colt- 6LG2XL
• Browning- 6LG2XR 2. A condensed and compact set of authentic specimen which
• Winchester- 6LG3XR is adequate and proper should contain a cross section of the
• Webley- 7LG3XR material from known sources is:
A. Disguised document B. Public
57. A shaving marks on a bullet is due to: Document
A. Oversized barrel C. Standard document D. Official
B. Poor alignment of the cylinder to the bore of the barrel document
C. Oily barrel
D. Delayed combustion 3. It is a classification of document in which it is issued by a
Marks found at the Fired Bullets public official in the exercise of the functions of his office.
• Land Marks- caused by lands of the firearm. A. Public Document B. Official
• Groove Marks- caused by grooves of the firearm. Document
• Skid Marks- caused by the forward motion of the bullet C. Private Document D. Commercial
inside the chamber. Document
• Stripping Marks- due to loose fit barrel.
• Shaving Marks- due to poorly aligned cylinder. 4. A kind of document executed by a person in authority and
• Slippage Marks- passing through oily or oversized by private parties but notarized by competent officials.
barrel. A. private document B.
Commercial document
58. It is a mark found at the base portion of the mouth of the C. public document D.
shell caused by backward movement to the breech face of the Official document
block of the firearm.
A. Firing Pin Mark B. Breech Face 5. Before any private document offered as authentic is
Mark received in evidence, its due execution and authenticity must
C. Extractor Mark D. Magazine Lip be proved either:
Mark A. By anyone who saw the document executed or written
Marks found on Fired Shells B. By evidence of the genuineness of the signature or
• Firing Pin Mark- found at the base portion due to firing handwriting of the maker.
pin of the firearm. C. Ancient document
• Extractor Mark- found at the extracting groove due to D. A and b only
its withdrawal.
• Ejector Mark- located near the rim of the cartridge after 6. The art of beautiful writing is known as
he shell have been thrown out. A. Drafting B. Calligraphy
• Shearing Mark- “Secondary Pin Mark” C. Art appreciation D. Cacography
• Magazine Lip Mark- found at the rim due to loading of • Cacography- bad writing
cartridge to the magazine.
• Chamber Mark- around the body of the cartridge 7. It is a type of standard document executed in the day to
because of the firearms chamber. day activities and is being produced in the regular course of
man’s activity.
59. In the identification of shell if firing pin marks and breech A. Notarized Document B. Contemporary
face marks is not discernable, the positive identification can be Document
based on? C. Collected/Procured Document D. Requested/Dictated
A. Extractor marks confirmed by ejector marks Document
B. Chamber marks • Requested/Dictated Document (Post Litem Motam)-
C. Magazine lip mark executed upon request
D. Shearing Marks
8. In this class of questioned documents, papers, inks,
60. What do you call the type of instrument used in measuring watermarks and the continuity of all the writing in the
pitch of rifling firearms? document is being considered and scrutinized.
A. Torsion Balance B. A. documents attacked on the question of their age and
Helixometer date
C. Thermometer D. B. documents attacked on the question of materials in
Caliper their production
• Torsion Balance- measure the weight of bullet. C. holograph documents questioned or disputed
• Caliper- measure the caliber of firearm. D. documents containing alleged fraudulent alterations
61. What instrument is used in measuring the velocity of the 9. In the history of questioned document examination, who
bullet? was the British examiner of questioned document who said
A. Calipher B. Torsion that an intelligent police investigator can detect almost 75% of
Balance all forgeries by careful inspection of a document with simple
C. Helixometer D. Chronograph magnifiers and measuring tools was;
A. Alphonse Bertillion B. Detective Allan
Pinkerton

C. Dr. Wilson Harrison D. Richard Henry 17. To be able to make a positive identification of a person,
document examiner must be able to observe the ________.
10. Contemporary handwriting standards means that the age A. Characteristics of his handwriting
of the standards should be within? B. Writing position of the writer
A. 8 years from the date of the question document C. Manner on how the writer moves the pain
B. 10 years prior to the date of the questioned D. Distinguishing individual features of his handwriting
document
C. 5 years prior to the date of the questioned document 18. This movement may be categorized into hesitating and
D. 15 years prior to the date of the questioned painful due to weakness and illness.
document A. tremors B. wrist
movement
11. What is the Latin word for “paper” C. quality of movement D.
A. cartouche (French) B. whole arm movement
penna
C. charta D. 19. It is a name of a person which represent as an
papyrus (Egyptian) identification in a document and serves as an
acknowledgement of the document signed.
12. It is the combination of then basic shape and designs of A. Evidential Signature B. Model
letter and the writing instrument which was taught in school. Signature
C. Signature D. Fingerprint
A. Copy Book Form B. System of • Evidential Signature- executed in particular date, time
Writing and place under the same writing condition.
C. Handwriting D. Writing
Movement 20. A genuine signature used to prepare an imitated or traced
• Copy Book Form- illustration of the basic design of forgery is known as
letters. A. Evidential Signature B.
• Writing Movement- factors in connection to the motion Forged Signature
of the pen. C. Model signature D.
• Handwriting- a visible effect of bodily movement. Repeated Signature
13. It is a line whether imaginary or straight line in which the 21. Mr. A, a Chief of the Intelligence Division of PNP, will sign
writing rest. a “Confidential” file as an approval regarding the operation
A. Slant B. Baseline against the notorious drug syndicate in their locality. What
B. Cursive Line D. Rhythm class of signature does Mr. A executed?
• Cursive- letters are joined together. A. Formal or Complete B.
• Slant- the inclination of the letter relative to the Informal or Cursory
baseline. C. Careless Scribble D.
Forgery
14. Refers to the design of letters which are fundamental to a Classes of Signature
writing system. • Formal or Complete- for vital documents.
A. Copy book form B. Line quality • Informal/Cursory- for daily or routine documents.
C. System of writing D. Writing movement • Careless Scribble- not very important document.
15. It refers to any repeated elements of a person’s 22. A fraudulent signature whereby there is no apparent
handwriting which serves as identifying characteristics. attempt at simulation or imitation, or the person (suspect)
A. Handwriting B. Significant Writing merely signs the name in his name and or used another
Habits signature and possess the document before the fraud is
C. Writing D. Writing Habits discovered.
Development of Writing A. Fraudulent Forgery B.
• Writing- visible result of a very complicated series of Spurious Forgery/Simple Forgery
acts. C. Simulated Forgery D.
• Handwriting- visible effect of bodily movement that is Traced Forgery
unconsciously done. Types of Forgery
• Writing Habits • Simple Forgery- no attempt of imitating other signature.
• Significant Writing Habits- unique and well fixed and a • Simulated Forgery- most skillful. Resembles genuine
concrete basis of individuality. signature through free-hand writing.
• Traced Forgery- follow the outline of the original
16. It is a specimen of writing executed deliberately with an signature.
attempt of changing its usual writing habits to hide his/her
identity. 23. A signature in a check is suspected to have been forged.
A. Natural Writing B. Hand lettering The signatory does not remember categorically whether he
C. Guided/Assisted Writing D. Disguised had issued the check. The signature was compared with a
genuine signature but both were in the same in size and shape.
Types of Handwriting What will be your conclusion about the signature?
• Hand lettering- letters are disconnected. A. genuine; the signatory only forgot the issuance of the
• Natural Writing- executed normally without intention of check
altering writing habits. B. genuine; both signatures are exactly the same in size
• Guided or Assisted- for beginners. A writer’s hand is at and shape
rest and being assisted by others. C. forgery; the signatory just want to deny the issuance
of the check

D. forgery; no signature is exactly the same in all C. Diacritics D. A or B
aspects when compared • Diacritics- strokes added to complete letters. Only found
on three letters.
24. A document becomes questioned documents when _____
or alterations, this usually affect the original meaning of a 33. One the points that should be considered in QD
document. examination is the familiarization of the shape and design of
A. Forge B. Fraudulent individual letters of the source which was referred to as the:
A. characteristics B. form
C. Changes D. Signature
C. individual characteristics D. rhythm
25. As a rule, it is easier to determine whether or not a
signature is forgery, but it is very difficult on the other hand to 34. It is a type of writing movement which is usually found on
establish who committed the forgery because: a child who starts to learn how to write or draw.
A. the forger might be a left handed A. Hand Movement B. Finger
B. imitation is one of the most effective means to Movement
disguise one’s handwriting C. Forearm Movement D. Whole Arm
C. it might be a traced forgery Movement
D. there is no sufficient standard available Types of Movement
• Finger- used by beginners and there is lack of freedom.
26. The following are characteristics of forgery except one: • Hand- limited freedom.
A. Presence of Natural Variation • Forearm- most skillful type of movement.
B. Multiple Pen Lifts • Whole Arm- for ornamental or large writing.
C. Show bad quality of ink lines
D. Patchwork Appearance 35. In the recognition of handwriting characteristics, it offers
ability of distinguishing characteristics which are normal and
27. It is a type of characteristics which is commonly found in disguised. What was being emphasized in the statement?
the specimen writing of other persons. A. Examination B.
A. Gross Characteristics B. Individual Distinguishing
Characteristics C. Familiarization D.
C. Class Characteristics D. A and C Analysis
28. The rounded inner part of an upper curve, bend or crook 36. It refers to the average or usual pressure applied in the
of a letter. writing.
A. Humps B. A. Pen Pressure B. Pen Emphasis
Blunt C. Rhythm D. Skills
C. Arc D. • Pen Emphasis- increase in speed while the forcing the
Beard pen on the paper.
• Beard- introductory up and down stroke. • Rhythm- harmonious stroke.
• Humps- outer part of the upper curve. • Skill- degree of writer’s proficiency.
• Blunt- abrupt beginning or end.
37. It is an interruption in the stroke caused by the immediate
29. It is the body of the letter which is described as a small removal of the writing pen from the surface of the paper.
rounded or circular strokes. A. Pen Position B. Pen
A. Central Part B. Scope
Buckle Knot C. Shading D. Pen
C. Ductus-link D. Lift
Eyelet-eyeloop • Pen Position- position of pen in the paper surface.
• Buckle Knot- horizontal loop strokes to complete letters. • Pen Scope- reach of the hand while the wrist is at rest.
• Ductus-link- connection between letters. • Shading- increase in the width of letter.
• Eyelet- small oblong strokes.
30. It is an introductory backward strokes found in most capital 38. It is the stroke which goes back over the previous writing
letters. strokes.
A. Hiatus B. Hitch A. Retracing B.
C. Knob D. Loop Retouching
• Hiatus- obvious gap between letters. C. Patching D.
• Knob- tiny pool of ink at beginning or end of letters. Shading
• Loop- oblong strokes. • Retouching or Patching- goes back over the defective
writing.
31. It is term as “the backbone of the letter” characterized by
a long downward stroke. 39. It is the usual or normal individual’s handwriting.
A. Stem B. Initial/terminal Spur A. Transitory Change B. Natural
C. Through D. Whirl Variations
• Whirl- long upward stroke opposite the stem. C. Tremor D. Writing
• Initial/terminal Stroke- long running initial or terminal Conditions
stroke. • Transitory Change- there is a temporary changes in the
• Through- garland form of strokes. person’s condition that diverts them to their normal writing.
• Tremor- weakening of strokes.
32. It is an additional stroke that serves as an ornament or
artistic design to a letter which is not relevant to a writing. 40. A person who can write either with his left or right hand is
A. Embellishment B. Rubrics called–

A. Ambidextrous B. Analogous
C. Bicephalous D. Dextrous or 50. Stereoscopic microscope is one of the most expensive
Dexterous instruments used for examination of documents that would
show three dimensional enlargements. Tree diameter
41. A fluid or viscous marking material used for writing or enlargement in a projection means that for each inch of the
printing. negative along a side, the print measures three inches and
A. Pen B. Ink has:
C. Coal D. A. 12 times the area of the original negative
Chalk B. 18 times the area of the original negative
C. 8 times the area of the original negative
42. An ink that is made by grinding carbon in the form of D. 9 times the area of the original negative
vegetable char with varnish made of natural gums and drying
oils. 51. In a conventional typewriter, it refers to the printing
A. Record ink B. surface of the type block in which each letter will be found.
Liquid-lead pencil ink A. Characters B. Typeface
C. Stamp-pad inks D. C. Alphabet D. None of these
Printing ink
52. It is an abnormality in the type printing in which it refers
43. If ballpoint was patented by John Loud, who patented the to the actual damage to the typeface metal.
first practical fountain pen containing its own ink reservoir? A. Mal-Alignment B.
A. William Mitchel B. Lewis Permanent Defects
Waterman C. Typeface Defects D.
C. Swamp Reed D. Harrison Ford Transitory Defects
• Mal-alignment- the letters are printed inclined from its
44. This are usually the result from contact with the other proper position.
writings. • Permanent Defects- cannot be corrected by simply
A. Folds and Creases B. Blots cleaning the machine.
• Transitory Defect- can be corrected by simply cleaning
C. Perforation D. the machine.
Smears
53. It is a type of mal-alignment wherein a character is printed
45. It refers to any form of changes either by addition or above or below its correct position.
deletion to the original document which is not a content of its A. Horizontal Mal-alignment B. Vertical
original preparation. Mal-alignment
A. Erasure B. Alteration C. Twisted Letters D. Off-its-
C. Mechanical Erasure D. Chemical Feet
Erasure • Horizontal mal-alignment- printed either to the left or
• Erasure- removing the writing in a document. right.
• Twisted Letters- letters lean to the left or right once
46. A kind of erasure by using a rubber eraser, sharp knife, printed.
razor blade or picking instrument. • Off-its-feet- some part of a letter is heavily printed than
A. mechanical erasure B. the remaining outline.
electronic erasure 54. It is a typeface defect in which the print provides a double
C. magnetic erasure D. or overlapping impression.
chemical erasure (use of bleaching agent) A. Actual Breakage B. Rebound
C. Actual Breakage D. Clogged
47. It is a process of spreading too much ink over an original Typeface
writing to make it undecipherable or illegible. • Actual Breakage- actual damage to the typeface.
A. Obliteration B. • Clogged Typeface- typeface produced dirty prints.
Charred Document
C. Contact Writing D. 55. It is a type of conventional typewriter in which the
Invisible Writing characters is 12 inch horizontal.
• Contact Writing- sudden contact of fresh ink from a A. Pica (10) B.
paper surface to another. Elite
• Invisible Writing- no visible writing in the paper surface C. Typewriter D.
using sympathetic inks. Betamax
• Charred Document- partly burned document.
56. A document examiner with a good collection of typewriting
48. The process of making out what is illegible or what has samples can often date a typewritten document by the
been effaced. difference in type. This is due to the fact that
A. Comparison B. Collation A. typewriters change in design every year
C. Obliteration D. B. the presence of differing n and m designs between
Decipherment 1936 and 1940
C. the presence of differing m and w designs between
49. Is a light examination in which the source of illumination 1936 and 1940
strikes the surface of the paper from the back or at the bottom, D. typewriters changed between 1936 and 1940
usually designed in identification of water markings?
A. Direct Light B. Side Light 57. The author of a typewritten document can be identified
C. Oblique Light D. Transmitted through
Light

A. his peculiar style of indention, grammar composition, C. God’s hand D. God’s favor
and paragraphing 9. It is one of the ancient practices in detecting deception
B. individual characteristics of the typewriter machine wherein an accuser will fight against the accused in a duel and
C. design and style of the typewriter’s character whoever lost the fight will be adjudged guilty.
D. brand and model of the typewriter A. Red Hot Iron Ordeal B. Rice Chewing
Ordeal
LIE DETECTION AND INTERROGATION C. Balance Ordeal D. Trial By
1. It is the scientific methods of detecting deception done with Combat
the aid of a polygraph machine. • Red Hot Iron Ordeal- the tongue will touch an extremely
A. Lie Detection B. Polygraph hot metal for 9 times.
C. Polygraphy D. Lie • Rice Chewing Ordeal- signs of deception once the rice
Detector is spit dry.
• Balance Ordeal- woman are accused of witchcraft if it
2. He is known as the first man who used the word appears that she has a very light weight.
“Polygraphy”?
A. Francis Galton B. Isaac 10. American psychologist who constructed an instrument in
Newton 1926 which is capable of continuously recording all the three
C. Thomas Jefferson D. Henry Fox phenomena-blood pressure, perspiration and respirations-
Talbot during the entire period of the test.
• Francis Galton- creates the “Word Association Test” A. John A. Larson B. Leonarde
Keeler
3. Who was the first person to develop a polygraph apparatus C. John E. Reid D. Marcelo
that was used in detecting deception? Malpighi
A. John Larson B. Leonarde
Keeler 11. He is the heart specialized who is credited for the invention
C. Angelo Mosso D. Cesare of the “Ink Polygraph”
Lombroso A. Sticker B. Veraguth
• John Larson (1921)- invented the “Breadboard Lie C. James Mackenzie D. Cleve Backster
Detector” • Sticker- study the function of sweat glands to skin
• Leonarde Keeler (1926)- added kymograph in the resistance.
polygraph machine. • Veraguth- used the term Psycho-galvanic skin reflex.
• Angelo Mosso- put emphasis on the importance of fear
in detecting deception. Used the scientific cradle. 12. The use of “truth serums” such as sodium penthothal or
• Cesare Lombroso- Hydrosphymograph phenobarbi in the questioning of suspects is called:
A. Narcoanalysis B. Sugar and
4. It is a principle of polygraphy which says that a polygraph vinegar
is capable of making graphic record consisting of dependable C. The detector test D. Word
information regarding the physiological changes of the body. association method
A. Psychological Leg Basic Premise- happens in the central
nervous system. 13. Intoxication of alcohol used the Latin maxim “In vino,
B. Physiological Leg Basic Premise- physiological changes veritas” as underlying principle. This latin maxim is literally
after the following the stimulation of the Central Nervous translated as ____________.
System. A. there is wine in truth B. In truth, there
C. Mechanical Leg Basic Premise is wine
D. None of these C. there is truth in wine D. In wine, there
is truth
5. It is an act of deceiving or misleading committed by a person
usually accompanied by lying. 14. One of this is a principal use of polygraph instrument;
A. Admission B. Lying A. Invaluable aid in investigation
C. Deception D. B. To determine the facts of the case
Confession C. To determine the guilt or innocence of the subject
D. A very good substitute of the investigation
6. In “polygraph examination”, the term “examination” means
a detection of 15. The polygraph instrument is also known as a lie detector,
A. forgery B. but research clearly shows that it cannot determine or detect
emotion a lying person. What then is the use of polygraph instrument?
C. the mind D. A. To record physiological reactions of the subject.
deception B. To record psychological reactions of the subject.
C. To record and determine the facts of the case based
7. It refers to an emotional response to a specific danger, on the chart taken.
which appears to go beyond a person’s defensive power. D. To record psychogalvanic reflex of the subject.
A. fear B.
stimuli 16. All EXCEPT one is a purpose of polygraph examination.
C. response D. A. to determine truth and deception in the polygraph
reaction examiner’s view
B. to determine truth and deception in a police
8. Ordeal is a term of varying meaning closely related in the investigation
Medieval Latin “Dei Indicum” which means – C. to determine truth and deception based on the
A. Divine intervention B. Miraculous decision presence of emotional disturbances
D. to determine truth and deception for legal matters

D. facts of the case must be prepared prior to the
questioning of the subject to monitor response
17. This component records the changes of breathing of the
subject 26. The following should be taken onto consideration during
A. Cardiosphygmograph B. the pre-test, EXCEPT:
Pnuemograph A. appraisal of the subject's constitutional rights
C. Kymograph D. B. Obtain subject's consent to undergo examination
Galvanograph C. taking history record of the subject
• Cardiosphygmograph- records changes in heart and D. evaluating the psychological preparations of the
pulse beat. subject
• Galvanograph- records changes in skin resistance.
27. This refers to the actual questioning phase of the
18. This is the longest and the second pen of the instrument. polygraph examination.
A. Pneumograph (5-inch) B. A. Pre test B. Preliminary
Galvanograph (7inch) Interview
C. Cardiosphygmograph (5-inch) D. C. Test Execution D. Post test
Kymograph
• Pneumograph- 1st pen and composed of two pens 28. The following are specific rules to be followed in the
(thoracic and abdominal breather) formulation of the questions in a polygraph test except one.
• Galvanograph- 2nd pen. A. Questions must be clear and phrased in a language the
• Cardiosphymograph- 3rd pen. subject can easily understand.
B. Questions must be answerable by yes or no.
19. Cold damp perspiration is a manifestation of shock, fear C. Questions must be as short as possible.
and anxiety. Perspiration means? D. Questions must all be in the form of accusation
A. Breathing B. Pulse beat
C. Sweating D. Heart rate 29. It is conducted after the actual test designed to obtained
confession or admission from the subject.
20. What part of the polygraph instrument that drives the chart A. Post-test Interview/interrogation B. Actual Test
paper at six inches per minute during the test? C. Chart Probing D.
A. Kymograph assembly B. Investigation
Electronic motor drive
C. Chart drive mini-motor D. 30. Refers to the brief confrontation between the subject and
Reactograph drive motor the polygraph examiner done every after taking each chart.
A. Initial Interview B. Pre-Test Interview
21. What is the most important thing to consider in a polygraph C. Chart Probing D. Post-Test Interview
result?
A. the competence of the examiner 31. If the polygraph test result indicates innocence, what
B. the knowledge of the examiner should the examiner do?
C. the training of the examiner A. release the subject cordially
D. the experience of the examiner B. thank the subject for his cooperation
C. ask the subject if he has any questions
22. The primary purpose of pre-test interview. D. all of the above
A. Obtain confession
B. Prepare subject for polygraph test
C. Make the subject calm 32. It is a type of question in which it established the norms of
D. Explain the polygraph test procedures the subject and it pertains to the basic background of the
subject. It only ask questions not related to the matter under
23. Prior to the examination the subject should have at least investigation.
___ hours of sleep.
A. 5 hours B. 12 hours A. Relevant Question B. Irrelevant Question
C. 2 hours D. 3 hours C. Knowledge Question D. Evidence-Connecting
• 12 hours- should avoid taking drugs Question
• 2 hours- stop smoking
33. “Were you in the place of the Mr. Fundador on the night
24. When the subject is highly nervous, what should the of April 27, 2016?” is an example of what question?
examiner do? A. Relevant question B.
A. Reschedule the examination Irrelevant question
B. Prolong the period of the pre-test interview C. Weak relevant question D. Strong
C. Call for a doctor or request for an ambulance relevant question
D. Do not continue with the pre-test and ask the subject
for his available date for reschedule 34. The deviation from normal tracing of the subject in the
relevant question.
25. What is the first step to be done in a pre-test interview? A. Reaction B.
A. ask the subject regarding all information the Normal response
circumstances surrounding the commission of the crime C. Positive response D. Specific
B. examiner tells the nature and characteristics of the response
polygraph examination to the subject
C. you are informed of your rights against self 35. In polygraph examination, what is the standardized chart
incrimination and your right to a counsel marking to begin or start the questioning?

A. B 3. He is considered as the first toxicologist who first developed
B. S a method to detect presence of arsenic.
C. X A. Jean Servais Stas B.
D. C James Marsh
36. If polygraph tracing of a subject indicates that he is C. Socrates D.
truthful, the examiners finding should be: Douglas Lucas
A. Conclusive B. Inconclusive
4. A title for coroners or medical examiners that work closely
C. Negative D. Positive with police. Numerous techniques used here, depending upon
financial resources of a community, but still based around
37. In a polygraph test, what test technique does the examiner autopsy. The expertise involves the medico-legal investigation
used if he utilized padding questions? of sudden, unnatural, unexplained, or violent deaths. What is
A. Peak of tension test B. Stimulation test being described?
C. General question test D. Zone comparison test A. Forensic medicine B. Forensic odontology
• General Question Test- series of relevant and irrelevant C. Forensic pathology D. Medico legal examination
question in a proper order.
5. Mr. X, a forensic chemist, after thorough examination on the
38. Which of the following causes physiological changes in the physical evidence, the forensic chemist submitted the technical
body of the subject? report to the assigned investigator. At what stage of work of
A. Peak of tension test B. the fear of retaliation forensic chemistry best fits the scenario above?
C. Irrelevant question D. Relevant question A. Collection or Reception of Evidence
B. Actual Examination of Specimen
39. It is a type of question in which it is designed to establish C. Communication of results of the Examinations
response from an innocent subject. D. Court Appearance
A. Relevant Question B. Control
Question 6. As a forensic chemist, it is also relevant to seek advice from
C. General Question Test D. Peak of Tension Test someone with years of experience in the field of forensic
40. A list of stimulus and non-stimulus words are read to the chemistry. What golden rule in the practice of forensic
subject who is instructed to answer as quickly as possible. chemistry best describes the statement?
A. Word association test B. Psychological A. Take note and consult others
stress evaluator B. Be Thorough
C. Card test D. C. Avoid Complicated theories
Hypnosis D. Use Imagination
41. Under backster zone comparison test technique, color 7. In the application of chemistry in the solution of crime, it
zones are applied in identifying so many questions used during must be taken into consideration the accuracy of the result
the test. If the color zone for irrelevant question is yellow, what reported using appropriate tools and substances in the analysis
then is the color zone for strong relevant questions? of physical evidence ensuring that all findings will be presented
A. Red B. in the court of law. What golden rule in the practice of forensic
Black (Symptomatic Questions) chemistry best describes the statement?
C. Green D. Orange A. Take note and consult others
B. Be Thorough
42. What are the reasons for the inadmissibility to the court of C. Avoid Complicated theories
the result of lie detector examination? D. Go slowly
1. Polygraph techniques are still in the experimental stage
2. There is no way to assure that a qualified examiner 8. In the application of chemistry in the solution of crime, it
administered the test must be taken into consideration to make a careful and minute
3. The test cannot relied upon because of many errors examination of physical evidence and do not be satisfied with
4. The examination is not scientifically made a qualitative analysis. What golden rule in the practice of
forensic chemistry best describes the statement?
A. 1 only B. 1, 2 and 3 only A. Take note and consult others
C. 1 and 2 only D. 1, 2 and 4 only B. Be Thorough
C. Avoid Complicated theories
FORENSIC CHEMISTRY AND TOXICOLOGY D. Go slowly
1. It is a branch of chemistry which deals with the 9. In the scientific examination of physical evidence, those
application of chemical principles in the solution of problems evidence collected from the crime scene and brought to the
that arise in connection with the administration of justice. crime laboratory are called questioned samples. Which of the
A. Legal Medicine B. Forensic Chemistry following example best describes a questioned sample?
A. A test bullet recovered from the firearm of the lead suspect
C. Analytical Chemistry D. Chemistry
B. Standard signature from the Complainant
2. He is considered as the Father of Forensic Chemistry in C. Fired Bullet embedded in the body of the corpse
which he is credited to have authored the book “
A. Imhotep B. D. Hair Sample from the nearest kin
Mathieu Orfila
C. Anacleto Del Rosario D. Paulus 10. It is a term used to denote an order in which items of
Zacchias evidence have been handled during the investigation of a case.
A. Chain of Command B.
Chain of Custody

C. Integrity of Evidence D. Chain of
Responsibility 19. How many percent is the volume of blood in the human
body?
11. It is an Act to Further Strengthen the Anti-Drug Campaign A. 8-10 % B. 7-8 %
of the Government, Amending for purpose Section 21 of C. 4-5 % D. 5-6 %
Republic Act No. 9165.
A. Republic Act No. 10640 B. Republic Act 20. How many glasses of blood are there in the average human
No. 7624 body?
C. Republic Act No. 9165 D. Republic Act A. 5-10 B. 12-14
No. 6425 C. 10-12 D. 16-18
12. Which of the following is NOT the important factors to 21. A bright red color of blood spurting from the body of a
follow when collecting evidence? victim indicates that the compromised blood vessel is an
A. Allow swabs to dry thoroughly and dry with cold air only artery.
A. True B. False
B. Label each specimen collected with the information such as C. Partly True D. Partly False
date, place, and circumstances of collection
C. All specimen must be packed in a sealed plastic bag 22. One of the characteristics of blood is its viscosity. According
to study, how many times is the thickness of blood than water?
D. Swabs must be used in collecting biological evidence such A. 10x B. 7x
as buccal, oral, skin, and rectal fluids C. 5x D. 11x
23. It is the composition of blood responsible for the
13. In the processing of crime scene, appropriate and distribution of oxygen to all parts of the body which
immediate response in the collection and reception of the characterized as a red pigmented cell.
physical evidence is crucial since fragile evidence deteriorates A. White Blood Cells B. Red Blood Cells
in the passage of time. What principle used in forensic C. Platelets D. Hemoglobin
chemistry best describes the statement?
A. Law of Individuality 24. It is the fluid portion of the blood composed principally of
B. Law of Progressive Change water and other constituents such as proteins, enzyme,
C. Law of Probability nutrients, and glucose.
D. Law of Comparison A. Plasma B. Serum
E. Principle of Analysis C. Fibrin D. Fibrinogen
14. Mr. and Mrs. Iniyot claimed that a 2-year old baby named 25. It is a medical condition in which the number of RBC or the
Cutie Baby is their lost child after an unexpected earthquake amount of hemoglobin are low due to excessive bleeding
happened in a hospital to where the child was delivered. Mr. A. Leukemia B. Auto-Immune Disease
A, a DNA analyst, examine the hair sample of Cutie Baby with C. Anemia D. Vaginismus
that of Mr. and Mrs. Iniyot. The result of the DNA test renders
positive result with a 99.9% probability of paternity and 26. It is a test conducted in a suspected blood at the crime
maternity. What characteristics of tools and techniques does scene to determine the possibility of the presence of blood.
DNA shows in the scenario? This test is also known as color test.
A. Sensitivity B. Rapidity A. Confirmatory Test
C. Exactness D. Specificity B. Presumptive Test
C. Precipitin Test
15. It is a technique used in materials to determine the D. RBO Grouping
crystallographic structure of material commonly used in the
examination of amorphous substance in drugs, explosive
powder, residues from arson and textile fibers. 27. Benzidine test is considered as the most delicate and
A. Spectrograph B. X-ray diffraction presumptive test for blood since it can detect old and new
C. Chromatography D. Atomic Absorption bloodstain. What is the color result of Benzidine Test?
Spectrometry A. Pink B. Blue
C. Red D. Green
16. It is a classification of explosives in which the mixtures of 28. It is known as phenolphthalein test?
chemicals burn rapidly but subsonic. A. Kastle-Mayer Test
A. Low Explosive B. High Explosive B. Leucomalachite Green Test
C. Mechanical Explosive D. Chemical Explosive C. Van Deer’s Test
D. Guaiacum Test
17. It is a test used to determine the presence of lead residues
left by the bullet in an item of evidence particularly around the 29. It is a confirmatory test for the presence of blood with a
bullet hole. micro-chemical characteristics of a large rhombic crystals with
A. Diphenylamine Test B. Paraffin Test salmon color due to detection of hemoglobin in the sample.
C. Griess Test D. Sodium Rhodizonate A. Acetone Haemin test
Test B. Teichmann Test
C. Takayama Test
18. It is a slightly alkaline fluid made up of water, cells D. Electrophoresis
enzymes, proteins and inorganic substances that circulate
throughout the vascular system carrying nourishment, 30. Precipitin test is one of the vital examinations applied in
transporting oxygen and waste. the determination of blood whether it is of human or animal
A. Semen B. Blood origin. Which of the following results of precipitin test indicates
C. Urine D. Saliva

that the blood specimen is of human origin once injected by D. Direction of the elongation of blood as it hits the point of
animal serum? impact
A. Production of visible bright, blue-colored specks around the
skin surface 38. It is a blood spatter resulting from a forceful impact
B. Development of white cloudy precipitate at the middle of between an object and wet blood, causing the blood to break
the specimen into smaller droplets.
C. Appearance of microcrystalline dark brown rhombic prisms A. Single Drop B. Cast-Off Stain
of chloride C. Impact Spatter D. Transfer Bloodstain
D. Development of yellow tint stain
31. According to Peter Adamo’s Blood Type Diet, those 39. The appearance of the bloodstain spatter will vary
individuals who are vegetarian and with ancestors of farmers depending on the velocity of the blood from its source towards
are those people with what blood type? the target. Which of the following best describes a medium
A. Type O B. Type A velocity stain?
C. Type B D. Type AB A. A blood spatter created through a blunt trauma
B. A blood spatter produced from the first blow of a weapon
32. Mr. X, an investigator, found a pool of blood at the crime on a target
scene. When the specimen was subjected to blood grouping C. A blood spatter characterized a mist-like stain
analysis, the blood sample agglutinated with that of serum-A D. None of the above
and serum-B. What do you think is the blood type of the said
specimen? 40. This type of bloodstain pattern result from the discharge
A. Type O B. Type A of pressurized blood onto a target surface, for instance the
C. Type B D. Type AB ejection of blood from a punctured artery.
A. Projected Bloodstain B. Pool Stains
33. This indicates that the individual’s blood type has B antigen C. Transfer Bloodstain D. Expiration
on the surface of the red blood cells and A antibodies in your stains
blood plasma.
A. Type O B. Type A 41. A viscid whitish fluid of the male reproductive tract
C. Type B D. Type AB consisting of spermatozoa suspended in secretion of accessory
gland.
34. The following statements best show the importance of A. Sperm B. Semen
application of blood group data, EXCEPT? C. Prostate Gland D. Urine
A. Determining of whether a man accused of fathering a child
out of wedlock 42. What is the average volume of semen in a normal
B. Determination of whether a child born a married woman ejaculation of a man.
could or could not have been fathered by her legal spouse A. 1-2 ML B. 2-5 ML
C. Determination of whether a child who has been lost and C. 6-10 ML D. 7-8 ML
later recovered after being 43. An investigator found a suspected seminal fluid at the
D. Determination of the blood type of an offender to consider crime scene. The sample was subjected to microscopic
as conclusive evidence once presented to the court examination and no spermatozoa were found at the specimen.
Will that automatically render the specimen inconclusive to be
35. Mr. A is married to Mrs. B. Mr. A has a blood group of Type considered as a semen?
A while his spouse has a blood group of Type AB. The female A. Yes, because a man cannot produce semen without
spouse conceived a child and found out that the infant has a spermatozoa
blood type O. Is it correct to say that the married couple is B. No, because the absence of spermatozoa does not mean
NOT the biological parent of the child? that the specimen is not a semen
A. No, because blood type is not one of the basis of paternity C. Yes, semen and spermatozoa must be produced together
B. Yes, because the DNA of blood is conclusive in determining D. No, because there are certain individuals who can choose
parentage to release semen with or without sperm cells
C. Yes, because it is impossible for a blood type A and type AB
parent to conceive a blood type O child. 44. It is the part of the spermatozoa responsible for its flagella
D. No, because blood typing is only being considered for blood consisting of mitochondria.
transfusion A. Head B. Tail
C. Midpiece D.
36. It pertains to the physical, geometric image created by Yamite
blood contacting a surface or by a surface contacting blood. 45. It is a test for semen which results to a microcrystalline
A. Blood Spatter Analysis samples of slender yellow tinted rhomboid needle shape of
B. Blood Spatter spermine picrate.
C. Bloody Shit A. Florence Test
D. Single Blood Spatter B. Acid Phosphatase Enzyme Test
C. Barberio’s Test
37. A blood spatter analyst examines the size, shape, D. Alternative Acid Phosphatase Test
distribution and location of the bloodstain to form opinions
about what did or did not happen in crime scene. As a blood 46. The following are the physical examination of dried seminal
spatter analyst, which of the following scenario is not one of stain found on a fabric, EXCEPT:
the description of blood spatter analysist? A. Movement of minute spermatozoa under the microscope
A. Straight linear bloodstain on the ceiling of the crime scene
B. Dark brown stain on the wall indicating that the bloodshed B. Exhibiting color fluorescence under UV Light
occurred 12 hours ago C. Appearance of a contour map along the suspected surface
C. Analysis of the diameter of the parent spatter

D. A dry and starchy texture on the surface of the suspected 58. It is the type of glass fracture having the appearance of
fabric circles around the point of impact connecting one radiating
47. One of the physical examinations of semen is the use of crack to the other.
light process to the suspected surface. The use of Ultraviolet A. Radial Fracture B. Concentric Fracture
examinations to the suspected seminal stain will exhibit what C. Point of Impact D. Pressure
fluorescence?
A. Yellowish Green 59. PCpl Tolong Ges responds to a shooting. He was informed
B. Purple Red that a shot has been fired through the glass windowpane. In
C. Dark brown such an instance, he would be most likely to find on the side
D. Bright Blue of the windowpane where the shot exited the windowpane all
48. It is the secretion of the mouth that is important in the following, EXCEPT
digestion and comprise of cells and secretions from salivary A. a crater formed B. flaking of glass
and parotid glands. C. concentric circles D. radial fractures
A. Sweat B. Saliva
C. Urine D. Blood 60. It is a branch of science that defines the nature, effects
and detection of substance that is present to a specific matter.
49. Starch-iodine test is one of the presumptive tests used to A. Clinical Toxicology B. Posology
determine the presence of saliva in the crime scene. If the C. Forensic Chemistry D. Toxicology
amylase in starch reacts strongly with iodine, it will result to
what color? 61. A harmful compound that is usually produced by living cells
A. Dark Blue Complex or organisms and can cause disease or harm when introduced
B. Reddish Purple Color into the body’s tissue.
C. Yellow Stain A. Poison B. Vaccine
D. Brownish Pigment C. Venom D. Toxin
50. The word DNA stand for? 62. Types of poisoning produced by a single massive dose.
A. Deoxyribonuclues Acid Death occurs very rapidly without showing any signs and
B. Deoxyrebonuclie Acid symptoms
C. Deoxyribonucleic Acid A. Subacute Poisoning
D. Deoxydizebonuclei Acid B. Hyperacute Poisoning
C. Chronic Poisoning
51. It is the specialized outgrowth of the skin which occur D. Acute Poisoning
everywhere on the human body except on the palm of the
hand and sole of the foot. 63. Any substance capable of producing cancer in living tissues
A. Mole B. Dust A. Carcinogen B. Arsenic
C. Hair D. Booger C. Antidote D. Corrosive
52. Which of the following that can be described as coarse,
wiry, with constriction and twists and has many broken ends? 64. A dead body is found in a parked car with the motor still
A. Trunk hair C. Axillary hair running and the windows closed. Carbon monoxide is
B. Pubic hair D. Hair in the penis or suspected as contributing to the death. Such suspicions would
vulva be strengthened if the skin of the deceased was found to be –
53. It is the most distinct part of the hair which is located at
the top portion of the skin. A. a dark brown color
A. Root B. Shaft B. a cherry red color
C. Tip D. Cuticle C. a bruised black and blue appearance
D. a chalky white color
54. It is the outer layer of the hair shaft responsible in the “There is no reason to quit. Remember, you have never come
shiny appearance of the hair. this far in life just to give up. Kick that ass of yours and hustle
A. Cuticle B. Medulla up!”
C. Cortex D. Core
- Prof. Chervin Navilla
55. Which of the following statements is not true about the
difference of animal and human hair?
A. Medulla in the human hair is smaller while it is thicker in
animals
B. The medullary index of human is greater than one-third than
that of animal
C. Pigmentation in animal hair is denser than human hair
D. Animal hair can change colors in banded patterns; human
hair cannot
56. The word textile fiber derived from the French word,
“textere” means;
A. To suck B. To weave
C. To silk D. To shave
57. What is the main ingredient of glass?

A. Silica B. Boric Acid
C. Boric Oxide D. Phosphorous Pentoxide

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APRIL2023 FINAL COACHING ON FORENSIC SCIENCE

Prepared by: Prof. Chervin Loewe B. Navilla, RCrim

PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION 7. It is generally considered most reliable personal

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57. What is the main ingredient of glass?

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