MEDIA LANGUAGE color, etc.

) or iconic symbols that are

What are Media Languages? easily understood. Symbolic codes in
 Codes media include setting, mise en scene,
 Conventions acting and color.
 Formats
 Symbols, and; a) Setting
 narrative structure that indicate the  the time and place of the
meaning of media messages to narrative. A setting can be a s
audience. big as the galaxy or space, or as
small as a specific room. It can
What are Codes? even be a created atmosphere or
 In media studies, codes are known as frame of mind.
a system or collection of signs that b) Misc en Scene
create meaning when put together.  the stage setting, everything
As boy scouts, or girl scout, you within the frame. The
might be familiar with the use of arrangement of actors and
Morse code, the smoke signals, or scenery on a stage for a
the signal flags for relating a theatrical production (merriam-
message to another. webster).
* Semiotics is the study of signs.  In media terms it has become to
mean the description of all the
THREE TYPES OF MEDIA CODES objects within a frame of the
1. Symbolic media product and how they
2. Technical have been arranged. An analysis
3. Written
of mise en scene includes: Set
c) Acting
1. The Symbolic Codes
 These codes show what is beneath
the surface of what we see (objects,
setting, body language, clothing,
  The actors portray characters in
media products and contribute to
character development, creating
tension or advancing.
d) Color
 highly cultural and strong
connotations.
 When studying the use of color
in a media product the different
aspects to be looked at are:
every shot is chosen for a reason.
Changing how an object or person is
framed can drastically alter how
audience react to that character/
object. There is no such thing as
neutral.
 TECH TERMS
1. Camerawork
 refers to how the camera

Dominant color, Contrasting is operated, positioned

foils, and Color Symbolism. and moved for specific

effects. Camerawork
2. The Technical Codes includes: Positioning,
 The technical codes include sound, Movement, Framing,
camera angles, types of shots and Exposure, and Lens
lightning. They may include, for choice.
example, ominous music to 2. Editing
communicate danger in a feature  is the process of
film, or high-angle camera shots to choosing, manipulating
create a feeling of power in a and arranging images
photograph. Technical codes in and sound.
media may include Camerawork, 3. Audio

Editing, Audio and Lightning. The  is the expressive or

actor portrays a character through: naturalistic use of

Facial expression, Movement and sound. The three aspects

Body Contact. of audio are: Dialogue,

 Film makers control what the Sound effects, and

audience focus on and therefore Music.

 4. Lighting 6. Medium Shot (MS)
 is the manipulation of 7. Medium Close Up (MCU)
natural or artificial light 8. Close Up (CU)
to selectively highlight 9. Extreme Close UP (ECU)

specific elements of the

scene.
 Elements of lighting
include: Quality,
Direction, Source, &
Colour. Camera shots
are an essential aspect
of filmmaking and video
productions, because by
combining different
types of shots, angels
and camera movements,
the filmmakers are able
to emphasize specific
Photo caption
emotions, ideas and
 also known as cut lines, are a few
movement for each
lines of text used to explain or
scene.
elaborate on published photographs.

Camera Shot Sizes

Comic Strips
1. Extreme Wide Shot (ELS)
 is a sequence of drawings arranged
2. Long Shot (LS) / Wide Shot (WS)
in interrelated panels to display brief
3. Full Shot (FS)
humor or form a narrative, often
4. Medium Long Shot (MLS) / Medium
serialized, with text in balloons and
Wide Shot (MWS)
captions.
5. Cowboy Shot
Camera Shot Framing for comedy.
 is the art and science of placing
subjects in your shots. Camera shots
are all about composition. Rather
than pointing the camera at the
subject, you need to compose an Three Shot

image.  A three-shot features three characters

 For filmmakers and videographers, a in the frame. Three shots are really

major consideration for framing is important in adventure films, or

the number of subjects you feature in really any film that has a group of

our shots, and their physical characters, because it is an enormous

relationship to each other and the time drain to shoot 3 single just to

camera. show every character, not to mention

jarring.

Types of Camera Shot Framing

Single Shot
 What you shot captures one subject Over-the Shoulder Shot (OTS)

it's known as a single shot. This can  Another elements of camera shots to

be set and framed in any shot size consider is the perspective of the

you like, just as long as there is only shot. An over-the-shoulder shot

one character featured within the shows your subject from behind the

frame. shoulder of another character.

Because it emulates perspective, it's

Two Shot common in conversation scenes.

 is camera shot with two characters

featured in the frame. Two shots are Point-of-View Shot (POV)

often really useful for allowing  A POV shot is camera shot that

performances to play out in a single shows the viewer exactly what the

take, which can be especially useful character sees. This transports the
 audience into the character. A point study of written codes includes:
of View shot (POV) is generally  Headlines / Titles - It is the

sandwiched between two other shots. text indicating the nature of

A camera shot of a character looking the article below it.

at something.  Typeface/Font

Camera Focus  Slogans / Taglines

What is depth of Field?  Captions (print) or inter-titles

 Depth of Field (DOF) is the term (moving image)

used to describe the size of the area  Style

in your image where objects appear  Choice of words

acceptably sharp. The area in  The use of language style and textual

questions is known as the field, and layout also express meaning. In

the size (in z-space) of the area is the newspapers for instance, the layout

depth of that field. The center most speaks about the degree of

point of the field is known as the importance of a news story with

point of focus. The imaginary two respect to other news stories.

dimensional plane that extends from Typically, newspaper editors follow

the point is known as the plan of the inverted "S" of news layout

focus. because the mode by which people

read would be from left to right and

Types of Camera Shot Focus from the upper fold of the newspaper

1. Rack Focus / Focus Pull down to the lower fold.

2. Shallow Focus
3. Deep Focus Conventions

4. Tilt-Shift  Conventions are accepted ways of

using media codes. Conventions are

3. The Written Codes closely connected to the audience

 use of language style and textual expectations of a media product.
layout (headlines, captions, speech Different types of conventions
bubbles, language style, etc.) The include form conventions, story
 conventions and genre conventions.
Form Conventions
 certain ways we expect types of
media codes to be arranged. For
instance, an audience expects to
have a title of the film at the
beginning, and then credits at the
end. Newspapers will have the
headline or the most important news
on the front page and sports news on
the back page. Video games usually
start with a tutorial to explain the
mechanics of how the game works.
Story Conventions
 common narrative structures and
understandings that are common in
story telling media products.
 Examples of story conventions
include: Narrative structures, Cause
and effect, Character construction,
and Point of View.
Genre Conventions
 point to the common use of images,
characters, settings or themes in a
particular type of medium. Genre
conventions are closely linked with
audience expectations. Genre
conventions can be formal or
thematic.
Genre Conventions
 point to the common use of images,
characters, settings or themes in a
particular type of medium. Genre
conventions are closely linked with
audience expectations. Genre
conventions can be formal or
thematic.
Regulatory Signs
 signs that inform road users of
traffic laws and regulations which,
if disregarded, will constitute an
offense
1. Priority Signs, like Stop sign, Give way
sign,beft turner must give way
2. Direction Signs
3. Prohibitive / Restriction Signs
4. Speed Signs
5. Parking Signs
6. Miscellaneous Signs
Warning Signs
  Signs used to warn motorists of
 Journalists are the first
potentially hazardous conditions on
or adjacent to the road.It advises
chroniclers of history.
motorists of road conditions that
require caution and may call for a
reduction in speed, in the interest of DUTY #2: Witness to History
safety and that of other road users.
1. Horizontal signs  Pheidippides
2. Intersection signs
 490 bc – “battle of marathon”
3. Advance Warning/ Traffic Control
Device Signs  The work of Pheidippides is to
4. Road Width Signs
5. Road Obstacle Signs
share the news
6. Pedestrian School Signs
 Marathon to Athens

 2 days pabalik pabalik (240

IMPORTANCE OF

kilometers)
JOURNALISM ( HOWIE
 “Rejoice we have won” said by
SEVERONO)
Pheidippides when Athens won

DUTY #1: Spreaders of

over Persia.

Information  Distance from Athens to

Maraton= 42 km
DUTY#3: Watchdog of Society - MAGING MIKROPONO NG

 La solaridad (rizal, marcelo del

TAUMBAYAN

pilar, graciano lopez-jaena)

“Makapangyarihan ang ating
 1970 (mosquito press)

salita, siguraduhing ito’y tama at

DUTY #4: Forum of Ideas

totoo.”
 DEMOCRACY

 demos= people, Kratia= NEWS VALUES AND

power GATEKEEPING (ZEN

HERNANDEZ)
Judiciary, executive, legislature,

media Choose the “NEWSWORTHY”

- SHARE TRUE INFORMATIONS  “Ano ang mga balita na deseve

- MAGING SAKSI SA ibalita at alin ang hindi”

KASAYSAYAN
“Gatekeeping”
- MAGING BANTAY SA

LIPUNAN
  “The process through which 2. Significance

 Kahalagahan
information is filtered for

 Traffict
dissemination”- KURT
3. Proximity
ZADEK LEWIN
 Relate (relatable)

 Culture example holy

week

 Xmas stories

 Regional channels

 “Everything has a gate”-

*before

Kurt Zadek Lewin

4. Prominence

 Kasikatan
Criteria
 Politiko, artista famous
 NEWS VALUES -is the criteria

Five news values peopls

5. Oddity

1. Timeliness
 Kakaiba

 Latest (napapanahon)
 Out of the ordinary
  Horror are exampe too  Where

 When
- Complete details
 Why
- May resibo
 How
- COMPLETE
 PEOPLE TRAIL

 Is the information taken

PROCESS OF NEWS

in talking to the experts,

PRODUCTION (KARMINA

officials, and people that

CONSTANTINO)

involved in the news

STEP #1: FINDING A NEWS
 PAPER TRAIL

LEAD
 Are theinformation taken

from documents, books,

STEP #2: ORIGINAL RESEARCH

 5 W’S AND 1 H must be statistics

 Information from the

present.

 Who internet also called

 What “paper trail”

  Executive production (decides
STEP #3: NEWS WRITING
if it will be aired or not)
 KISS

 Keep It Short and Simple

 “Our goal is to provide

ABC OF JOURNALISM
information, not cause of

confusion.
A- Accuracy (makatotohanan)

B- Brevity (maikli)
STEP #4: EDITING
C- Clarity (malinaw)
 Quality check

 News editor (newspaper/

“Even though it is short, we must

dyaryo)

make sure that,:”

 Segmemt procedure( script for

 KUMPLETO- Compelete
television)

details
 Editor-in-chief (after segment

procedure)
 FAIRNESS- understand and

take infromation each side,

both side.

Ways to know if the infos are fake

– “FAKE NEWS.”

TIP #1: Check the source and

writer

TIP #2: Check the date