DOE full factorials

To conduct trials is
hecessary but experiments are expensive ,
time
consuming
. ..

Experimentation Us
.
happenstance data What to use to obtain information ?

Not planified collected information (Maintenance

Happenstance data :
registers, client comments s ... >

Aging

4
be useful but have limitations Data is inconsistent
They can o

Repairs

Change of procedures

&
at the
Experimental strategy Design : the whole plan beginning
Experimentation
sequential strategy Adapt : the following experiments based on the results from previous experiments

sequential strategy

Golden Rule Don't invest all your experimental first experiment (set of runs)
- St :
budget in a

One factor at a time · Not useful when there's interaction between factors (most of the times)

-
Fix the level of factors but one

-
Find the optimal value for this factor and fix it

Repeat process until all factors are

optimized

Example

objective : Max(Y) Inconsistent !

Factors) Temperate e Problem : Variables are interactive

↑
-130
Actual conditions 102 I
1 40

t = 45 min

Interaction

the the level of the other (The effect with

We
say two factors interact when the effect of one over
response depends on

eachother is not additive (

Best option : Move variables together

Response variability

We don't twice the same result even when repeating the same experiment
get

& inputsimental
in
changes conditions

Process variables
...

summary

Look at happenstance data but be aware of the inconviniences

-Follow a
sequential strategy
-
Don't experiment with one variable at a time a Full factorial designs

-
Think about interactions

keep in mind variability of results

Full factorial
designs

-
Generate a lot of useful info .

-
small number of runs

Easy to construct , analize and interpret

-

-
Good for interaction detection

2 Level Factorial Designs(2K)

at two levels I nconvenient

of each factor
Experiments conducted only
only linear relations can be estimated

·
Number of factors

2 -number of runs
Advantages :

Excellent effort-information ration

Number of levels

to build analize and interpret

Easy ,

Easy to combine to obtain more complex designs

Example :

We run experiments in random order

results under conditions

to
protect inequality

order of the experiments

Even
using same factors , there's variability

-
1 + 1

Representation of results (max . Three factors)

L
17
.
= 17 + 17 + 18 + 20 = 18 (Effect of length)
4

" T= 4 5+ 6+ 9 1 5 /Nonsense) Interaction with steel

is !
- -
-
= .

q
. 4
G B

I
5
4
= 4
STA T .5 ( 4 5)
-

= =
7. 5

&
-

↑
- -
- -

·
6
.

20 *
2
-
4 j
A
-
13
. 9
-
*
ST B 7.. E

... 6
+ -T = + =
6
18
- 4
- Difference in numbers ~ interaction

It helps us interpret

it with maximum three factors

We can represent

To calculate effects with more than three factors we use the signs algorithm
Full factorial
designs

-
Generate a lot of useful info .

-
small number of runs

Easy to construct , analize and interpret

-

-
Good for interaction detection

2 Level Factorial Designs(2K)

at two levels I nconvenient

of each factor
Experiments conducted only
only linear relations can be estimated

·
Number of factors

2 -number of runs
Advantages :

Excellent effort-information ration

Number of levels

to build analize and interpret

Easy ,

Easy to combine to obtain more complex designs

Example :

We run experiments in random order

results under conditions

to
protect inequality

order of the experiments

Even
using same factors , there's variability

-
1 + 1

Representation of results (max . Three factors)

L
17
.
= 17 + 17 + 18 + 20 = 18 (Effect of length)
4

" T= 4 5+ 6+ 9 1 5 /Nonsense) Interaction with steel

is !
- -
-
= .

q
. 4
G B

I
5
4
= 4
STA T .5 ( 4 5)
-

= =
7. 5

&
-

↑
- -
- -

·
6
.

20 *
2
-
4 j
A
-
13
. 9
-
*
ST B 7.. E

... 6
+ -T = + =
6
18
- 4
- Difference in numbers ~ interaction

It helps us interpret

it with maximum three factors

We can represent

To calculate effects with more than three factors we use the signs algorithm
2
.
Analitically) If experiment has been conducted more than once (replicates)

From the SE of the effects

-

.
1
Estimate variability of the
system si- (variance between responses with same factors and average)

sex
. Estimate
2
variability of effects : Difference of averages =
el

Ni Hof 2 52R
4 sex
02 02 402 runs r 4
V(Y+
:
Y)
.

V(effect)
.

= = + =
= &
-

NT/2 NT/2 NT Vin of replicates NT

.
3 carry out a
significance test

- Effect O
Compare with Povalue Povalve : Measures probability of
being wrong
Sef

Visually : See how close effects are from zero

of result
-

Interpretation

We only care about the significant effects

1 = 185 = 8 TS = 6

Represent graphically

The effect of thickness depends on

the steel type and viceversa

Create a model Half of the effect

·

y = 81 75.
+ 9 -
45 + 35T
b &.
constant
/Average) we
put them in coded units

! Models lead you to extrapolate