**Chapter-I: Vectors**

1. a. Scalar Quantity:
A quantity that has only magnitude and no
direction, like mass or temperature.
b. Vector Quantity:
A quantity that has both magnitude and
direction, like displacement or velocity.

c. Dot product between vectors:

Also known as scalar product, it results in a
scalar quantity and is calculated by multiplying
corresponding components of two vectors and
then summing them up.
d. Cross product between vectors:
Also known as vector product, it results in a
vector quantity perpendicular to the plane
formed by the two vectors being multiplied, and
its magnitude is calculated using the sine of the
angle between them.
e. Unit, equal, and null vectors:
Unit vector has a magnitude of 1 and points in
a specific direction. Equal vectors have the
same magnitude and direction. Null vector has
zero magnitude and can have any direction.
f. Resolution of vector:
 Breaking down a vector into its components
along different axes, typically perpendicular to
each other.
2. Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the
magnitude of the displacement, given the
distances traveled in the west and south
directions.
3. Use trigonometric functions to find the
horizontal and vertical components of the
vector.
4. Use the cosine rule to find the magnitude of
the resultant vector.
5. Use the cosine rule to find the angle
between the vectors.
6. Calculate the magnitude using the
Pythagorean theorem and the angle using
trigonometric functions.
7. Subtract the given displacement from the
desired displacement to find the additional
displacement vector.
8. Break down the displacement into its north
and east components, then use trigonometric
functions to find the total displacement.
9. If the cross product of two vectors is zero,
they are either parallel or one of them is a null
vector.
10. Use the given vectors to calculate their dot
product, cross product, and angle between
them.
11. Find the magnitude of the sum of the given
vectors.

**Chapter-II: Kinematics**
1. - Position: The location of an object relative
to a reference point.
- Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity.
- Acceleration due to gravity: The
acceleration experienced by objects in free fall
due to Earth's gravity.
- Retarding acceleration: Negative
acceleration, causing a decrease in velocity.
- Speed: The magnitude of velocity.
 - Velocity: The rate of change of
displacement with respect to time, including
direction.
- Distance: The total path length traveled.
- Displacement: The change in position of an
object from its initial to final position.
- Free fall: Motion under the influence of
gravity alone.
- Instantaneous velocity and acceleration:
Velocity and acceleration at a specific instant in
time.
- Kinematics: The study of motion without
considering its causes.
- Translational motion: Motion where objects
move without rotating.
- Rotational motion: Motion where objects
rotate about an axis.
- Uniformly accelerated motion: Motion with
constant acceleration.
- Trajectory of projectile: The path followed
by a projectile under the influence of gravity.
- Range of projectile: The horizontal distance
traveled by a projectile.
- Tangential and centripetal acceleration:
Tangential acceleration is along the direction of
motion, while centripetal acceleration is
directed towards the center of circular motion.
 - Centripetal force: The force directed
towards the center of circular motion that
keeps an object in its circular path.
2. a. Find the displacement by subtracting the
position at
\(t = 0\) from the position at \(t = 1\) second.
b. Calculate average velocity by dividing the
displacement by the time interval.
 c. Derive the instantaneous velocity function
by differentiating the position function with
respect to time.
d. Substitute \(t = 2\) into the instantaneous
velocity function to find the velocity at that time.
3. Use the kinematic equation for free fall to
find the time taken by the ball to reach the
ground.
4. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the acceleration.
5. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the final velocity.
6. a. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the time taken to stop the truck.
b. Use the kinematic equation to find the
distance traveled during that time.
7. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the acceleration.
8. Use the equation of uniformly
accelerated motion to find the final velocity.
9. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the time taken for the car to
decelerate.
10. Use the equation of uniformly accelerated
motion to find the displacement.