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Mic Final45
Mic Final45
SUBMITTED BY
AND
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION, MUMBAI
Place:Chh.Sambhajinagar
Date:
PRINCIPAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our thanks to the people who have helped us most
throughout our project. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the principal of
CSMSS College of Polytechnic Dr. Ganesh B. Dongre for being always with us as a
motivator. We are thankful to the H.O.D of Computer Engineering Department
Mrs.R.S.Pophale for her kind support.We are grateful to our Project Guide
Ms.M.G.Jadhav for nonstop support and continuous motivation for the project. Her
help made us possible to complete our project with all accurate information. A special
thanks of our goes to our friends who helped us in completing the project, where they
all exchanged their own interesting ideas. We wish to thanks our parents for their
personal support or attention who inspired us to go our own way. Finally, we would
like to thank God whomade all things possible for us till the end.
2 Rationale 3
5 Literature Review 5
8 Application Of Micro-project 13
1. MICRO – PROJECTPROPOSAL
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5.0 RESOURCES REQUIRED:
Approved by,
Ms.M.G.Jadhav
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2. RATIONALE
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3. AIMS / BENEFITS OF THE MICROPROJECT
To get information about how to use instructions and directives in the program.
Benefits of project:
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4. LITERATURE REVIEW
Factorial of a whole number 'n' is defined as the product of that number with every whole number
till 1. For example, the factorial of 4 is 4×3×2×1, which is equal to 24. It is represented using the
symbol '!' So, 24 is the value of 4! .
1) Directives:
a. DB (Define Byte):
The directive DB is used to define byte type variable. It can be used to
define single or multiple byte variables.
General form:-
Name of_ variable DB Initialization value
Ex:- NUM1 DB 10: Allot one memory
location.
NAME DB ‘VIJAY’: Allot five memory locations.
b. ASSUME:
The directive ASSUME informs the assembler the name of logical segment
that should be used for a specified segment.
General form:-
ASSUME Seg _reg : Seg _name,…..Seg reg : Seg _name.
Where ASSUME is a assembler directive and Seg reg is any one of the segment register
i.e., DS, ES, SS, Sc _name is the name of the user defined segment and must be any
valid symbol except reserve keywords.
Ex: - ASSUME DS: My_ data, CS: My _code.
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c. .CODE (Simplified Code Segment)
This simplified segment directive defines the code segment. All executable
code must be place in this segment.
General form: -
.code
e. .MODEL
This simplified segment directive creates default
segments. General form: -
.model memory models.
Memory models are:
1) TINY: Used for .com program.
2) SMALL: All data in one segment and all code in one segment.
3) MEDIUM: Data in more than one segment but code in one segment.
4) LARGE: Both data and code in more than one segment.
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2) Instructions:
a. Mov Destination , Source
This data transfer instruction transfer data from source to destination. Source may be
register, memory location or immediate data. Destination may be register or memory
location. It can’t be immediate data.
operation: - Destination, Source
Ex: -
MOV AL, [SI]
b. MUL Source
This instruction multiplies and unsigned bytes from the source with an and unsigned
byte in the AL register or an unsigned word from the source with an and unsigned
word in the AX register.
When a byte is multiplied with the byte in Al then result is stored in AX register
because the result of multiplication of two 8 bit number can be as long as 16 bit.
When a word is multiplied with a word in AX then MSW the result in stored in DX
and MSW of result in AX register because result of multiplication of two 16 bit
number that is word can be as large as 32 bit .
Operation:
If source is byte:
a.AX AL unsigned
*8bitsource If source is word:
a. DX:AX AX unsigned * 16 bit Source
EX: -
MUL CX
MUL BL
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d. Loop Instruction
The LOOP instruction executes the group of instructions a number of times and it uses
relative addressing mode. The number of iterations will depend on the condition to be satisfied.
The CX register will perform the LOOP operation on the instructions to be iterated.
e. HLT Instruction :
The HLT instruction will cause the 8086 to stop fetching and executing instructions. The 8086
will enter a halt state. The only ways to get the processor out of the halt state are with an interrupt
signal on the INTR pin, an interrupt signal on the NMI pin, or a reset signal on the RESET input.
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Assembly language program development tools:
a. Editor:
Editor is a program which helps to construct assembly language program in a right format
so that assembler will translate it correctly to a machine language. This form of program
is called as a source program.
Ex: - EDIT, WORDSTAR, NORTAN EDITOR, ASSEMBLER.
b. Assembler:
Assembler is a program that translates assembly language program to the correct binary code
i.e. machine code for each instruction and generate the file called as object file with
extension .obj.
Ex: - Turbo assembler (TASM), Microsoft assembler (MASM).
c. Linker:
Linker is a program which combines frequested, more than on separately
assembled module into one executable program and also generate .exe
module. Ex: - TLINK (Turbo Linker), MLINK (Microsoft Linker).
d. Debugger:
Debugger is a program that allows the execution of a program in a single step mode
under the control of user. The process of locating and correcting error using debugger is
known as Debugging.
Ex: - DOS DEBUG COMMAND, TD (Turbo Debugger), MV (Microsoft Debugger).
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5.PROCEDUREFOLLOWED
1.
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6. OUTPUT OF MICROPROJECT
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7. SKILL DEVELOPED / LEARNING OUTCOMES OF MICRO PROJECT
1. Communication
2. Leadership
3. Team management
4. Negotiation
5. Personal organization
6. Risk management
7. Critical thinking
8. Task management
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8. APPLICATIONS OF MICRO – PROJECT