Chapter 9: Reproductive System

Topics Objectives
1. Male reproductive system 1. Describe the structure and function of the testes
I. Anatomy of the male and explain the importance of their location in the
reproductive system scrotum.
1. Testes 2. Infer the function of the accessory reproductive
2. Vas deferens organs of the male.
3. Urethra
4. Seminal vesicles
5. Prostate gland
6. Bulb urethral gland
7. Penis
8. Sperm
II. Physiology of 3. Discuss the physiology of ejaculation
ejaculation

III. Hormonal influences 4. Recall the hormonal regulation of testicular

function and the physiological effects of
testosterone on male reproductive anatomy.
IV. Male secondary sex 5. Interpret what is meant by male secondary sex
characteristics characteristics
2. Female reproductive system
I. Anatomy of the female 6. Infer the function of the ovaries.
reproductive system 7. Describe the location, structure, and function of
1. Pelvis each of the organs of the female reproductive duct
2. Ovaries system
3. Fallopian tube 8. Describe the anatomy of the female external
4. External genitalia genitalia.
5. Perineum
6. Mammary gland
II. Hormonal cycle 9. Describes the female hormonal cycle
III. Secondary female sex 10. Compare and contrast between the secondary sex
characteristics characteristics of the male and females

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1. Male reproductive system
I. Anatomy of the male reproductive system
1. Testes
o Two ovoid bodies that lie in the scrotum and are suspended in the inguinal
region by the spermatic cord
o Interstitial cells secrete testosterone
o Seminiferous tubules form and store the sperms
o Epididymis: is adjacent to the testes in the scrotum, it acts as a storage
reservoir for sperm along with the seminiferous tubules.
2. Vas deferens
They conduct sperms from the epididymis to the urethra, act as storage site for
sperms
3. Urethra
It is the passageway of the semen from the vas deferens through the penis
Passage for urine from the bladder through the penis
It ends at the urinary meatus, which is the opening of the glans penis (through
which urine and semen are excreted)
4. Seminal vesicles
Membranous pouch located posterior to the bladder
Produces a secretion containing fructose, amino acids, and mucus
5. Prostate gland
Located inferior to the bladder
Secretes an alkaline fluid to activate the sperms
6. Bulb urethral gland
Located inferior to the prostate
Secrete a mucous secretion into the urethra which helps in lubrication
7. Penis
Erectile tissue surrounding the urethra
Penis causes erection during sexual intercourse
8. Sperm
It is formed of head, neck, body, and
tail
The head contains the genetic material
of the male
The tail provides motility.
The perm moves through female
genital tract to seek the ovum at a
velocity 1 to 4 mm per minutes.

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 II. Physiology of ejaculation
1. Erection: stiffening of a flaccid penis
2. Rhythmic peristalsis in the genital ducts causes the semen to be propelled
through epididymis, vas deferens, seminal ducts, and urethra
3. Semen- a thick, whitish fluid of high viscosity
Between 2.5 and 5 ml are secreted at ejaculation
Each milliliter contains 10 to 150 million sperm
III. Hormonal influences

Anterior pituitary gland secretes FSH and LH, which causes growth and function of the
testes at puberty

IV. Male secondary sex characteristics

- Deepening of voice
- Widening of the musculature of chest and shoulder
- Growth of facial and body hair

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 IV. Female reproductive system
I. Anatomy of the female reproductive system
1. Pelvis
Wider and shallower than male's pelvis
It forms a part of the birth canal
2. Ovaries
Flat, oval-shaped bodies about 2.5 cm long
Supported in the pelvis by the broad ligament and suspensory ligament
3 types of follicles in the ovaries
a. Primordial follicles (present at birth)
b. Growing follicles (contain mature ovum and spaces that contain fluid)
c. Mature follicles (bulge from the surface of the ovary) .

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 3. Fallopian tube
It has a funnel shape opening with finger like processes to receive the ova shed by the
ovary, and continues as a muscular ciliated tube that direct the ovum to the uterus
where it opens into upper corner of the wide base of the uterus
4. Uterus
A pear shaped muscular organ, lined with glandular membrane occupying the central
position of the pelvic cavity. Its parts; fundus, body, and cervix.

5. External genitalia
*Vagina:
An elastic muscular tube, 7cm long; it starts from the cervix internally and ends with genital
opening externally.
It is lines by a membrane that secretes mucous to moisturize it, also
It possesses folds to expand during birth.
*Mons pubis
*Labia majora
*Labia minora
*Clitoris; erectile tissue, erect during
intercourse.
6. Perineum
Contains the structures found between the
pubis symphysis and the coccyx
7. Mammary gland
Secrete milk from the nipple under the
stimulus of lactogenic hormone from the pituitary
Pigmented area around the nipple is called areolae

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II. Hormonal cycle
 It begins at puberty and end at menopause
 FSH- secreted by the anterior pituitary gland activates the primary follicle
 Mature follicle produces estrogen causing the endometrium to become
engorged with blood and prepares it to receive the fertilized ovum
 FSH and estrogen prepare the ova to mature
 Ova is released from the mature follicle into the fallopian tube by help of LH
 corpus luteum (mature graffian follicle after ovulation) secrete progesterone

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III. Secondary female sex characteristics
- Widening of hips
- Breast and genital enlargement
- Growth of axillary and pubic hair