( have / has) + PP

I , You , We , They , ‫جمع‬

He , She , It , ‫مفرد‬

Ali has cleaned the car. ‫لقد نظف علي السيارة‬.

The boys have brought their books. ‫لقد أحضر األوالد كتبهم‬.

( have / has) + been + PP

The car has been cleaned . ‫لقد ُنّظَفت السيارة‬.
Some letters have been written by Sherin.
‫لقد بعض الخطابات بواسطة شرين‬.

have ‫ أو‬has ‫ بعد‬never ‫ أو‬not ‫** نضع‬

have not = haven't has not = hasn't
She hasn't finished homework yet.

.‫ يعبر المضارع التام عن حدث بدأ فى الماضى و مازال مستمرا فى الحاضر‬

-I have lived in Cairo for many years. = I still live there.
)‫ (= ما زلت أعيش هناك‬.‫لقد عشت في القاهرة لسنوات كثيرة‬
.‫ يعبر المضارع التام عن حدث انتهى فى الماضى و الزالت آثاره باقية حتى اآلن‬
- I’ve lost my keys. = I can’t open the door.
‫ = ال أستطيع أن أفتح الباب‬.‫لقد فقدت مفاتيحي‬.
1
 .‫ يستخدم المضارع التام مع هذه الكلمات‬
 already ‫فعًال‬:
,‫ وتأتي قبل التصريف الثالث أو في نهاية الجملة‬.. ‫تأتى فى األسئلة و الجمل المثبتة‬
- Have you already written to John?
- Have you written to John already?
- He has already had dinner.
- I have seen the film already.
‫ تأتى فى الجمل المثبتة‬: just
-I’ve just spoken to Ahmed on the phone.
‫ ويجوز أن تأتي بين الفعل المساعد‬، ‫ تأتى فى نهاية األسئلة و الجمل المنفية‬: yet
.. ‫والتصريف الثالث‬
- Has he arrived yet?
-They haven't eaten yet.
-They haven't yet eaten.
‫ تأتى فى األسئلة و بعد صفات التفضيل و الجمل التى تبدأ بـ‬: ever
no one / no body / nothing
- Have you ever been to the zoo?
- This is the most exciting film I have ever seen.
- Nothing like this has ever happened to us.
‫ من أدوات النفي‬: never
-No, I have never been to the zoo.
 so far‫ حتى اآلن‬/ lately / recently:
-He has typed five letters so far.
- It has been hot lately.
- He has bought a new mobile recently.
‫ كما يستخدم المضارع التام مع هذه التعبيرات‬ -
 It’s/This is the first (second …) time …..
It’s the first time I have ever seen a lion.
 It’s (This) is the only ……
 In the last few years / months ‫فى السنوات األخيرة‬
 In recent years ‫فى السنوات الحديثة‬
 over the ages / over the years / over the centuries
2
 ‫علي مر العصور‪ /‬السنين‪/‬القرون‬
‫‪Ex: It’s the first time I have been to London.‬‬
‫‪This is the only friend I have met there.‬‬
‫‪Egypt has changed a lot in the last few years.‬‬

‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ : for‬و يأتى بعدها مدة زمنية‬
‫‪- He has lived in Cairo for 10 years.‬‬
‫‪ : since‬يأتى بعدها بداية الحدث أو جملة فى زمن الماضى البسيط‬
‫‪-I haven’t seen him since last week.‬‬
‫‪-I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo.‬‬
‫‪ ‬الحظ التركيب التالى‪:‬‬
‫ماضى بسيط مثبت ‪ + since‬مدة زمنية ‪It’s / It’s been +‬‬
‫‪-It’s ages since I last saw him.‬‬
‫منذ ‪Since‬‬ ‫لمدة ‪For‬‬

‫تأتي لبيان بداية المدة التي استغرقها الفعل‬

‫تأتي لبيان المدة التي استغرقها الفعل‬

‫‪Since‬‬ ‫منذ‬ ‫‪For‬‬ ‫لــمدة‬
‫يأتي بعدها هذه الكلمات‬
‫تاريخ محدد – الساعات المحددة –‬ ‫‪hour‬‬ ‫ساعة‬
‫أسماء أيام األسبوع – أسماء شهور‬ ‫يوم‪day‬‬
‫السنة – فصول السنة ‪ -‬السنين‬ ‫‪week‬‬ ‫أسبوع‬
‫المحددة‬ ‫شهر‪month‬‬
‫كلمة ‪last ……..‬‬ ‫‪year‬‬ ‫سنه‬
‫كلمة‪yesterday…..‬‬ ‫‪time‬‬ ‫وقت‬
‫‪…… the last‬‬
‫‪ -‬يمكن أن يسبق هذه الكلمات رقم أو‬
‫‪a ,an‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 1998 a year
3 O'clock 3 hours
Monday a week
Since For
September 3 days
last week the last week
last month the last month

since 2 O'clock 7 O'clock

for 5 hours

Heba has watched TV since 2 O'clock.

Heba has watched TV for 5 hours.

since 2003 2009

for 6 years

We have learned English since 2003.

We have learned English for 6 years.

4
 ‫الكلمات الدالة على المضارع التام‬

‫فيما سبق ‪ever‬‬ ‫أبدًا لم ‪never‬‬

‫تأتي في السؤال قبل التصريف الثالث‬

‫تأتي في اإلجابة بين الفعل المساعد و التصريف الثالث‬

‫? ‪Have you ever finished a book‬‬

‫هل سبق لك أن أنهيت كتابًا ؟‬

‫‪I have never finished a‬‬

‫‪book.‬‬
‫‪.‬لم أنتهي من كتاب أبدًا‬
‫‪Choose:‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
1- I have ………. travelled outside Egypt ? (ever – never –
yet)
2- Have you ………. travelled outside Egypt ? (ever – never –
yet)

Mini-dialogue:
Manal:……………………………………………………………
?
Nabil : No. I have never been outside Egypt.

already ‫فعًال‬ just ‫حاًال‬/‫توًا‬

‫ وال تأتيان في النفي‬/ ‫تأتيان بين الفعل المساعد والتصريف الثالث‬

Choose:
1-She has ……….. cooked the rice. (already – ever – yet)
2-We have ……… come. (ever – any – just)

Yet ‫حتى اآلن‬

‫تأتي في نهاية الجملة في السؤال والنفي‬

Choose:
1-She hasn't cooked ………. (just – never –
yet)
2-Have they arrived ………….? (ever – yet –
ago)
Since & for
Since ‫منذ‬ For ‫لمدة‬

‫تأتي لبيان بداية المدة التي استغرقها الفعل‬

‫تأتي لبيان المدة التي استغرقها الفعل‬

6
Since ‫منذ‬ For ‫لــمدة‬
‫يأتي بعدها هذه الكلمات‬
– ‫تاريخ محدد – الساعات المحددة‬ hour ‫ساعة‬
‫أسماء أيام األسبوع – أسماء شهور‬ day‫يوم‬
‫ السنين‬- ‫السنة – فصول السنة‬ week ‫أسبوع‬
‫المحددة‬ month‫شهر‬
last …….. ‫كلمة‬ year ‫سنه‬
yesterday…..‫كلمة‬ time ‫وقت‬
…… the last
‫ يمكن أن يسبق هذه الكلمات رقم أو‬-
a ,an
1999 a year
3 O'clock 3 hours
Monday a week
Since For
September 3 days
last week the last week
last month the last month

since 2 O'clock 7 O'clock

for 5 hours

Heba has watched TV since 2 O'clock.

Heba has watched TV for 5 hours.

since 2003 2009

for 6 years

We have learned English since 2003.

We have learned English for 6 years.

7
 Choose:
1-We have lived in Aswan …….. ten years.
(for – since –
already)
2-I haven't seen him ………. last January.
(yet – for –
since)
3-Bill has been in England since ……….
(two years – two months –
2002)
4-They haven't played football ……… the last week.
(yet – for –
since)
5-You have slept ………. 9 O'clock. (since – for –
ago)
6- She has read stories ……. three hours. (since – for –
ago)
7- She hasn't swept the floor ………. (just – yet –
never)
8- Ali has ……….. done the job. (ago – already –
yet)
9- Samy has ……… left for school. (just – yet –
ever)
10- Have they arrived …….. ? (ago – already –
yet)
11- They haven't eaten ……….. (ago – already
– yet)
12- …… she come yet ? (Do – Has –
Have)

p.p + ) has / have ( : ‫* يتكون من‬

8
 : ‫* الكلمات الدالة‬
since & for & just & already & ever & never& yet
& lately & recently & up till now & so far & ever since

2 O'clock two hours

October four months
7th August three weeks
Sinc
2000 For years 8
e
he arrived ages
then a long time
last the last
…………... ..………

) p.p ( & ) has / have ( . ‫ ) بين‬just / already ( ‫* تأتى‬

. ‫ ) عند سؤال شخص ما عن تجاربه الشخصية‬ever ( ‫* تستخدم‬
- Have you ever been to Italy?
. )‫ ) عند الحديث عن مواقف جديدة مع (أفعل التفضيل‬ever ( ‫* تستخدم‬
- This is the tallest man I have ever seen.
. ‫ ) فى نهاية الجملة المنفية واالستفهامية‬yet ( ‫* تستخدم‬
.I haven't finished my homework yet -
?Has she phoned yet -

: Choose-
1-I …………….. as a teacher until recently.
(work – worked – has worked – was
working)
2-He …………… just now.
(arrived – arrives – had arrived – has
arrived)

9
 Something is wrong with his car, so he has taken it to the garage.
Something is wrong with his car, so it has been taken to the garage.

: Usage
.‫ يستخدم المضارع التام مع هذه الكلمات‬
‫ تأتى فى األسئلة و الجمل المثبتة‬: already
- Have you already written to John?
- He has already had dinner.
- I have seen the film already.
‫ تأتى فى الجمل المثبتة‬: just
-I’ve just spoken to Ahmed on the phone.
‫تأتى فى نهاية األسئلة و الجمل المنفية‬ : yet
- Has he arrived yet?
-They haven't eaten yet.
: ever
no one / no body / nothing ‫تأتى فى األسئلة و بعد صفات التفضيل و الجمل التى تبدأ بـ‬
- Have you ever been to the zoo?
- This is the most exciting film I have ever seen.
- Nothing like this has ever happened to us.
‫ تستخدم فى الجمل المنفية‬: never
-No, I have never been to the zoo.
: so far / lately / recently
-He has typed five letters so far.
- It has been hot lately.
- He has bought a new mobile recently.
‫ و يأتى بعدها مدة زمنية‬: for
- He has lived in Cairo for 10 years.
‫ يأتى بعدها بداية الحدث أو جملة فى زمن الماضى البسيط‬: since
-I haven’t seen him since last week.
-I haven’t seen him since he left for Cairo.

:‫ الحظ التركيب التالى‬

It’s / It’s been + ‫ مدة زمنية‬+ since ‫ماضى بسيط مثبت‬
-It’s ages since I last saw him.
‫ كما يستخدم المضارع التام مع هذه التعبيرات‬
 It’s/This is the first (second …) time …..
It’s the first time I have ever seen a lion.

 It’s (This) is the only ……

 In the last few years / months ‫فى السنوات األخيرة‬
 In recent years ‫فى السنوات الحديثة‬
 over the ages / over the years / over the centuries ‫القرون‬/‫ السنين‬/‫علي مر العصور‬
Ex: It’s the first time I have been to London.
This is the only friend I have met there.

10
 Egypt has changed a lot in the last few years.

1.

 Present Perfect 
Usage ‫استخدام‬
‫المضارع التام‬
)since / for( ‫ يستخدم ليصف حدث بدأ فى الماضى ومازال مستمرًا حتى الوقت الحاضر أو المستقبل‬
I have lived in Egypt since 1980.
I have lived in Egypt for 15 years.
.‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث ُم نتهى فى الماضى بدون تحديد الزمن‬
I have written many books. )‫لم يتم تحديد الزمن ( مضارع تام‬
I wrote many books last years. ) ‫تم تحديد الزمن ( ماضى بسيط‬

.‫األحداث التاريخية العتيقة واألفعال التى قام بها من ماتوا تأتى فى الماضى البسيط دون تحديد زمن‬
Ramsis II built many temples and monuments.
(( ‫لم نحدد الزمن ألنه رحل عن عالمنا‬
)just / already( ‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث قريب‬
 I've just finished my homework.  I've already finished my homework.
)never / yet( ‫ يستخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث يشير إلى شئ لم يحدث بعد‬
 I've never been to Europe.
 I haven't finished my homework yet.
 Has she phoned yet? No, she hasn’t phoned yet.
.)ever( ‫ يستخدم عند سؤال شخص ما عن تجاربه الشخصية‬
 Have you ever been to Italy?

.I’ve seen him recently ‫تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المثبتة‬)recently(

?Have you seen him lately ‫االستفهامية‬/‫تأتى فى نهاية الجملة المنفية‬ (lately)
 I haven't seen him lately.
Have been to / has been to ‫ذهب و عاد‬
Have gone to / has gone to ‫ذهب و لم يعد‬
‫مالحظات‬
‫ والعكس نطرح من الفترة الحالية‬for ‫ بدال من‬since ‫)) عند استخدام‬1
I have worked in teaching since 1998. I have worked in teaching for 10
years.
I have lived in Tanta for 8 years. I have lived in Tanta since 2000.
since ‫مدة ولكنها غير معلومة وطلب وضع‬for ‫)) اذا جاء بعد‬2
11
 It's + ‫ المدة‬+ since + ‫ماضى بسيط مثبت‬ ‫نستخدم‬

 I haven’t eaten shrimps for a long time.

 It’s a long time since I ate shrimps.
 I haven’t visited Aswan for ages.
 It’s ages since I visited Aswan.
‫ واستخدم المضارع‬last ‫ احذف‬since ‫ ) وطلب منك وضع‬last……when ( ‫)) اذا جالك‬3
.‫ مكانها‬since ‫ وضع‬when ‫التام المنفى واحذف‬
 I last ate shrimps when I was in Alex . ( since )
*I haven't eaten shrimps since I was in Alex .
‫) ) عند استخدام‬ago( ‫ بدال من‬since & for ‫) نستخدم‬4(

‫ فاعل‬+ ( began to / started to) +‫المدة‬.……………‫المصدر‬+ + ago

He has worked in Italy since 2000 . ( ago )
 He began to work in Italy eight years ago .
:‫ نستخدم‬before ‫ وتنتهى بـ‬not / never ‫) ) اذا كانت الجملة فى المضارع التام المنفى بـ‬5

It’s the first time + ‫ ( الفاعل‬have / has) +ever +p.p

 I have not eaten shrimps before.
 It’s the first time I have ever eaten shrimps .
ago‫ حول الجملة الى المضارع التام واحذف المدة التى تسبق‬just ‫ و طلب وضع‬ago ‫)) اذا جالك‬6
 He came a moment ago . ( just )
 He has just come .
short time a go ‫ حول الجملة الى ماضى بسيط و استخدم‬ago ‫ و طلب وضع‬just ‫)) اذا جالك‬7
He has just finished his work . ( ago )
He finished his work a moment ago .
‫ مقارنة) نستخدم‬/ ‫ وتنتهى بصفة(عادية‬never / not‫)) اذا كانت الجملة فى المضارع التام المنفى بـ‬8

‫ صفة التفضيل‬+ ‫ فاعل‬+ ‫ ( الفاعل‬have / has) +ever +p.p

I have never seen a man better than Ramy.
Ramy is the best man I have ever seen.
passive ‫فى حالة المبنى للمجهول‬

‫ المفعول‬.have been / has been +P.P +

They have built the house. The house has been built.
Keywords ‫الكلمات الدالة على‬
‫المضارع التام‬
Since + ‫بداية زمن‬ ever since ‫منذ ذلك الحين‬
since + ‫ماضى بسيط‬ just ‫حـاًال‬
for + ‫مدة محددة‬ up to now ‫حتى االن‬
yet ‫فى نهاية الجملة المنفية واالستفهامية‬ already ‫بالفعل‬

12
 ever ‫فى السؤال‬ recently ‫حـديثا‬
never ‫فى الـــنفى‬ lately ‫مـؤخـــــرا‬
so far ‫حتي االن‬
Since + ‫نقطة بداية محددة‬ For + ‫ فترة زمنية‬/ ‫مدة‬
12 O’clock Two hours
October Four months
7th August Three weeks
Since 2000 For 8 years
He arrived Ages
Then A long time
Last ……………... The last …………..

My brother learnt (learned) to drive last year.

.‫استخدم الماضي البسيط للتعبير عن حدث ُم كتمل فى الماضي و فى وقت محدد‬
Use the past simple for a completed past action.
My brother has learnt ( learned) to drive.
.‫استخدم المضارع التام للتعبير عن حدث تم منذ فترة قريبة أو عندما ال نعرف زمن حدوث الفعل أو لوصف خبرة بشكل عام‬

Have been to / has been to ‫ذهب و عاد‬

Have gone to / has gone to ‫ذهب و لم يعد‬
Ali has been to Italy. ( He is here now).
Mona has gone to Tanta. ( He is there now)

1- a -I've written stories for five years.

b- I wrote stories for five years.
a- He began writing stories and he is still writing.
b- He wrote stories in the past but now he doesn’t.
2- a- when she suggested the idea, I tried using a computer,
b- When she suggested the idea, I'd tried using a computer.
a- She suggested first then I tried her idea on the computer.
b- I used the computer before she suggested the idea.
3- a-I changed my novel six times.
b-My novel was changed six times.
a- I changed the story by myself.
b- May be ,someone changed it
4- a- I used to write stories very quickly.
b- I wrote the stories very quickly.
a- I wrote stories very quickly several times.
b- I wrote stories very quickly once.
13
 Choose the correct answer:
1- I (used to read-was reading-had read-have read) the newspaper everyday. Now
I don’t have the time.
2- As soon as he (takes-has taken-will take-had taken) the photograph, he showed
it to his friend.
3- I (was taken-took-was taking-had taken) to a football match at the weekend.
4- I (already saw-have already seen-had already seen-was already seeing) the film
before I read the book.
5- What (did you do-were you doing-have you done-do you do) when I called
you?
6- I (have had-had-had had-was having) my own computer for three years now.
7- While I (did-was doing-have done-doing) my homework, my sister was listening
to music.
8- The windows at school (cleaned-were cleaning-were cleaned-had cleaned) this
morning.
9- We (told-were telling-have told-were told) to give in our homework on Tuesday.
10- I (enjoy-was enjoying-enjoyed-have enjoyed) reading novels since I was a
young child.
11- Yesterday, my sister gave me a book she (had finished-has finished-finished-
was finished) reading the day before.
12- The parcel (delivered-was delivering-was delivered-had delivered) when I was
reading the newspaper.
13- I (used to read-was reading-had read-have read) at least one book a week, but
now I don’t read so many.
14- I’ve played football (since-for-ago-from) five years.
15- We (haven’t decided-didn’t decide-hadn’t decided-don’t decide) what to do for
the holidays yet.
16- At the age of seven, my parents (are taking-were taking-took-take) me to
Jordan.
17- Someone phoned me while I (cook-was cooked-am cooking-was cooking) the
dinner.
18- Something is wrong with his car, so he (has taken-has been taken-was taken-is
being taken) it to the garage.
19- I (have seen-saw-would see-was seen) him a few days ago.
20- Hamlet (wrote-had written-was written-was writing) by Shakespeare.

:Rewrite-
I have worked in teaching since 1996. ( for )-1

14
2-I have lived in Tanta for 8 years. ( since )

3-I haven’t eaten shrimps for a long time. ( since )

4-I haven’t visited Aswan for ages. ( since )

5-I last ate shrimps when I was in Alex . ( since )

6-She last watched TV when she was on holiday. (since)

7-The last time I saw Ali was two years ago. (since)

8-He has worked in Italy since 2000 . ( ago )

9-She has lived in Alex for 5 years. ( ago )

10-They have been playing football for 2 hours. (ago)

11- When did you start driving cars? (How long)

12-He has just finished his work . ( ago )

13-He came a moment ago . ( just )

14-She has never seen a fox before. (ever)

15-I have not eaten shrimps before . ( ever )

16-I have never seen a man better than Ramy. ( ever )

17-We have never met a girl more intelligent than Rana.

(ever)
15
18-No city of those I have visited is smaller than Banha.
(ever)

19-Sara is still working. (yet)

20-They are still reading the books. (finished)

16
17
18