19-03-2024

ME 325 - Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing

Course Instructor : Dr. Ravi Ranjan

Email Id : ravi@nitap.ac.in
Mobile No. : +91-9085659292
Office Room : 1st Floor, Block II

Course Syllabus
ME 325 - Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing 3 (L=3, T=0, P=0) Credit

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Module 1:- Introduction

CAD
 Computer Aided Design (CAD) can be defined as the use oof computer system to assist in the
development, analysis, modification and optimization of an engineering design. It also includes
storing and communication of design information.

 It uses Interactive Computer Graphics (ICG) programs to develop assemblies, part lists, computer
models and mathematical results. The output includes the working engineering drawings.

 Computer Aided Design (CAD) is a set of methods and tools to assist product designers in:

- Creating a geometrical representation of the artifacts they are designing.

- Dimensioning, Tolerance.

- Configuration Management (Changes).

- Archiving.

- Exchanging part and assembly information between teams, organizations.

- Feeding subsequent design steps Analysis (CAE) Manufacturing (CAM)

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Terminologies used in CAD/CAM

 Computer Aided Design (CAD): It is the use of computers (or workstations) to aid in the creation,
modification, analysis, or optimization of a design. CAD software is used to increase the productivity
of the designer, improve the quality of design, improve communications through documentation, and
to create a database for manufacturing.

 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE): It is the broad usage of computer software to aid in engineering
analysis tasks. It includes finite element analysis (FEA), computational fluid dynamics (CFD),
multibody dynamics (MBD), durability and optimization.

 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM): CAM is the use of software to control machine tools and
related ones in the manufacturing of workpieces. It may also refer to the use of a computer to assist
in all operations of a manufacturing plant, including planning, management, transportation and
storage.

 Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP): It is the use of computer technology to aid in the process
planning of a part or product, in manufacturing. CAPP is the link between CAD and CAM in that it
provides for the planning of the process to be used in producing a designed part.

Terminologies used in CAD/CAM

Computer Aided Process Planning

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Terminologies used in CAD/CAM

 Computer Aided Quality assurance (CAQ): CAQ is the engineering application of computers and computer-
controlled machines for the definition and inspection of the quality of products.

 Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): ERP is the integrated management of main business processes, often in
real-time and mediated by software and technology. It is usually referred to as a category of business
management software– typically a suite of integrated applications– that an organization can use to collect,
store, manage, and interpret data from these many business activities.

 Computer Numerical Control (CNC): It is the automated control of machining tools (drills, boring tools,
lathes) and 3D printers by means of a computer.

 Direct Numerical Control (DNC): It is also known as Distributed Numerical Control (DNC). It is a common
manufacturing term for networking CNC machine tools. On some CNC machine controllers, the available
memory is too small to contain the machining program (for example: machining complex surfaces), so in this
case the program is stored in a separate computer and sent directly to the machine, one block at a time.

 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or programmable controller: It is an industrial digital computer which
has been designed and adapted for the control of manufacturing processes, such as assembly lines, or
robotic devices, or any activity that requires high reliability control and ease of programming and process
fault diagnosis.

Terminologies used in CAD/CAM

 Controller: It is a chip, an expansion card, or a stand alone device that interfaces with a peripheral device.
This may be a link between two parts of a computer (for example: a memory controller that manages access
to memory for the computer) or a controller on an external device that manages the operation of (and
connection with) that device.

 Computer Network: It is a digital telecommunication network which allows nodes to share resources. In
computer networks, computing devices exchange data with each other using connections between nodes.

 Automated Storage and Retrieval System (ASRS or AS/RS): It consists of a variety of computer-controlled
systems for automatically placing and retrieving loads from defined storage locations.

 Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS): It is a manufacturing system in which there is some amount of
flexibility that allows the system to react in case of changes, whether predicted or unpredicted.

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Design Process
 Design is an Iterative Process

Generic CAD process

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Some Popular Design Approaches

• User-centered design: Focuses on the needs, wants, and limitations of the end user of the
designed artifact.

• Use-centered design: Focuses on the goals and tasks associated with the use of the artifact,
rather than focusing on the end user.

• KISS principle (Keep it Simple, Stupid): It strives to eliminate unnecessary complications.

• TMTOWTDI (There is more than one way to do it): A philosophy to allow multiple methods
of doing the same thing.

• Murphy’s Law: (Things will go wrong in any given situation, if you give them a chance)
attributed to Captain Edward Murphy, who served at Edwards Air Force base in 1949.

Applications of CAD
• Mechanical: Design of machine elements, CNC machine tools, Robotics, etc.

• Automotive: Kinematics, Hydraulics, Steering.

• Electrical: Circuit layout, Panel Design, Control system.

• Electronics: Schematic diagrams of PCs, IC,etc.

• Communication: Communication networks, Satellite transmitting pictures, TV telecasting.

• Civil: Mapping, Contour plotting, building drawing, structural design.

• Architectural: Town planning, interior decorations, modelling, multistoried complex.

• Aerospace: Design of spacecraft, flight simulator, lofting, etc.

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Major benefits of CAD

• CAD systems are user friendly: The combination of human brain and the machine produces better results in much
less time than if a person performed alone.

• The computer works very accurately, leading to a better quality drawings.

• The drawings can be stored in database. (Database is a collection of data, viz., design details, graphics, etc., in a
single location, for future use by different programmers for variety of applications.)

• With the ability to interact with the computer, you can quickly correct a design/drawing error and see a revised
picture on the screen.

• Visual modelling of any object/engineering component is possible.

• CAD is used in the creation, modification, analysis and optimization of designs for improved engineering
productivity. An engineer can try out different design ideas by just sitting at the terminal without making any
prototype.

• When you use CAD for a drawing containing the same component in several places, you can draw the component
once, then insert it wherever needed. (Example: Bolts and nuts in Machine Drawing).

• Colour graphics help to display more distinct information's on the screen, highlight certain important features, etc.