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Handout
Handout
Review
2. List the sequential steps Dexter needs to follow to obtain a sample from the given
population.
Possible Answer:
Formulate research questions and objectives.
Know who are your population.
Identify the most appropriate sampling technique.
Follow the ethical standards in conducting research.
Collect the data from the respondents.
3. Explain how each step Dexter takes contributes to the overall process of obtaining a
sample from the population.
Sample:
A small part of something intended as representative of the whole
items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the
population
Pertains to the systematic process of selecting the group to be analyzed in the research
study
Refers to the representative subset of the population
Probability sampling
Is a method that makes you base your selection of respondents on pure chance.
All are given equal opportunity or chance to form the sample that is capable of reflecting
the characteristics of the whole population from where such sample was drawn.
Types of Probability Sampling:
Simple-random sampling- choosing of respondents based on pure chance.
-It is a way of choosing individuals in which all members of the accessible
population are given an equal chance to be selected.
Systematic sampling- picking out from the list every 5th or every 8th member listed in
the sampling frame until the completion of the desired total number of respondents.
-This procedure is as simple as selecting samples every nth (example every 2nd,
5th) of the chosen population until arriving at a desired total number of sample
size.
Stratified sampling- choosing a sample that will later on be subdivided into strata, sub-
groups, or sub-samples during the stage of data analysis.
- The same with simple random sampling, stratified random sampling also gives
an equal chance to all members of the population to be chosen.
-However, the population is first divided into strata or groups before selecting the
samples. The samples are chosen from these subgroups and not directly from the
entire population. This procedure is best used when the variables of the study are
also grouped into classes such as gender and grade level.
Cluster sampling- selecting respondents in clusters, rather than in separate individuals
such as choosing 4 classes of 86 students each from a whole population of 2,500 students.
- This procedure is usually applied in large-scale studies, geographical spread out
of the population is a challenge, and gathering information will be very time-
consuming.
APPLICATION
1. A researcher is interested in knowing the job satisfaction of government
employees working in DPWH. The administrative officer gives the researcher a
numbered list of the entire population.
Answer: B. Stratified
Justification: Since the population (government employees in DPWH) can
be divided into distinct strata (e.g., departments, job positions), and the
administrative officer provides a numbered list of the entire population, the
appropriate sampling technique is stratified sampling.
2. A certain tribe in Mindanao was selected by the researcher to be his respondents.
He started his data collection by asking the total number of tribe members and
asking each to write their names on a piece of paper.
Answer: C. Simple random
Justification: Each member of the tribe has an equal chance of being
selected, as the researcher collects data by asking each member to write
their name on a piece of paper. Therefore, the appropriate sampling
technique is simple random sampling.
3. Teachers in Kalabugao NHS were selected by the researcher to be studied. He
finds out that they are grouped according to learning areas.
Answer: A. Cluster
Justification: Since the teachers are grouped according to learning areas,
and the researcher selects entire groups (clusters) to study instead of
individuals, the appropriate sampling technique is cluster sampling.
4. A doctorate student was assigned to gather data by his adviser from the entire
Negros Island.
Answer: C. Simple random
Justification: If the doctorate student gathers data from the entire
population of Negros Island and ensures each individual on the island has
an equal chance of being selected, the appropriate sampling technique is
simple random sampling.