CHALLENGE SET 1

1 Show how to construct a regular hexagon using a compass, ruler and pencil.
2 A circular target has diameter 1 m. A smaller
circle is placed within the target. What should
be the diameter of the smaller circle if a complete
novice can expect to hit the inner circle as often
?
as he or she hits the outer circle?

1m

3 In a multiple choice test there are 20 questions. A correct answer to a question earns 2
marks and an incorrect answer results in a deduction of 1 mark. Sarah achieved a mark
of 19. How many questions did she get right?
4 Find a and b given that ab £ ba = 800 and that a and b are integers.
5 [AB] is a tangent to the inner circle and is a chord
of the larger circle. If [AB] is 6 m long, find the
area of the shaded annulus.
O

A B

6 Show that when a 2-digit number is added to the 2-digit number obtained by reversing
the digits of the original number, the result is divisible by 11.
Hint: A number with digit form “ab” can be written algebraically as 10a + b.
7 Towns X and Y are 90 km apart. Ross runs from X to Y at a uniform speed of 11 km h¡1 .
Peter leaves at a different time and runs from Y to X at a uniform speed of 12 km h¡1 .
When they meet they observe that they have both been running for an exact number of
hours. Where did they meet?
p p p p
8 a Find 3 + 2 2 £ 3 ¡ 2 2 without using your calculator.
b Check your result using your calculator.
p p p p
c Consider X = 3 + 2 2 ¡ 3 ¡ 2 2: Find X 2 without using your calculator.
p p p p
d Find the value of 3 + 2 2 ¡ 3 ¡ 2 2 without using a calculator.
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\002IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:08 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 2
1 To what index must we raise 1:1 in order to obtain an answer of at least 10?
2 What is the last digit of the number 31998 ?
3 Find x:

x cm
20 cm 2 5 cm
10 cm 2
15 cm 2

4 4 litres of 8% cordial mix are added to 6 litres of 5% cordial mix. What is the percentage
of cordial in the final mixture?
5 If only motion to the right is permitted,
how many different paths can be taken
A B from A to B?

6 A pentagon has 5 diagonals.

a How many diagonals has a hexagon?
b How many diagonals has an octagon?
c How many diagonals has an n-gon?

7 A motorcyclist and a cyclist travel from A to B and leave simultaneously from A at 12

noon. The motorcyclist arrives at B after 1 12 hours and the cyclist arrives 30 minutes
later. At what time was the cyclist twice as far from B as the motorcyclist was?
8 Show that n3 ¡ n is always divisible by 6 for any integer n.
Hint: Fully factorise n3 ¡ n:
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\003IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:16 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 3

1 Place integers in the circles so that the number 10

in each square is the sum of the circled numbers
adjacent to that square. 14 20

24

p
2 A Show that b = a 3:
b

B D
a C

3 a Simplify (n + 1)2 ¡ n2 :
b Two consecutive squares differ by 71. What is the smaller of the two squares?

4 307DAQ is a typical Australian alphanumeric registration plate for a motor

vehicle.
How many different registration plates could be produced with:
a three numbers followed by three letters
b four letters followed by two numbers?
5 F Find x.
D Hint: Let AB = a metres
4m E and BC = b metres.
3m
xm
A B C
ac
6 Show that the shortest distance from B to [AC] is p : A
a2 + c2
Hint: Use the area of ¢ABC in two different forms. c

B a C

7 A circle is inscribed in a triangle. The triangle has area A

and perimeter P . Show that:
2A
a the radius of the circle is given by r =
P
b the ratio of perimeters of the circle and triangle is the
same as the ratio of their areas.
8 Can any two digit number be equal to the product of its digits?
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\004IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:24 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 4
1 When Samuel was 7, Claire was 34. Claire’s age is now double Samuel’s age. How old
will Samuel be in 10 years’ time?
2 How many triangles does the given figure contain?

3 Which is the shorter path from A to B given that

each curve is semi-circular?
2 cm
A 6 cm 4 cm B

4 When 3 squares are drawn so that sides are shared, there are two figures which can be
constructed.
These are and .

How many different figures are possible if:

a 4 squares are used b 5 squares are used?

Note: , , , etc., are the same.

1 1 1 1 1 1
5 S1 = 1£2 , S2 = 1£2 + 2£3 , S3 = 1£2 + 2£3 + 3£4 :
Find the values of S1 , S2 , S3 and S4 in fractional form and hence find the value of
1 1 1 1 1
1£2 + 2£3 + 3£4 + 4£5 + :::::: + 100£101 :

6 Two real numbers differ by 3 and the sum of their squares is 8. Determine their product
by considering (a ¡ b)2 :
7 Mouldy Oldy claims that if the digits in his age are multiplied, the result would be equal
to his age 40 years ago. How old is Mouldy Oldy?
8 PQR is a right angled triangle. 3 semi-circles are Q
constructed on each of its sides as shown.
Prove that the sum of the shaded areas is equal
to the area of triangle PQR.
P R
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\005IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:32 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 5
1 To pick all the oranges in an orchard it will take 14 people a total of 10 days. If 3 of the
workers are sick and cannot work, and 2 others can work at half the usual rate, how
long will it take to pick all of the oranges?
2 A rental car may be hired either for $80 per day, or at $45 per day plus 35 cents per
kilometre. When would you be better off using the $80 per day option?
3 The shaded region has area 24 cm2 :
Find x.
x cm

6 cm
10 cm

3 1 5 4
4 Find x and y if + = 9 and + = 22:
x y x y
1 1
Hint: Let X = and Y = :
x y
5 When a positive integer N is divided by 2, the remainder is 1. When N is divided by 3
the remainder is 2, and when N is divided by 4 the remainder is 3.
Show that N could be any integer of the form 12a ¡ 1 where a = 1, 2, 3, 4, .......
6 How many ways can 360 be factorised into the product of 3 factors greater than 1?
For example, 360 = 3 £ 12 £ 10.
7 Any even number can be written in the form 2a where a is an integer.
Any odd number can be written in the form 2a + 1 where a is an integer.
If p and q are positive integers and p2 + q 2 is divisible by 4, prove that p and q are both
even.
Hint: Consider the 4 possible cases, one of which is when p and q are both even.
8 Show that the area enclosed by the two
arcs is equal to the area of the isosceles A
right angled triangle ABC.
O

C B
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\006IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:38 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 6

1 7 blocks are glued together as shown. What is

the total surface area of the resulting solid given
that each cube has sides of 1 cm?

2 requires 4 toothpicks to make.

requires 10 toothpicks to make.

requires 18 toothpicks to make.

How many toothpicks are required to make a structure similar to these but containing 10
squares in the bottom row?
3 Students at a dance are evenly spaced around a circle. One student is numbered 1 and
the others are consecutively numbered from 1 around the circle. The student numbered
7 is directly opposite number 32. How many students are in the circle?
4 Three faces of a rectangular prism have areas of 10 cm2
6 cm2 , 10 cm2 and 15 cm2 respectively. Find
the volume of the prism.
6 cm2

15 cm2

5 To win a best of five sets match at tennis, one possibility is to win in straight sets, i.e.,
WWW. Another possibility is WLLWW.
How many winning possibilities exist?
6 I wish to buy 100 animals. Cats cost $5, rabbits $1 and fish 5 cents each. If I have $100
and spend every cent buying these animals, how many of each will I have bought?
7 Prove that the shaded region has area equal to
that of the circle in the centre.

8 a Show that (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca:

b Given that a + b + c = 3, ab + bc + ca = 2 and abc = ¡2, find the values
of the following:
1 1 1
i + + ii a2 + b2 + c2 :
a b c
Hint: You should not have to find the actual values of a, b and c.
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\007IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:46 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 7
1 If you increase the price of a TV set by 10% each month for 3 successive months then
its overall price increase is 33:1%. True or false?
2 In the figure we know that [AM] has length A
p p
3 cm and [CN] has length 7 cm. Find
the length of [AC].
N

B C
M

3 Find the first time after 3 pm when the hands of a clock are at right angles to each other.
Give your answer to the nearest second.
4 C For the rectangular prism shown with a square
base of 4 cm and height 2 cm, find, correct to 2
A
decimal places, the size of angle ABC.
2 cm

4 cm B
5 When a number is increased by 7, a perfect square results. When the same number is
increased by 43, another perfect square results. Show that there are 2 possible original
numbers.
6 If a ¤ b = a + b ¡ 2ab for any real numbers a and b, find:
a 7 ¤ (¡2) b (2 ¤ 3) ¤ (4 ¤ 1) c m if 5 ¤ m = 4.

7 [AB] is a line segment and C is a point not on [AB]. C

Explain how to construct a perpendicular from C to
[AB] using a pencil, ruler and compass only.
A B

8 A circle with radius r is inscribed in a quadrant (quarter

C circle) of radius R, touching it at A, B and C.
a Find the relationship between R and r.
A
b Compare the area shaded with that of the small
circle.
B
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\008IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:36:54 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 8
1 AB Find integers A and B for which this sum is correct.
+B
BA
2 Through 3 distinct points we can draw either 3 lines or 1 line:

or (collinear points)

Illustrate all possible cases when lines are drawn through 5 distinct points.
3 What fraction of the cylinder is occupied by the liquid?

2 cm 3 cm

7 cm

4 If x2 = 1 ¡ 3x, show that x4 = 10 ¡ 33x.

5 Find a, b and c given that a + b ¡ c = 13
a ¡ b + c = ¡3
a ¡ b ¡ c = 1:
6 A rectangular lawn measures 10 m by 6 m. One circuit around the outer edge of the
lawn will mow 14 of the lawn. How wide is my mower?
7 Solve the equations:
p p p
a x+2 =x b x + 13 ¡ 7 ¡ x = 2
8 The factors of 30 are 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 15 and 30: These can be written in the form:
20 30 50 21 30 50 20 31 50 20 30 51
21 31 50 21 30 51 20 31 51 21 31 51
a Noting that 30 = 2£3£5, explain why the number of factors of 30 is 2£2£2 = 8:
b How many factors has the number 540, which is 22 £ 33 £ 5?
c How many factors has the number 2a 3b 5c where a, b and c are non-negative
integers?
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\009IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:37:00 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 9
1 What can be deduced about a and b if (a + b)2 = (a ¡ b)2 ?
2 S Where should point B be located along
[PS] such that [AB] divides the figure into
R equal areas?
Q

A P
3 How many triangles are there in the given figure?

4 Find x, y and z if x+y+z =2

x ¡ y + 2z = ¡11
2x + y ¡ z = 15:
5 The difference between the cubes of two consecutive integers is 127. Find the integers.
6 By considering the perfect square (x ¡ 1)2 where x > 0, prove that
“the sum of any positive real number and its reciprocal is never less than 2.”
7 Find all solutions of the equation (x2 + 2x ¡ 3)2 + 2(x2 + 2x ¡ 3) ¡ 3 = 0:
Hint: Let x2 + 2x ¡ 3 = m:
8 Prove that the solution of 2x = 3 cannot be a rational number.
p
Hint: Suppose x is rational, i.e., x = where p and q are positive integers.
q
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

Y:\HAESE\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\010IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Monday, 3 March 2008 9:37:08 AM DAVID3

 CHALLENGE SET 10
1 One of the greatest mathematicians of all time, Leonhard Euler, found that
n2 + n + 41 is a prime number for many values of n.
a Find the value of this expression for n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.
b By making a suitable substitution, show that this function does not always produce
primes.
2 A log is sawn into 7 pieces in 7 minutes. How long would it have taken to saw the same
log into 4 pieces?
3 A Explain why it is impossible to enter this house
through door A, pass through every room of the
house and through every door exactly once, and
then exit through door B.

B
4 If n is odd, show that (n + 2)2 ¡ n2 is a multiple of 8.
5 Find the radius of the inscribed circle of the right angled
triangle with sides 3 cm, 4 cm and 5 cm.

6 Find the possible values of a, b and c given that:

a+b =c
b+c=a
c + a = b:
s r q p p
7 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + :::::: is actually equal to a positive integer. Find it.

Hint: Let the number be x and find x2 .

8 Prove that “a 4-digit integer is divisible by 3 if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3”.
Hint: Let the number be 1000a + 100b + 10c + d = 999a + 99b + 9c + ::::::
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

V:\BOOKS\IB_books\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_CHS\011IB_MYP5plus-2_CS.CDR Wednesday, 11 May 2011 2:06:24 PM PETER

 ANSWERS 11
CHALLENGE SET ANSWERS SET 7
p
1 True 2 8 cm 3 3 h 32 min 44 s pm 4 78:5o
SET 1
5 ¡7 and 57 6 a 33 b ¡52 c m = 19
1
7
C

A B

p
p
8 a R = r(1 + 2)
2
p
2 m ¼ 0:707 m 3 13
2 b shaded area : small circle = (2 2 ¡ 1) : 4
4 a = 2, b = 5 or a = 5, b = 2 5 9¼ m2
SET 8
6 10a + b + 10b + a = 11(a + b), etc. 7 66 km from X
1 a = 8, b = 9
8 a 1 c 4 d 2
2
SET 2

1 25 2 9 Hint: Consider 31 , 32 , 33 , etc. 3 x = 7

n(n ¡ 3)
4 6:2% 5 70 6 a 9 b 20 c 7 1:12 pm
2
1 5 6
8 n3 ¡ n = n(n + 1)(n ¡ 1), which is the product of three
consecutive integers, etc.

SET 3
1 8 10
3 10 7 5
3 9
4 Hint: x4 = (x2 )2 = (1 ¡ 3x)2
14 20 5 a = 5, b = 6, c = ¡2 6 12 m
11 24 13 7 a x = 2 b x = 3 8 b 24 c (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1)
SET 9
is one of many answers.
1 either a = 0 or b = 0 2 13 of the way from R to S
3 a 2n + 1 b 1225 3 27 4 x = 3, y = 4, z = ¡5 5 6 and 7 or ¡6 and ¡7
p
4 a 26 £ 26 £ 26 £ 10 £ 10 £ 10 = 17 576 000 7 0, ¡2, ¡1 § 5
p
b 45 697 600 q
8 Let p and q be positive integers such that 2 = 3. Show that
12
5 7
m 2p = 3q and establish a contradiction.
6 No Hint: Consider a number with digits x and y then SET 10
10x + y = xy, etc.
1 a 41, 43, 47, 53, 61, 71, 83, 97, 113
b If n = 41, n2 + n + 41 = 41 £ 43
SET 4
2 3 12 minutes
1 37 2 13 3 Both paths are 6¼ cm long. 4 a 5 b 12 3 Room X has three doors
5 S1 = 1
, S2 = 2
, S3 = 3
, S4 = 4
, ......, S100 = 100 therefore can enter twice
2 3 4 5 101 but only exit once.
6 ¡ 12 7 40, 64 or 75 X

SET 5 4 Hint: Any odd number can be written in the form 2a + 1,

where a is an integer.
1 14 days 2 When travelling more than 100 kilometres.
3 x = 4:8 4 x = 12 , y = 13 5 1 cm 6 a = b = c = 0 7 2

5 The first piece of information tells us that N = 2a + 1, where

a is an integer, etc.
6 20

SET 6

1 30 cm2 2 130 3 50 4 30 cm3 5 10

6 19 cats, 1 rabbit, 80 fish 8 b i ¡1 ii 5
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IB10 plus 2nd ed

cyan magenta yellow black

V:\BOOKS\IB_books\IB_MYP5plus-2ed\IB_MYP5plus-2ed_an\PopupAns\001IB_MYP5+2_PU.CDR Friday, 12 August 2011 9:44:01 AM BEN