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Triangles
Triangles
Triangles
CHAPTER 6
Tr iangles
ab (b) ac
ONE MARK QUESTION (a)
a+b b+c
(c) bc (d) ac
b+c a+c
Multiple Choice Question Ans :
Thus KN = NP
KM ML
c = x & x = ac
b+c a b+c
Thus (b) is correct option.
Since, DE z BC We have AB = BC = CA = 2p
AD = AE and AD = BC
DB EC
1.5 = 1 & EC = 2 cm
3 EC
Thus (c) is correct option.
AD2 = 3p
Thus (b) is correct option.
Chap 6 Triangles
4. Which of the following statement is false? (c) AQ2 + CP2 = AC2 + PQ2
(d) AQ + CP = 1 ^AC + PQ h
(a) All isosceles triangles are similar.
(b) All quadrilateral are similar. 2
Ans :
(c) All circles are similar.
In right angled TABQ and TCPB ,
(d) None of the above
CP2 = CB2 + BP2
Ans :
Isosceles triangle is a triangle in which two side of and AQ2 = AB2 + BQ2
equal length. Thus two isosceles triangles may not be
similar. Hence statement given in option (a) is false.
Thus (a) is correct option.
BD = 169 m = 13 m
Hence, distance between their tops is 13 m.
Thus (c) is correct option.
15. All similar figures need not be .......... 25. TABC is an equilateral triangle of side 2a , then
Ans : length of one of its altitude is ................... .
Ans : [Board 2020 Delhi Standard]
congruent
TABC is an equilateral triangle as shown below, in
16. All circles are .......... which AD = BC .
Ans :
similar
in the same ratio. Let AB be the height of the window above the ground
and BC be a ladder.
Page 156 Triangles Chap 6
We have AB = 6 3 cm,
AC = 12 cm and
BC = 6 cm
Now AB2 = 36 # 3 = 108
31. In Figure, DE || BC . Find the length of side AD , given
AC2 = 144
that AE = 1.8 cm, BD = 7.2 cm and CE = 5.4 cm .
and BC2 = 36
In can be easily observed that above values satisfy
Pythagoras theorem,
AB2 + BC2 = AC 2
108 + 36 = 144 cm
Thus +B = 90c
Thus QB = 3 cm
x2 + 5x = x2 + 4x + 3
x =3
In this figure we have
33. In the given figure, if +A = 90º, +B = 90º, OB = 4.5
cm OA = 6 cm and AP = 4 cm then find QB. AX = 3 , AY = 5 and YC = 9
XB 4
Now AX = 3 and AY = 5
XB 4 YC 9
Since AX =
Y AY
XB YC
KP = KQ
PM KN − KQ
4 = KQ
13 20.4 − KQ
KQ = 20.4 # 4 = 4.8 cm
17
EF = 2 # 8 = 16 cm
36. In given figure DE || BC. If AD = 3c, DB = 4c cm 38. Are two triangles with equal corresponding sides
and AE = 6 cm then find EC. always similar?
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
OR
In the figure of TABC, DE || AB. If AD = 2x,
DC = x + 3, BE = 2x − 1 and CE = x, then find the
value of x.
We have CD = CE
AD BE
x+3 = x
2x 2x − 1
5x = 3 or, x = 3
Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
5
Alternative Method :
Since ABC is an isosceles triangle right angled at C ,
In ABC, DE || AB , thus
AC = BC = 4 cm
CD = CE
+C = 90c CA CB
Using Pythagoras theorem in TABC we have,
CD = CE
AB2 = BC2 + AC2 CA - CD CB − CE
= 42 + 42 = 16 + 16 = 32
CD = CE
AD BE
AB = 4 2 cm.
x+3 = x
2x 2x − 1
41. In the figure of TABC, the points D and E are on
Page 160 Triangles Chap 6
z = 8 # 3 and y = 4 3 # 6
6 8
z = 4 and y = 3 3
Thus y+z = 3 3 +4
27 = h2 + 27
4
h2 = 27 − 27 = 81
4 4
h = 9 = 4.5 cm
2
Now BD = BC = 24 = 12 cm
2 2
AB = 24 cm
AD = AB2 − BD2
43. In the given figure, TABC ~TPQR. Find the value
= ^24h2 − ^12h2
of y + z.
= 576 − 144
= 432 = 12 3
Thus AD = 12 3 cm.
We have AD2 = BD # CD
AD = BD
CD AD
= 100 = 10 cm
We have PS = 3
SQ 5
Now +PKR = 90º
PS = 3
Thus PK = 102 − 82 = 100 − 64 PS + SQ 3+5
= 36 = 6 cm
PS = 3
PQ 8
We also have, ST || QR , thus by BPT we get
48. In the given figure, G is the mid-point of the side PQ
of TPQR and GH || QR. Prove that H is the mid- PS = PT
point of the side PR or the triangle PQR. PQ PR
PT = PS # PR
PQ
= 3 # 28 = 10.5 cm
8
50. In the given figure, +A = +B and AD = BE. Show
that DE || AB.
We also have GH || QR , thus by BPT we get Ans : [Board Term-1, 2012, set-63]
PG = PH In TCAB, we have
GQ HR
+A = +B (1)
1 = PH
HR By isosceles triangle property we have
By converse of BPT,
DE || AB. Hence Proved
=
4
PR − 4
PR - 4 = 8 & PR = 12 cm
In right TPQR we have
QR2 = PR2 − PQ2
= 122 − 62 = 144 − 36 = 108
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
Thus QR = 6 3 cm
From given figures,
PQ 56. ABC is a right triangle right angled at C. Let BC = a,
= 4.2 = 1 ,
ZY 8.4 2 CA = b, AB = c PQR, ST | | QR and p be the length of
perpendicular from C to AB . Prove that cp = ab .
PR = 3 3 = 1
ZX 6 3 2
QR
and = 7 =1
YX 14 2
QP QR
Thus = PR =
ZY ZX YX
= 1 # AB # CD = 1 cp
Due to vertical opposite angle,
2 2
+EGQ = +FGS
Also,Area of TABC = 1 # BC # AC = 1 ab Due to alternate angle,
2 2
1 cp = 1 ab +EQG = +FSG
Thus
2 2
Thus by AA similarity we have
cp = ab Proved
TGEQ ~GFS
57. In an equilateral triangle ABC, AD is drawn EQ GQ
perpendicular to BC meeting BC in D. Prove that =
FS GS
AD2 = 3BD2 .
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012] EQ # GS = GQ # FS
In TABD, from Pythagoras theorem, 59. A man steadily goes 10 m due east and then 24 m
due north.
(1) Find the distance from the starting point.
(2) Which mathematical concept is used in this prob-
lem?
Ans :
(1) Let the initial position of the man be at O and
his final position be B. The man goes to 10 m due
east and then 24 m due north. Therefore, TAOB is
a right triangle right angled at A such that OA = 10
m and AB = 24 m. We have shown this condition in
figure below.
^2BD h2 = AD + BD
2 2
or, OB = 676 = 26 m
Hence, the man is at a distance of 26 m from the
starting point.
(2) Pythagoras Theorem
+A = +C and +B = +D. 3x - 10 = 2x − 3
3x - 2x = 10 − 3 & x = 7
Thus x = 7 .
We have OA # OB = OC # OD
OA = OC
OD OB
x2 − 2x + 5x − 10 = x2 + 3x − x − 3 PC = 15 # 20 = 25 cm
12
x2 + 3x − 10 = x2 + 2x − 3
Chap 6 Triangles Page 167
Thus PC = PR
CQ BR
25 = 15
15 BR
BR = 15 # 15 = 9 cm
25
AP # PC = BP # PD Hence Proved
We have DE z BC
By BPT, AD = AE
DB EC
2.4 = AE
AB - AD AC − AE
2.4 = AE Ans : [Board 2020 SQP Standard]
3.2 - 2.4 8 − AE
2.4 = AE In TABC and TACD we have
0.8 8 − AE +ACB = +CDA [given]
Now AB = AC
64. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on AC AD
the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side
of BC . If AC and BD intersect at P , prove that AC2 = AB # AD
AP # PC = BP # DP .
62 = AB # 3
Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
3 = AE
Here AB = 24 m 8 − AE
CB = 25 m 3 AE
=
1+3 8 − AE + AE
and +CAB = 90c
By Pythagoras Theorem, 3 AE
4 = 8 & AE = 6 cm
CB2 = AB2 + CA2
or, CA2 = CB2 − AB2 69. Two right triangles ABC and DBC are drawn on
the same hypotenuse BC and on the same side
= 232 − 242
of BC . If AC and BD intersect at P , prove that
Chap 6 Triangles
AP # PC = BP # DP . 62 = AB # 3
Ans : [Board 2019 OD]
AB = 36 = 12 cm
Let TABC , and TDBC be right angled at A and D 3
respectively. 71. If P and Q are the points on side CA and CB
As per given information in question we have drawn respectively of TABC , right angled at C , prove that
the figure given below. ^AQ2 + BP2h = ^AB2 + PQ2h
70. In the given figure, if +ACB = +CDA , AC = 6 cm = ^AC 2 + CB2h + ^PC 2 + CQ2h
and AD = 3 cm, then find the length of AB .
Thus AQ2 + BP2 = AB2 + PQ2 Hence Proved
Thus AB = BC = AC Here AB = 24 m
AC CD AD
CB = 25 m
Now AB = AC
AC AD and +CAB = 90c
By Pythagoras Theorem,
AC2 = AB # AD
Triangles Chap 6
= 252 − 242
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
= 625 − 576 = 49
Thus CA = 7 m
Hence, the distance of the foot of ladder from the
building is 7 m.
Now b =c
p a
1 = c
p ab
By Pythagoras theorem, 1 = c2
p2 a2 b2
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
1 = a2 + b2 (c2 = a2 + b2)
2 2 2
= a + a = 2a
p2 a2 b2
AC = 2a 1 = 1 +1 Hence Proved
Area of equilateral triangle 3 BCE , p2 a2 b2
76. In TABC, DE | | BC. If AD = x + 2, DB = 3x + 16,
area (T BCE) = 3 a2
4 AE = x and EC = 3x + 5, them find x.
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Area of equilateral triangle 3 ACF ,
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
area (3 ACF) = 3 ( 2 a) 2 = 3 a 2 below.
4 2
area (TACF)
Now, =2
area (TBCE)
= 2AD2 + 2 b 1 BC l
2
DE || BC ( BD = 12 BC )
2
By BPT we have
AD = AE = 2AD2 + 1 BC2
Hence Proves
2
DB EC
x+2 = x
3x + 16 x3 + 5
that AB2 + AC2 = 2AD2 + 1 BC2 . As per given condition we have drawn the figure
2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] below.
In TADC, AE = AO
ED CO
EO || DC (Converse of BPT)
Ans : [Board Term-1 2016]
EO || AB (Construction)
We have BD = CD = BC AB || DC
2
Thus in quadrilateral ABCD we have
BC = 2BD
Using Pythagoras theorem in the right TABC, we AB AB CD
have
Thus ABCD is a trapezium. Hence Proved
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
81. In the given figure, P and Q are the points on the
= AB2 + (2BD)
sides AB and AC respectively of TABC, such that
= AB2 + 4BD2
AP = 3.5 cm, PB = 7 cm, AQ = 3 cm and QC = 6 cm.
If PQ = 4.5 cm, find BC.
= ^AB2 + BD2h + 3BD2
AC2 = AD2 + 3CD2
AQ +A = +D (Corresponding angles)
and =3=1
AC 9 3
2+1 = 2+2
In TABC, AP = AQ and +A is common.
AB AC Also +B = +E (Corresponding angles)
AP = AB Hence Proved
Thus due to SAS we have DQ DE
TAPQ ~TABC
(2) Since TABC ~TDEF
AP = PQ
AB BC +A = +D
1 = 4.5 and +C = +F
3 BC
2+3 = 2+4
BC = 13.5 cm. +3 = +4
By AA similarity we have
TCAP ~TFDQ
AB2 - AC2 = b 3 BC l − b 1 BC l
2 2
4 4
2
= 9 BC2 − 1 BC2 = BC
16 16 2
= 5BC2
Hence Proved
91. In the given figure, DE || AC and DF || AE. Prove Due to vertically opposite angles,
that BE = BE . +BAC = +PAQ
FE EC
Due to AA similarity,
TABC ~TAQP
AB = BC = AC
AQ QP AP
6.5 = 8 = AC
AQ 4 AP
AQ = 6.5 = 3.25 cm
2
In TABC, DE || AC, (Given) 93. In the given figure, find the value of x in terms of a, b
and c.
By BPT BD = BE ...(1)
DA EC
By BPT BD = BF ...(2)
DA FE
x = ac
b+c
In right TADC,
AC2 = AD2 + CD2 ...(1)
In right TADB, Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
By BPT BD = BE ...(1)
DA EC
In TABL, DC || AL
By BPT BD = BC ...(2)
DA CL
Here P is any point in the interior of rectangle ABCD.
From equations (1) and (2), We have drawn a line MN through point P and
BE = BC parallel to AB and CD .
EC CL We have to prove PA2 + PC2 = PB2 + PD2
Chap 6 Triangles Page 179
100.In Figure, if TABC + TDEF and their sides of 101.In Figure , +ACB = 90c and CD = AB , prove that
lengths (in cm) are marked along them, then find the CD2 = BD # AD .
lengths of sides of each triangle.
BD # 2AD = 2CD2
CD2 = BD # AD Hence Proved
Thus AF = AD
CF BE
105.In the right triangle, B is a point on AC such
that AB + AD = BC + CD. If AB = x, BC = h and
CD = d, then find x (in term of h and d).
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
Ans :
We have redrawn the given figure as below. Here
CG || FD .
We have AB + AD = BC + CD
AD = BC + CD − AB
We have +BED = +BDE AD = h + d − x
Since E is mid-point of BC , In right TACD, we have
^h + d − x h2 = ^x + h h2 + d
2
In TBCG , DE || FG
^h + d − x h2 − ^x + h h2 = d
2
From (1) we have
BD = BE = 1 ^h + d − x − x − h h^h + d − x + x + h h = d
2
DG EC
^d − 2x h^2h + d h = d
2
BD = DG = EC = BE
2hd + d2 − 4hx − 2xd = d2
In TADF, CG || FD
2hd = 4hx + 2xd
AG = AC
= 2 ^2h + d h x
By BPT
GD CF
Chap 6 Triangles Page 183
or, x = hd
2h + d
106.In TABC, AD is a median and O is any point on AD.
BO and CO on producing meet AC and AB at E
and F respectively. Now AD is produced to X such
that OD = DX as shown in figure.
Prove that :
(1) EF || BC
(2) AO : AX = AF : AB 107. ABCD is a rhombus whose diagonal AC makes an
angle α with AB. If cos α = 23 and OB = 3 cm, find
the length of its diagonals AC and BD .
AF = AE 9x2 = 4x2 + 9
FB EC 5x2 = 9
By converse of BPT we have 9 = 3
x =
5 5
EF || BC
Hence, OA = 2x = 2 c 3 m = 6 cm
From (1) we get OX = FB 5 5
OA AF
OX + OA = FB + AF and AB = 3x = 3 c 3 m = 9 cm
OA AF 5 5
AX = AB Diagonal BD = 2 # OB = 2 # 3 = 6 cm
OA AF
and AC = 2AO
AO = AF
AX AB = 2 # 6 = 12 cm
5 5
Thus AO : AX = AF : AB Hence Proved
Page 184 Triangles Chap 6
Similarly, in TABC , EQ || AC
Page 186 Triangles Chap 6
BQ BC2 = CE # AC ...(2)
= AD ...(3)
QC BD
Adding equation (1) and (2) we have
From (1) and (3), we have
AB2 + BC2 = AE # AC + CE # AC
AP = BQ
PC QC = AC (AE + CE)
By converse of BPT, = AC # AC
PQ || AB Hence Proved Thus AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Hence proved
(2) As per given condition we have drawn the figure
113.Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
below. Here ABCD is a rhombus.
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two
sides. [Board 2020 Delhi Basic, 2019 Delhi, 2018]
o
Prove that in a right triangle, the square of the
hypotenuse is equal to sum of squares of other two
sides. Using the above result, prove that, in rhombus
ABCD, 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 .
Ans : [Board Term -2 SQP 2017, 2015]
AO = OC = 1 AC
2
and BO = OD = 1 BD
2
AC = BD
Since diagonal of rhombus bisect each other at right
angle,
+AOB = 90º
AB2 = OA2 + OB2
In TAEB and TABC +A common and
= b AC l + b BD l
2 2
+E = +B (each 90º) 2 2
2 2
By AA similarity we have = AC + BD
4 4
TAEB ~TABC
or 4AB2 = AC2 + BD2 Hence proved
AE = AB
AB AC 114.Vertical angles of two isosceles triangles are equal. If
2
AB = AE # AC their areas are in the ratio 16 : 25, then find the ratio
Chap 6 Triangles Page 187
of their altitudes drawn from vertex to the opposite 115.In the figure, ABC is a right triangle, right angled at
side. B. AD and CE are two medians drawn from A and
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015] C respectively. If AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 2 5 cm, find
the length of CE.
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
+B = 180º − x ...(1)
2
Now, in TPQR ,
+P + +Q + +R = 180º (+Q = +R )
x2 + +Q + +Q = 180º
2+Q = 180º − x Here in TABC, +B = 90º , AD and CE are two
medians.
+Q = 180º − x
2 Also we have AC = 5 cm and AD = 3 5
.
2
In TABC and TPQR,
By Pythagoras theorem we get
+A = +P [Given]
AC2 = AB2 + BC2 = ^5 h2 = 25 ...(1)
+B = +Q [From eq. (1) and (2)]
In TABD, AD2 = AB2 + BD2
Due to AA similarity,
2
c 2 m = AB + 4
3 5 2 BC2
TABC ~TPQR
ar ^TABC h 2
= AD2 45 = AB2 + BC2
ar ^TPQRh
Now ...(2)
PE 4 4
16 = AD2 2
BC2 = 55 ...(4)
3 Now in TADE,
From equation (2) we have area ^TADE h = 1 # AD # EM ...(4)
2
AB + 55 = 45
2
and in TDEB,
12 4
area ^TDEB h = 1 # EM # BD ...(5)
AB2 = 45 − 55 = 20 2
4 12 3
Dividing eqn. (4) by eqn. (5),
From equation (3) we get
area ^TADE h 1
# AD # EM
CE2 = 55 + 20 = 240 = 20 area ^TDEB h
= 2
1
3 3#4 12 2 # BD # EM
area ^TADE h
Thus CE = 20 = 2 5 cm. = AD
area ^TDEB h
or, ...(6)
BD
Since TDEB and TDEC lie on the same base DE
and between two parallel lines DE and BC.
area ^TDEB h = area ^TDEC h
From equation (3) we have
116.If a line drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to area ^TADE h
= AE
area ^TDEB h
intersect the other two sides in distinct points, the ...(7)
CE
other two sides are divided in the same ratio. Prove it.
Ans : [Board 2019 OD, SQP 2020 STD, 2012] From equations (6) and (7) we get
In TADE,
, EG = BE ...(1)
CD BC
As, BE = 4
EC 3
BE = 4 =4
BE + EC 4+3 7
BE = 4 ...(2)
BC 7
FG = 3 By SAS congruency
AB 7
TABD , TEDC
FG = 3 AB ...(4) AB = CE (By CPCT)
7
Similarly, PQ = RN and +A = +2
:AD = 7 = BC & BC = 7 = DA D
AF 4 BE EC 3 DE
AB = AD = AC (Given)
PQ PM PR
Adding equation (3) and (4) we have
CE = 2AD = AC
EG + FG = 4 DC + 3 AB ,
RN 2PM PR
7 7
CE = AE = AC
EF = 4 # ^2AB h + 3 AB RN PN PR
7 7
By SSS similarity, we have
= 8 AB + 3 AB = 11 AB
7 7 7
TAEC ~TPNR
7EF = 11AB Hence proved.
+3 = +4
118.Sides AB and AC and median AD of a triangle ABC +1 = +2
are respectively proportional to sides PQ and PR
and median PM of another triangle PQR. Show that +1 + +3 = +2 + +4
TABC~TPQR.
By SAS similarity, we have
Ans : [Board Term-1 2012]
TABC ~TPQR Hence Proved
It is given that in TABC and TPQR, AD and PM
Page 190 Triangles Chap 6
119.In TABC, AD = BC and point D lies on BC such divide these sides in the ratio 2 : 1.
that 2DB = 3CD. Prove that 5AB2 = 5AC2 + BC2 .
Prove that : 9AQ2 = 9AC2 + 4BC2
Ans : [Board Term-1 2015]
9BP2 = 9BC2 + 4AC2
It is given in a triangle TABC, AD = BC and point
D lies on BC such that 2DB = 3CD. 9 ^AQ2 + BP2h = 13AB2
As per given condition we have drawn the figure Ans :
below.
As per given condition we have drawn the figure
below.
below.
2 ^AB2 + AC2h = 4AD2 + BC2 ...(1)
Similarly by taking BE and CF as medians,
2 ^AB2 + BC2h = 4BE2 + AC2 ...(2)
and 2 ^AC2 + BC2h = 4CF2 + AB2 ...(3)
Adding, (1), (2) and (iii), we get
3 ^AB2 + BC2 + AC2h = 4 ^AD2 + BE2 + CF2h
Hence proved
3y
x = 6− Hence proved.
4
From TPQR
In TADB, by Pythagoras theorem
PQ2 + QR2 = PR2
2 2 2
AB = AD + BD ...(1)
4A2 + b2 = PR2
In TADC, By Pythagoras theorem, b2
PR = 4A2 + b 4
AC2 = AD2 + CD2
b2
= AD2 + ^BC + BD h2
Equation (2) becomes
= AD2 + BC2 + 2BC # BD + BD2
NQ
2A =
= ^AD2 + BD2h + 2BC # BD
b # PR b
AD2 = AB2 + b 1 BC l − 2 b BC lb BC l
2
3 2 3
2 2
= AB2 + AB − AB = 7 AB2
9 3 9