The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures

Alkali Noble
Solid The color of the symbol is
Metals Atomic Gases
Periods

Number
the color of the element in Color Key
Group 1 Atomic number of
Liquid its most common pure form. 18
Symbol protons Examples metallic solid Metals Nonmetals
H 1 Gas red liquid He 2
Hydrogen Symbols at room colorless gas Helium
Alkali temperature H
1 Earth A Z Human Body Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen 1
Noble Gases
No
Alkali Earth Metals

Metals _____ium Group Group Group Group Halogens

nm

top ten elements by weight

Alkali Metals

Halogens
et
Me

Sun and Earth's Crust

2 Name als ids 13 14 15 16 17 Balloons
ta
Stars top eight elements by weight Transition Metals
llo r
Po als
Me
Li 3 Be 4 Magnetic o B 5C 6N 7O 8F 9 Ne 10
Lithium Beryllium ferromagnetic at room temperature t Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Widgets Noble Metals Superheavy Elements
corrosion-resistant
2 Radioactive
2
Rare Earth Metals
all isotopes are radioactive
How it is (or was) used Actinide Metals
Only Traces Found in Nature Sports Basis of Life's Advertising
Batteries Emeralds or where it occurs in nature less than a millionth percent of earth's crust Equipment Molecules Protein Air Toothpaste Signs
Na 11 Mg 12 Never Found in Nature Al 13 Si 14 P 15 S 16 Cl 17 Ar 18
Sodium Magnesium only made by people Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
3 3
Transition Metals
Stone, Sand, Swimming
Salt Chlorophyll 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Airplanes and Soil Bones Egg Yolks Pools Light Bulbs
K 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 Ti 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mn 25 Fe 26 Co 27 Ni 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 Ge 32 As 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
4 4
Fruits and Shells and Stainless Steel Electric Brass Light-Emitting Semiconductor Photography
Vegetables Bones Bicycles Aerospace Springs Steel Earthmovers Structures Magnets Coins Wires Instruments Diodes (LEDs) Electronics Poison Copiers Film Flashlights
Rb 37 Sr 38 Y 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sn 50 Sb 51 Te 52 I 53 Xe 54
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
5 5
Global Chemical Mag Lev Cutting Radioactive Electric Searchlight Pollution Liquid Crystal Plated Car Thermoelectric High-Intensity
Navigation Fireworks Lasers Pipelines Trains Tools Diagnosis Switches Reflectors Control Jewelry Paint Displays (LCDs) Food Cans Batteries Coolers Disinfectant Lamps
Cs 55 Ba 56 57 - 71 Hf 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 Pt 78 Au 79 Hg 80 Tl 81 Pb 82 Bi 83 Po 84 At 85 Rn 86
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Rare
6 Earth 6
Metals
Atomic X-Ray Nuclear Mobile Lamp Rocket Low-Temperature Fire Anti-Static Radioactive Surgical
Clocks Diagnosis Submarines Phones Filaments Engines Pen Points Spark Plugs Labware Jewelry Thermometers Thermometers Weights Sprinklers Brushes Medicine Implants
Fr 87 Ra 88 89 - 103 Rf 104 Db 105 Sg 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 Ds 110 Rg 111 Cn 112 Nh 113 Fl 114 Mc 115 Lv 116 Ts 117 Og 118
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Actinide
7 Metals 7
Superheavy Elements
Laser Luminous
Atom Traps Watches radioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic research
119 120 121...
8 La 57 Ce 58 Pr 59 Nd 60 Pm 61 Sm 62 Eu 63 Gd 64 Tb 65 Dy 66 Ho 67 Er 68 Tm 69 Yb 70 Lu 71
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Rare
Earth 6
Metals
Telescope Lighter Torchworkers' Electric Motor Luminous Electric Motor Color MRI Fluorescent Smart Material Laser Optical Fiber Laser Scientific Photodynamic
Lenses Flints Eyeglasses Magnets Dials Magnets Televisions Diagnosis Lamps Actuators Surgery Communications Surgery Fiber Lasers Medicine
Ac 89 Th 90 Pa 91 U 92 Np 93 Pu 94 Am 95 Cm 96 Bk 97 Cf 98 Es 99 Fm 100 Md 101 No 102 Lr 103
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
Actinide
Metals 7
Radioactive Gas Lamp Radioactive Nuclear Radioactive Nuclear Smoke Mineral Radioactive Mineral
Medicine Mantles Waste Power Waste Weapons Detectors Analyzers Waste Analyzers radioactive, never found in nature, no uses except atomic research
© 2005–2016 Keith Enevoldsen elements.wlonk.com Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
PERIODIC TABLE KEY:
ELEMENTS
Mg
2.99 4 3109 4.51 1941 3560
0 6.562 140
1799
4.47
Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
MEITNERIUM NIHONIUM FLEROVIUM MOSCOVIUM LIVERMORIUM TENNESSINE OGANESSON
Og
CAPE TOWN SCIENCE CENTRE
Metalloids www.ctsc.org.za | 021 300 3200
 P E R I O D I C T A B L E
Group
1
Atomic Properties of the Elements 18
IA FREQUENTLY USED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS §
VIIIA
1 2
S1/2 1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the Physical Measurement Laboratory www.nist.gov/pml 2 1
S0
1
H speed
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs
of light in vacuum 299 792
792 458
458 m
−1
(exact) §
For the most accurate
Standard Reference Data www.nist.gov/srd He
cc m ss −34
−1
Hydrogen speed of light in vacuum 299 (exact) Helium
Planck constant
−1
6.626 070 15 x 10 −34J Hz −1 (exact) values of these and
1.008 Planck constant hh 6.626 070 15 x 10 −19J Hz 4.0026
1s
2 elementary charge e 1.602 176 634 x 10 −19C (exact) other constants, visit 13 14 15 16 17 1s
2
elementary charge e 1.602 176 634 x 10 C−1 pml.nist.gov/constants.
13.5984 IIA Avogadro constant
electron energy mNeAc
2 6.022 998
0.510 140 76
23
MeVmol
950x 10 (exact) IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 24.5874
3 2
S1/2 4 1
S0 Boltzmann
proton mass constant mkp 1.672 649 xx 10
1.380 622 10 Jkg
−27 K
−23 −1 (exact) 5 2
P°1/2 6 3
P0 7 4
°
S3/2 8 3
P2 9 2
°
P3/2 10 1
S0
Solids
Li Be B C N O F Ne
electron voltconstant eV 1.602 176 634
-19 (exact)
fine-structure 1/137.035 999 x 10 −31
J
9.109 383 70 x 10 −1kg
2 electron
Rydberg mass
constant Rme 2 10 973 731.569 m Liquids
Lithium Beryllium energy equivalent m c 0.510 998 950 MeV15 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.94 9.0122 R ec 3.289 841 960 x 10−27 Hz Gases 10.81 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
proton mass mp 1.672 621 924 x 10 kg 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 2 2 6
2 2 2 13.605
1s 2s 1s 2s Rm hc 088eV
938.272693 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p
2
5.3917 9.3227
energy equivalent
electron volt eV
pc MeV
1.602 177 x 10 J
-19 Artificially 8.2980 11.2603 14.5341 13.6181 17.4228 21.5645
fine-structure constant 1/137.035 999 −23 −1 Prepared
11 2
S1/2 12 1
S0 Boltzmann
Rydberg constant
energy k
R hc
1.380
13.60565
693x 10
1230 JK
−1 eV −1 13 2
°
P1/2 14 3
P0 15 4
°
S3/2 16 3
P2 17 2
°
P3/2 18 1
S0
Mg
molar gas constant R 8.314 5 J mol 3K −1 −2
Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
−11
Newtonian constant of G 6.674 x 10 m kg s
gravitation
3 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.990 24.305
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.982
2
28.085
2 2
30.974
2 3
32.06
2 4
35.45
2 5
39.948
2 6
[Ne]3s [Ne]3s [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p
5.1391 7.6462 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB 5.9858 8.1517 10.4867 10.3600 12.9676 15.7596
Period

19 2
S1/2 20 1
S0 21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3F4 29 2S1/2 30 1S0 31 2P1/2 ° 32 3
P0 33 4S3/2 ° 34 3
P2 35
2
° 36
P3/2 1
S0
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
2 2 2 2 3 2 5 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 10 10 2 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6
[Ar]4s [Ar]4s [Ar]3d4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p
4.3407 6.1132 6.5615 6.8281 6.7462 6.7665 7.4340 7.9025 7.8810 7.6399 7.7264 9.3942 5.9993 7.8994 9.7886 9.7524 11.8138 13.9996
37 2
S1/2 38 1
S0 39 2
D3/2 40 3
F2 41 6
D1/2 42 7
S3 43 6
S5/2 44 5
F5 45 4
F9/2 46 1
S0 47 2
S1/2 48 1
S0 49 2
°
P1/2 50 3
P0 51 4
°
S3/2 52 3
P2 53 2
°
P3/2 54 1
S0
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
2 2 2 2 4 5 5 2 7 8 10 10 10 2 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6
[Kr]5s [Kr]5s [Kr]4d5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p
4.1771 5.6949 6.2173 6.6341 6.7589 7.0924 7.1194 7.3605 7.4589 8.3369 7.5762 8.9938 5.7864 7.3439 8.6084 9.0097 10.4513 12.1298
55 2
S1/2 56 1
S0 72 3
F2 73 4
F3/2 74 5
D0 75 6
S5/2 76 5
D4 77 4
F9/2 78 3
D3 79 2
S1/2 80 1
S0 81 2
°
P1/2 82 3
P0 83 4
°
S3/2 84 3
P2 85 2
°
P3/2 86 1
S0
6
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
2 14 2 2 14 3 2 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2 14 7 2 14 9 14 10 14 10 2 2 3 4 5 6
[Xe]6s [Xe]6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p
3.8939 5.2117 6.8251 7.5496 7.8640 7.8335 8.4382 8.9670 8.9588 9.2256 10.4375 6.1083 7.4167 7.2855 8.414 9.3175 10.7485
87 2
S1/2 88 1
S0 104 3
F2 105 4
F3/2 106 0 107 5/2 108 4 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
(223) (226) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (282) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
2 14 2 2 14 3 2 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2
[Rn]7s [Rn]7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s
4.0727 5.2784 6.02 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.6
Atomic Ground 57 2
D3/2 58 1
°
G4 59 4
I9/2 ° 60 5
I4 61 6
H5/2 ° 62 7
F0 63 8
S7/2° 64 9
°
D2 65 6
°
H15/2 66 5
I8 67 4
°
I15/2 68 3
H6 69 2
F7/2° 70 1
S0 71 2
D3/2

Lanthanides
Number State
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Symbol
58 1
G°4 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
Name
Ce [Xe]5d6s
5.5769
2
[Xe]4f5d6s
5.5386
2 3 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.4702
4 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.5250
5 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.577
6 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6437
7 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6704
7
[Xe]4f 5d6s
6.1498
2 9 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.8638
10 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.9391
11 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.0215
12 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1077
13 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1843
14 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.2542
14
[Xe]4f 5d6s
5.4259
2
Cerium
Standard 140.12 89 2
D3/2 90 3
F2 91 4
K11/2 92 5
L6 ° 93 6
L11/2 94 7
F0 95 8
S7/2° 96 9
°
D2 97 6
°
H15/2 98 5
I8 99 4
°
I15/2 100 3
H6 101 2
F7/2° 102 1
S0 103 2
°
P1/2
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Actinides
Atomic 2
† [Xe]4f5d6s
Weight (u)
5.5386 Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
(227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (266)
Ground-state Ionization [Rn]6d7s
2 2 2
[Rn]6d 7s
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 3
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 4
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 6 2
[Rn]5f 7s
7 2
[Rn]5f 7s
7
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 9 2
[Rn]5f 7s
10 2
[Rn]5f 7s
11 2
[Rn]5f 7s
12 2
[Rn]5f 7s
13 2
[Rn]5f 7s
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s 7p
Configuration Energy (eV) 5.3802 6.3067 5.89 6.1941 6.2655 6.0258 5.9738 5.9914 6.1978 6.2817 6.3676 6.50 6.58 6.66 4.96
† 12
Based upon C. () indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope. For the most precise values and uncertainties visit ciaaw.org and pml.nist.gov/data.
NIST SP 966 (July 2019)
 NISTory of the Periodic Table
Sodium:
NIST scientists used
lasers to cool a gas of Rubidium:
these atoms to more than
Cesium: theoretically expected to These atoms were used by
Potassium and
temperatures even closer 1988 researchers at JILA (NIST-CU Boulder)
to create the first Bose-Einstein
The frequency of microwave to absolute zero. Rubidium:
radiation from this atom in (Nobel Prize 1997) condensate (Nobel Prize 2001).
atomic clocks such as the Image Credit: H.Mark Helfer/NIST Image Credit: NIST/JILA/CU-Boulder
JILA researchers married
NIST-F2 (2014), is used to these elements into an
define the second. ultracold gas of molecules
Image Credit: NIST
1967 1995 and demonstrated striking
predictions of quantum
physics by hitting the atoms
with “rulers of light” known
as frequency combs
(Nobel Prize 2005) and
Krypton: 1960 2008 trapping them in webs of
light known as optical lattices.
Image Credit: Steven Burrows and
Wavelengths of light from Ye/Jin groups/JILA
this atom, measured by NIST
researchers, defined the official
meter until 1983.
Image Credit: Neil Tucker/Wikimedia
1931 2010
/2011
Deuterium: Beryllium and
Aluminum:
This rare heavy
isotope of hydrogen Individual ions of these
was concentrated at atoms were probed in a
NIST and then identified NIST trap to create
by Columbia University's "quantum logic" clocks that
Harold Urey (Nobel Prize 1934). On the measured the second more precisely than
left is a deuterium lamp; the light on the before and tested Einstein's general theory
right comes from the NIST SURF III of relativity. Such quantum manipulations
Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility. were recognized in the 2012 Nobel Prize.
Image Credit: Uwe Arp/NIST Image Credit: J. Amini/NIST
www.nist.gov Design by: Natasha Hanacek/NIST
 P E R I O D I C T A B L E
Group
1
Atomic Properties of the Elements 18
IA FREQUENTLY USED FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS §
VIIIA
1 2
S1/2 1 second = 9 192 631 770 periods of radiation corresponding to the Physical Measurement Laboratory www.nist.gov/pml 2 1
S0
1
H speed of light
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of 133Cs
in vacuum 299 792
792 458
458 m
−1
(exact) §
For the most accurate
Standard Reference Data www.nist.gov/srd He
cc m ss −34
−1
Hydrogen speed of light in vacuum 299 (exact) Helium
Planck constant 6.626 070 15 x 10 −34J Hz −1
−1
(exact) values of these and
1.008 Planck constant hh 6.626 070 15 x 10 −19J Hz 4.0026
1s
2 elementary charge e 1.602 176 634 x 10 −19C (exact) other constants, visit 13 14 15 16 17 1s
2
elementary charge e 1.602 176 634 x 10 C−1 pml.nist.gov/constants.
13.5984 IIA Avogadro constant
electron energy mNeAc
2 6.022 140 76 x 10 mol
0.510 998 950 MeV
23
(exact) IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA 24.5874
3 2
S1/2 4 1
S0 Boltzmann constant
proton mass mkp 1.672 649 xx 10
1.380 622
−23
10 Jkg
−27 K
−1 (exact) 5 2
P°1/2 6 3
P0 7 4
°
S3/2 8 3
P2 9 2
°
P3/2 10 1
S0
Solids
Li Be B C N O F Ne
electron voltconstant eV 1.602 176 634
-19 (exact)
fine-structure 1/137.035 999 x 10 −31
J
9.109 383 70 x 10 −1kg
2 electron
Rydberg mass
constant Rme 2 10 973 731.569 m Liquids
Lithium Beryllium energy equivalent m c 0.510 998 950 MeV15 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.94 9.0122 R ec 3.289 841 960 x 10−27 Hz Gases 10.81 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
proton mass mp 1.672 621 924 x 10 kg 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 4 2 2 5 2 2 6
2 2 2 Rm hc 13.605 693 eV
1s 2s 1s 2s 2 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p 1s 2s 2p
5.3917 9.3227
energy equivalent
electron volt eV
pc 938.272 088
1.602 177 x 10 J
MeV
-19 Artificially 8.2980 11.2603 14.5341 13.6181 17.4228 21.5645
fine-structure constant 1/137.035 999 −23 −1 Prepared
11 2
S1/2 12 1
S0 Boltzmann
Rydberg constant
energy k
R hc
1.380
13.60565
693x 10
1230 JK
−1 eV −1 13 2
°
P1/2 14 3
P0 15 4
°
S3/2 16 3
P2 17 2
°
P3/2 18 1
S0
Mg
molar gas constant R 8.314 5 J mol 3K −1 −2
Na Al Si P S Cl Ar
−11
Newtonian constant of G 6.674 x 10 m kg s
gravitation
3 Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.990 24.305
2
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.982
2
28.085
2 2
30.974
2 3
32.06
2 4
35.45
2 5
39.948
2 6
[Ne]3s [Ne]3s [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p [Ne]3s 3p
5.1391 7.6462 IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIII IB IIB 5.9858 8.1517 10.4867 10.3600 12.9676 15.7596
Period

19 2
S1/2 20 1
S0 21 2D3/2 22 3F2 23 4F3/2 24 7S3 25 6S5/2 26 5D4 27 4F9/2 28 3F4 29 2S1/2 30 1S0 31 2P1/2 ° 32 3
P0 33 4S3/2 ° 34 3
P2 35
2
° 36
P3/2 1
S0
4
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.38 69.723 72.630 74.922 78.971 79.904 83.798
2 2 2 2 3 2 5 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 10 10 2 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6
[Ar]4s [Ar]4s [Ar]3d4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p [Ar]3d 4s 4p
4.3407 6.1132 6.5615 6.8281 6.7462 6.7665 7.4340 7.9025 7.8810 7.6399 7.7264 9.3942 5.9993 7.8994 9.7886 9.7524 11.8138 13.9996
37 2
S1/2 38 1
S0 39 2
D3/2 40 3
F2 41 6
D1/2 42 7
S3 43 6
S5/2 44 5
F5 45 4
F9/2 46 1
S0 47 2
S1/2 48 1
S0 49 2
°
P1/2 50 3
P0 51 4
°
S3/2 52 3
P2 53 2
°
P3/2 54 1
S0
5
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.95 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
2 2 2 2 4 5 5 2 7 8 10 10 10 2 10 2 10 2 2 10 2 3 10 2 4 10 2 5 10 2 6
[Kr]5s [Kr]5s [Kr]4d5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p [Kr]4d 5s 5p
4.1771 5.6949 6.2173 6.6341 6.7589 7.0924 7.1194 7.3605 7.4589 8.3369 7.5762 8.9938 5.7864 7.3439 8.6084 9.0097 10.4513 12.1298
55 2
S1/2 56 1
S0 72 3
F2 73 4
F3/2 74 5
D0 75 6
S5/2 76 5
D4 77 4
F9/2 78 3
D3 79 2
S1/2 80 1
S0 81 2
°
P1/2 82 3
P0 83 4
°
S3/2 84 3
P2 85 2
°
P3/2 86 1
S0
6
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
2 14 2 2 14 3 2 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2 14 7 2 14 9 14 10 14 10 2 2 3 4 5 6
[Xe]6s [Xe]6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Xe]4f 5d 6s [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p [Hg]6p
3.8939 5.2117 6.8251 7.5496 7.8640 7.8335 8.4382 8.9670 8.9588 9.2256 10.4375 6.1083 7.4167 7.2855 8.414 9.3175 10.7485
87 2
S1/2 88 1
S0 104 3
F2 105 4
F3/2 106 0 107 5/2 108 4 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
(223) (226) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (282) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
2 14 2 2 14 3 2 14 4 2 14 5 2 14 6 2
[Rn]7s [Rn]7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s [Rn]5f 6d 7s
4.0727 5.2784 6.02 6.8 7.8 7.7 7.6
Atomic Ground 57 2
D3/2 58 1
G°4 59 4
°
I9/2 60 5
I4 61 6
H°5/2 62 7
F0 63 8
S°7/2 64 9
D°2 65 6
H°15/2 66 5
I8 67 4
°
I15/2 68 3
H6 69 2
F°7/2 70 1
S0 71 2
D3/2

Lanthanides
Number State
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Symbol
58 1
G°4 Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
Name
Ce [Xe]5d6s
5.5769
2
[Xe]4f5d6s
5.5386
2 3 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.4702
4 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.5250
5 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.577
6 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6437
7 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.6704
7
[Xe]4f 5d6s
6.1498
2 9 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.8638
10 2
[Xe]4f 6s
5.9391
11 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.0215
12 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1077
13 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.1843
14 2
[Xe]4f 6s
6.2542
14
[Xe]4f 5d6s
5.4259
2
Cerium
Standard 140.12 89 2
D3/2 90 3
F2 91 4
K11/2 92 5
L6 ° 93 6
L11/2 94 7
F0 95 8
S7/2° 96 9
°
D2 97 6
H15/2° 98 5
I8 99 4
°
I15/2 100 3
H6 101 2
F7/2° 102 1
S0 103 2
°
P1/2
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr

Actinides
Atomic 2
† [Xe]4f5d6s
Weight (u)
5.5386 Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
(227) 232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (266)
Ground-state Ionization [Rn]6d7s
2 2 2
[Rn]6d 7s
2
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 3
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 4
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 6 2
[Rn]5f 7s
7 2
[Rn]5f 7s
7
[Rn]5f 6d7s
2 9 2
[Rn]5f 7s
10 2
[Rn]5f 7s
11 2
[Rn]5f 7s
12 2
[Rn]5f 7s
13 2
[Rn]5f 7s
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s
14 2
[Rn]5f 7s 7p
Configuration Energy (eV) 5.3802 6.3067 5.89 6.1941 6.2655 6.0258 5.9738 5.9914 6.1978 6.2817 6.3676 6.50 6.58 6.66 4.96
† 12
Based upon C. () indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope. For the most precise values and uncertainties visit ciaaw.org and pml.nist.gov/data.
NIST SP 966 (July 2019)
 NISTory of the Periodic Table
Sodium:
NIST scientists used
lasers to cool a gas of Rubidium:
these atoms to more than
Cesium: theoretically expected to These atoms were used by
Potassium and
temperatures even closer 1988 researchers at JILA (NIST-CU Boulder)
to create the first Bose-Einstein
The frequency of microwave to absolute zero. Rubidium:
radiation from this atom in (Nobel Prize 1997) condensate (Nobel Prize 2001).
atomic clocks such as the Image Credit: H.Mark Helfer/NIST Image Credit: NIST/JILA/CU-Boulder
JILA researchers married
NIST-F2 (2014), is used to these elements into an
define the second. ultracold gas of molecules
Image Credit: NIST
1967 1995 and demonstrated striking
predictions of quantum
physics by hitting the atoms
with “rulers of light” known
as frequency combs
(Nobel Prize 2005) and
Krypton: 1960 2008 trapping them in webs of
light known as optical lattices.
Image Credit: Steven Burrows and
Wavelengths of light from Ye/Jin groups/JILA
this atom, measured by NIST
researchers, defined the official
meter until 1983.
Image Credit: Neil Tucker/Wikimedia
1931 2010
/2011
Deuterium: Beryllium and
Aluminum:
This rare heavy
isotope of hydrogen Individual ions of these
was concentrated at atoms were probed in a
NIST and then identified NIST trap to create
by Columbia University's "quantum logic" clocks that
Harold Urey (Nobel Prize 1934). On the measured the second more precisely than
left is a deuterium lamp; the light on the before and tested Einstein's general theory
right comes from the NIST SURF III of relativity. Such quantum manipulations
Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility. were recognized in the 2012 Nobel Prize.
Image Credit: Uwe Arp/NIST Image Credit: J. Amini/NIST
www.nist.gov Design by: Natasha Hanacek/NIST
PERIODIC TABLE KEY:
ELEMENTS
Mg
2.99 4 3109 4.51 1941 3560
0 6.562 140
1799
4.47
Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
MEITNERIUM NIHONIUM FLEROVIUM MOSCOVIUM LIVERMORIUM TENNESSINE OGANESSON
Og
CAPE TOWN SCIENCE CENTRE
Metalloids www.ctsc.org.za | 021 300 3200
 1 18
IA VIIIA
11A 8A
1 Periodic Table of the Elements 2
H
Hydrogen
2
IIA
13
IIIA
14
IVA
15
VA
16
VIA
17
VIIA
He
Helium
1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li
Lithium
Be
Beryllium
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
6.941 9.012 10.811 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.180
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na
Sodium
Mg
Magnesium
3
IIIB
4
IVB
5
VB
6
VIB
7
VIIB
8 9
VIII
10 11
IB
12
IIB
Al
Aluminum
Si
Silicon
P
Phosphorus
S
Sulfur
Cl
Chlorine
Ar
Argon
22.990 24.305 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8 1B 2B 26.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.948
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K
Potassium
Ca
Calcium
Sc
Scandium
Ti
Titanium
V
Vanadium
Cr
Chromium
Mn
Manganese
Fe
Iron
Co
Cobalt
Ni
Nickel
Cu
Copper
Zn Zinc
Ga
Gallium
Ge
Germanium
As
Arsenic
Se
Selenium
Br
Bromine
Kr
Krypton
39.098 40.078 44.956 47.88 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.933 58.933 58.693 63.546 65.39 69.732 72.61 74.922 78.09 79.904 84.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb
Rubidium
Sr
Strontium
Y
Yttrium
Zr
Zirconium
Nb
Niobium
Mo
Molybdenum
Tc
Technetium
Ru
Ruthenium
Rh
Rhodium
Pd
Palladium
Ag
Silver
Cd
Cadmium
In
Indium
SnTin
Sb
Antimony
Te
Tellurium
I
Iodine
Xe
Xenon
84.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.94 98.907 101.07 102.906 106.42 107.868 112.411 114.818 118.71 121.760 127.6 126.904 131.29
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs
Cesium
Ba
Barium
Hf
Hafnium
Ta
Tantalum
W
Tungsten
Re
Rhenium
Os
Osmium
Ir
Iridium
Pt
Platinum
Au
Gold
Hg
Mercury
Tl
Thallium
Pb
Lead
Bi
Bismuth
Po
Polonium
At
Astatine
Rn
Radon
132.905 137.327 178.49 180.948 183.85 186.207 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.967 200.59 204.383 207.2 208.980 [208.982] 209.987 222.018
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr
Francium
Ra
Radium
Rf
Rutherfordium
Db
Dubnium
Sg
Seaborgium
Bh
Bohrium
Hs
Hassium
Mt Ds Rg
Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium
Cn Uut
Ununtrium
Fl
Flerovium
Uup Lv Uus Uuo
Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
223.020 226.025 [261] [262] [266] [264] [269] [268] [269] [272] [277] unknown [289] unknown [298] unknown unknown
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Lanthanide
Series La
Lanthanum
Ce
Cerium
Pr Nd
Praseodymium Neodymium
Pm Sm
Promethium Samarium
Eu
Europium
Gd
Gadolinium
Tb
Terbium
Dy
Dysprosium
Ho
Holmium
Er
Erbium
Tm
Thulium
Yb
Ytterbium
Lu
Lutetium
138.906 140.115 140.908 144.24 144.913 150.36 151.966 157.25 158.925 162.50 164.930 167.26 168.934 173.04 174.967
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Actinide
Series Ac
Actinium
Th
Thorium
Pa
Protactinium
U
Uranium
Np
Neptunium
Pu
Plutonium
Am Cm
Americium Curium
Bk
Berkelium
Cf
Californium
Es
Einsteinium
Fm
Fermium
Md
Mendelevium
No
Nobelium
Lr
Lawrencium
227.028 232.038 231.036 238.029 237.048 244.064 243.061 247.070 247.070 251.080 [254] 257.095 258.1 259.101 [262]
Alkali Alkaline Transition Basic Noble
Semimetal Nonmetal Halogen Lanthanide Actinide
Metal Earth Metal Metal Gas
© 2013 Todd Helmenstine
chemistry.about.com
sciencenotes.org
1
1
Periodic Table of the Elements 2
18
H He
Hydrogen Helium
1.01 2 13 14 15 16 17 4.00
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
6.94 9.01 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
Sodium Magnesium Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
22.99 24.31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.88 50.94 51.99 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.97 79.90 83.80
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.95 98.91 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.6 126.90 131.29
55 56 57-71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba Lanthanides Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
132.91 137.33 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.20 208.98 [208.98] 209.98 222.02
87 88 89-103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Actinides Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
223.02 226.03 [261] [262] [266] [264] [269] [278] [281] [280] [285] [286] [289] [289] [293] [294] [294]
57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
138.91 140.12 140.91 144.24 144.91 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.06 174.97
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
227.03 232.04 231.04 238.03 237.05 244.06 243.06 247.07 247.07 251.08 [254] 257.10 258.10 259.10 [262]
Alkali Metal Alkaline Earth Transition Metal Basic Metal Metalloid Nonmetal Halogen Noble Gas Lanthanide Actinide
©2017 Todd Helmenstine
sciencenotes.org
 Periodic Table of the Elements
Standard State at 25oC; 1 atm
Groups Ar – gas
1 IA Br - Liquid 18 VIIIA
1 1.0079 2 4.0026
Periods

Relative Atomic Mass (A) Na – Solid

Metals
1 H Group IUPAC
Group CAS He
HYDROGEN 2 IIA Semimetals 13 IIIA 14 IVA 15 VA 16 VIA 17 VIIA HELIUM
3 6.941 4 9.0122
1 IA 5 10.811 6 12.011 7 14.007 8 15.999 9 18.998 10 20.180
Atomic Number (Z) 1 1.0079 Nonmetals
2 Li Be Element Symbol H Lanthanide/Actinide B C N O F Ne
LITHIUM BERYLLIUM BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON
11 22.990 12 24.305 Element Name HYDROGEN
13 26.982 14 28.086 15 30.974 16 32.065 17 35.453 18 39.984
3 Na Mg VIIIB
Al Si P S Cl Ar
SODIUM MAGNESIUM 3 IIIB 4 IVB 5 VB 6 VIB 7 VIIB 8 9 10 11 IB 12 IIB ALUMINIUM SILICON PHOSPHORUS SULFUR CHLORINE ARGON
19 39.098 20 40.078 21 44.956 22 47.867 23 50.942 24 51.996 25 54.938 26 55.845 27 58.993 28 58.693 29 63.546 30 65.39 31 69.723 32 72.61 33 74.922 34 78.96 35 79.904 36 83.80
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
POTASSIUM CALCIUM SCANDIUM TITANIUM VANADIUM CHROMIUM MANGANESE IRON COBALT NICKEL COPPER ZINC GALLIUM GERMANIUM ARSENIC SELENIUM BROMINE KRYPTON
37 85.468 38 87.62 39 88.906 40 91.224 41 92.906 42 95.94 43 98 44 101.07 45 102.91 46 106.42 47 107.87 48 112.41 49 114.82 50 118.71 51 121.76 52 127.60 53 126.90 54 131.29
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
RUBIDIUM STRONTIUM YTTRIUM ZIRCONIUM NIOBIUM MOLYBDENUM TECHNETIUM RUTHENIUM RHODIUM PALLADIUM SILVER CADMIUM INDIUM TIN ANTIMONY TELLURIUM IODINE XENON
55 132.91 56 137.33 57-71 72 178.49 73 180.95 74 183.84 75 186.21 76 190.23 77 192.22 78 195.08 79 196.97 80 200.59 81 204.38 82 207.2 83 208.98 84 (209) 85 (210) 86 (222)
6 Cs Ba La-Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Pb Bi Po At
Tl Rn
CESIUM BARIUM LANTHANIDES HAFNIUM TANTALUM TUNGSTEN RHENIUM OSMIUM IRIDIUM PLATINUM GOLD MERCURY THALLIUM LEAD BISMUTH POLONIUM ASTATINE RADON
87 (223) 88 (226) 89 - 103 104 (261) 105 (262) 106 (266) 107 (264) 108 (277) 109 (268) 110 (281) 111 (272) 112 (285) 114 (287)
7 Fr Ra Ac-Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl
FRANCIUM RADIUM ACTINIDES RUTHERFORDIUM DUBNIUM SEABORGIUM BOHRIUM HASSIUM MEITNERIUM DARMSTADTIUM ROENTGENIUM COPERNICIUM FLEROVIUM
57 138.91 58 140.12 59 140.91 60 144.24 61 (145) 62 150.36 63 151.96 64 157.25 65 158.93 66 162.50 67 164.93 68 167.26 69 168.93 70 173.04 71 174.97
Lanthanide Series La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
LANTHANUM CERIUM PRASEODYMIUM NEODYMIUM PROMETHIUM SAMARIUM EUROPIUM GADOLINIUM TERBIUM DYSPROSIUM HOLMIUM ERBIUM THULIUM YTTERBIUM LUTETIUM
89 (227) 90 232.04 91 231.04 92 238.03 93 (237) 94 (244) 95 (243) 96 (247) 97 (247) 98 (251) 99 (252) 100 (257) 101 (258) 102 (259) 103 (262)
Actinide Series Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINIUM THORIUM PROTACTINIUM URANIUM NEPTUNIUM PLUTONIUM AMERICIUM CURIUM BERKELIUM CALIFORNIUM EINSTEINIUM FERMIUM MENDELEVIUM NOBELIUM LAWRENCIUM
PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2 K
1 Atomic # 2 L
M
N
1 H
Hydrogen Name
Symbol He
Helium
O
P
Q
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
1.008 N Weight C Solid Pnictogens Chalcogens Halogens 4.0026 G
Lanthanoids
Alkali metals
metals
Alkaline earth

metals
Transition
metals
Post-transition

nonmetals
Other

Noble gases
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
3 1
4 2
5 3
6 4
7 5
8 6
9 7
10 8 L
M
Hg Liquid (Lanthanides) N
2 Li Be
Lithium Beryllium L
B
Boron
C N O
Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
F Ne O
P
Q
6.94 K 9.0122 E H Gas Actinoids 10.81 M 12.011 N 14.007 N 15.999 N 18.998 N 20.180 G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
11 8
1 12 8
2 (Actinides) 13 8
3 14 8
4 15 8
5 16 8
6 17 8
7 18 8
8
L
M
Rf Unknown N
3 Na Mg
Sodium Magnesium
K E A T P M N G Al Si P
Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur
S
Chlorine Argon
Cl Ar O
P
Q
22.990 K 24.305 E 26.982 P 28.085 M 30.974 N 32.06 N 35.45 N 39.948 G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
19 8
8
1
20 8
8
2
21 8
9
2
22 8
10
2
23 8
11
2
24 8
13
1
25 8
13
2
26 8
14
2
27 8
15
2
28 8
16
2
29 8
18
1
30 8
18
2
31 8
18
3
32 8
18
4
33 8
18
5
34 8
18
6
35 8
18
7
36 8
18
8
L
M
N
4 K Ca Sc Ti V
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron
Cr
Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc
Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se
Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Br Kr O
P
Q
39.098 K 40.078 E 44.956 T 47.867 T 50.942 T 51.996 T 54.938 T 55.845 T 58.933 T 58.693 T 63.546 T 65.38 T 69.723 P 72.630 M 74.922 M 78.971 N 79.904 N 83.798 G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
37 8
18
8
38 8
18
8
39 8
18
9
40 8
18
10
41 8
18
12
42 8
18
13
43 8
18
13
44 8
18
15
45 8
18
16
46 8
18
18
47 8
18
18
48 8
18
18
49 8
18
18
50 8
18
18
51 8
18
18
52 8
18
18
53 8
18
18
54 8
18
18
L
M
N
5 Rb 1
Sr 2
Y 2
Zr 2
Nb 1
Mo 1
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver
Tc 2
Cadmium Indium Tin
Ru 1
Rh 1
Antimony Tellurium Iodine
Pd
Xenon
Ag 1
Cd 2
In 3
Sn 4
Sb 5
Te 6
I 7
Xe 8 O
P
Q
85.468 K 87.62 E 88.906 T 91.224 T 92.906 T 95.95 T (98) T 101.07 T 102.91 T 106.42 T 107.87 T 112.41 T 114.82 P 118.71 P 121.76 M 127.60 M 126.90 N 131.29 G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
55 8
18
18
56 8
18
18
72 8
18
32
73 8
18
32
74 8
18
32
75 8
18
32
76 8
18
32
77 8
18
32
78 8
18
32
79 8
18
32
80 8
18
32
81 8
18
32
82 8
18
32
83 8
18
32
84 8
18
32
85 8
18
32
86 8
18
32
L
M
N
6 Cs 8
1
Caesium Barium
Ba 8
2
57–71 Hf 10
2
Ta 11
2 W 12
2
Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold
Re 13
2 Os 14
2
Mercury Thallium Lead
Ir 15
2
Pt 17
1
Au 18
1
Hg 18
2
Tl 18
3 Pb 18
4 Bi 18
5 Po 18
6
Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
At 18
7 Rn 18
8
O
P
Q
132.91 K 137.33 E 178.49 T 180.95 T 183.84 T 186.21 T 190.23 T 192.22 T 195.08 T 196.97 T 200.59 T 204.38 P 207.2 P 208.98 P (209) P (210) M (222) G
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 K
87 8
18
32
88 8
18
32
104 8
18
32
105 8
18
32
106 8
18
32
107 8
18
32
108 8
18
32
109 8
18
32
110 8
18
32
111 8
18
32
112 8
18
32
113 8
18
32
114 8
18
32
115 8
18
32
116 8
18
32
117 8
18
32
118 8
18
32
L
M
N
7 Fr 18
8
1 Ra
Francium Radium
18
8
2 89–103 Rf 32
10
2 Db 32
11
2 Sg 32
12
2 Bh 32
13
2 Hs 32
14
2 Mt 32
15
2 Ds 32
17
1 Rg 32
18
1
Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson
Cn 32
18
2 Nh 32
18
3 Fl 32
18
4 Mc 32
18
5 Lv 32
18
6 Ts 32
18
7 Og 32
18
8
O
P
Q
(223) K (226) E (267) T (268) T (269) T (270) T (277) T (278) (281) (282) (285) T (286) (289) P (290) (293) (294) (294)
For elements with no stable isotopes, the mass number of the isotope with the longest half-life is in parentheses.
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
57 8
18
18
58 8
18
19
59 8
18
21
60 8
18
22
61 8
18
23
62 8
18
24
63 8
18
25
64 8
18
25
65 8
18
27
66 8
18
28
67 8
18
29
68 8
18
30
69 8
18
31
70 8
18
32
71 8
18
32
6 La 9
2
Ce 9
2 Pr 8
2 Nd 8
2 Pm 8
2 Sm 8
2
Eu 8
2
Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium
Gd 9
2
Tb 8
2
Dy 8
2
Ho 8
2
Er 8
2
Tm 8
2
Yb 8
2
Lu 9
2
138.91 L 140.12 L 140.91 L 144.24 L (145) L 150.36 L 151.96 L 157.25 L 158.93 L 162.50 L 164.93 L 167.26 L 168.93 L 173.05 L 174.97 L
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
89 8
18
32
90 8
18
32
91 8
18
32
92 8
18
32
93 8
18
32
94 8
18
32
95 8
18
32
96 8
18
32
97 8
18
32
98 8
18
32
99 8
18
32
100 8
18
32
101 8
18
32
102 8
18
32
103 8
18
32
7 Ac 18
Th 18
Pa 20
U 21
Np 22
Pu 24
Am 25
Cm 25
Bk 27
Cf 28
Es 29
Fm 30
Md 31
No 32
Lr 32
Ptable
9 10 9 9 9 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3
Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium
.com (227) A 232.04 A 231.04 A 238.03 A (237) A (244) A (243) A (247) A (247) A (251) A (252) A (257) A (258) A (259) A (266) A
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