3 Area Under the Curve

Area Under the Curves

(a) Area bounded by the curve y = f(x), the x-axis and the ordinates at x = a and x = b is
b
given by A =  ydx -axis and b > a. Here vertical strip of
a

thickness dx is considered at distance x.

(b) -axis then A is negative and we consider the

b
magnitude only, i.e. A =  ydx
a

c b
(c) If curve crosses the x-axis at x = c, then A =  ydx +  ydx
a c

(d) Sometimes integration w.r.t. y is very useful (horizontal strip):

Area bounded by the curve, y-axis and the two abscissae at
b
y = a and y = b is written as A =  xdy
a

Note: If the curve is symmetric and suppose it has 'n' symmetric portions, then total area = n

(Area of one symmetric portion).

Area Under the Curve 97

Example 1:
 
Find the area bounded by y = sec2 x, x = , x = & x-axis
6 3
Solution:
 /3  /3
  1 2
Area bounded =  ydx =  sec xdx = [tanx]/3 = tan tan = 3− sq. units
2
=
 /6  /6
/6
3 6 3 3

Example 2:
Find the area in the first quadrant bounded by y = 4x2, x = 0, y = 1 and y = 4.
Solution:
4
4 4
y 1 2 
Required area =  xdy =
1

1 2
dy =  y3/2 
2 3 1
1 3/2 1
= [4 − 1] = [8 − 1]
3 3
7 1
= = 2 sq. units
3 3

Example 3:

Find the area bounded by the curve y = sin2x, x-axis and the lines

 3
x= and x =
4 4

Solution:

Required area

 /2 3  /4  /2 3  /4
 cos2x   cos2x 
=  sin2xdx + 
 /4  /2
sin2xdx =  −

 + −
2  /4 

2  /2

1 1
= − [−1 − 0] + (0 + (−1)) = 1 sq. units
2 2

Concept Builders - 1

(i) Find the area bounded by y = x2 + 2 above x-axis between x = 2 & x = 3.

(ii) Using integration, find the area of the curve y = 1 − x2 with co-ordinate axes bounded in first

quadrant.

(iii) Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2cosx and the x-axis from x = 0 to x = 2

1
(iv) Find the area bounded by the curve y = x|x|, x-axis and the ordinates x = − and x=1.
2

98 Area Under the Curve

Area Enclosed Between Two Curves

(a)
x2

A=  (y
x1
1
− y2 )dy

x2

A=  [f(x) − g(x)]dx
x1

(b) In case horizontal strip is taken we have

y2

A=  (x
y1
1
− x2 )dy

y2

A=  [f(y) − g(y)]dy
y1

(c) If the curves y1 = f(x) and y2 = g(x) intersect at x = c, then required area
c b b
A=  (g(x) − f(x))dx +  (f(x) − g(x))dx =
a c
 | f(x) − g(x) | dx
a

Note: Required area must have all the boundaries indicated in the problem.

Example 4:
Find the area bounded by the curve y = (x 1) (x 2) (x 3) lying between the ordinates x = 0
and x = 3 and x-axis
Solution:
To determine the sign, we follow the usual rule of change of sign.
y = +ve for x > 3 y = ve for 2 < x < 3
y = +ve for 1 < x < 2 y = ve for x < 1.
3 1 2 3 1 2 3

 | y | dx =  | y | dx +  | y | dx +  | y | dx =
0 0 1 2
 −ydx +  ydx +  −ydx
0 1 2

Now lets
F(x) =  (x − 1)(x − 2)(x − 3)dx =  (x − 6x2 + 11x − 6)dx
3

1 4 11 2
= x 2x3 + x 6x.
4 2
9 9
 F(0) = 0, F(1) = , F(2) = 2, F(3) = .
4 4
3
Hence required Area = [F(1) F(0)] + [F(2) F(1)] [F(3) F(2)] = 2 sq.units.
4

Area Under the Curve 99

 Example 5:

Compute the area of the figure bounded by the straight lines x = 0, x = 2 and the curves

y = 2x, y = 2x x2.

Solution:
2
The required area =  (y 1 − y2 )dx
0

2
where y1 = 2x and y2 = 2x x2 =  (2 − 2x + x2 )dx
x

0
2
 2x 1   4 8 1 3 4
=  − x2 + x 3  =  −4+  = − sq. units
 ln2 3 0  ln2 3 ln2 ln2 3

Example 6:
Compute the area of the figure bounded by the parabolas x = 2y2, x = 1 3y2.
Solution:
Solving the equations x = 2y2, x = 1 3y2, we find that
ordinates of the points of intersection of the two curves as
y1 = 1, y2 = 1.
The points are ( 2, 1) and ( 2, 1).
The required area
1 1
2 (x1 − x2 )dy = 2 [(1 − 3y2 ) − (−2y2 )]dy
0 0

1 1
 y3  4
= 2 (1 − y2 )dy = 2  y −  = sq. units
0  3 0 3

Concept Builders - 2

(i) Find the area bounded by y = x and y = x.

(ii) Find the area bounded by the curves x = y2 and x = 3 2y2.

1
(iii) Find the area of the region bounded by the curves x = , x = 2, y = logx and y = 2x.
2

100 Area Under the Curve

Curve Tracing

The following procedure is to be applied in sketching the graph of a function y = f(x) which in turn will
be extremely useful to quickly and correctly evaluate the area under the curves.
(a) Symmetry: The symmetry of the curve is judged as follows:
(i) If all the powers of y in the equation are even then the curve is symmetrical
about the axis of x.
(ii) If all the powers of x are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of y.
(iii) If powers of x & y both are even, the curve is symmetrical about the axis of x as
well as y.
(iv) If the equation of the curve remains unchanged on interchanging x and y, then
the curve is symmetrical about y = x.
(v) If on interchanging the signs of x & y both, the equation of the curve is unaltered
then there is symmetry in opposite quadrants.
(b) Find dy/dx & equate it to zero to find the points on the curve where you have horizontal
tangents.
(c) Find the points where the curve crosses the x-axis & also the y-axis.
(d) Examine if possible the intervals when f(x) is increasing or decreasing. Examine what
→  or .

Example 7:
Find the area of a loop as well as the whole area of the curve a 2y2 = x2 (a2 x2).
Solution:
The curve is symmetrical about both the axes. It cuts x-axis at
a a
x 2
(0, 0), ( a, 0), (a, 0) Area of a loop = 2 ydx = 2 a − x2 dx
0 0
a
a a
1 1 2  2
=
a0 a2 − x2 (−2x)dx =  (a2 − x2 )3/2  = a2
a 3 0 3
2 2 4 2
Total area = 2 × a = a sq. units.
3 3

Example 8
Find the whole area included between the curve x2y2 = a2(y2 x2) and its asymptotes.
Solution:
(i) The curve is symmetric about both the axes (even powers of x and y)
(ii) Asymptotes are x = ±a
a
A = 4 ydx
0
a
ax a
= 4 dx = 4a − a2 − x2 = 4a2
0 a 2 − x2 0

Area Under the Curve 101

 Example 9:
Find the area bounded by the curve xy2 = 4a2(2a x) and its asymptote.
Solution:
(i) The curve is symmetrical about the x-axis as it contains even powers of y.
(ii) It passes through (2a,0).
(iii) Its asymptote is x = 0, i.e., y-axis.
2a 2a
2a − x
A = 2  ydx = 2  2a dx
0 0
x
Put x = 2a sin 2

 /2
A = 16a2  cos
2
d = 4a2
0

Important Points
(a) Since area remains invariant even if the co-ordinate axes are shifted, hence shifting of
origin in many cases proves to be very convenient in computing the area.

Example 10:
Find the area enclosed by |x 1| + |y + 1| = 1.
Solution:
Shift the origin to (1, 1).
X=x 1 Y=y+1
|X| + |Y| = 1
Area = 2  2 = 2 sq. units.

Example 11:
Find the area of the region common to the circle x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y 3 = 0 and the parabola
x + 4x = 6y + 14.
2

Solution:
Circle is x2 + y2 + 4x + 6y 3=0
 (x + 2) + (y + 3) = 16
2 2

Shifting origin to ( 2, 3).

X + Y = 16
2 2

equation of parabola → (x + 2)2 = 6(y + 3)

 X2 = 6Y
Solving circle & parabola, we get X = ± 2 3
Hence, they intersect at (−2 3,2) & (2 3,2)
2 4

A = 2   6YdY +  16 − Y2 dY 
 0 2 
2 Y 16 Y    4 3 32 
4

= 6[Y3/2 ]20 +  16 − Y2 + sin−1   =  −  sq. units

 3 2 2 4 0   3 3 


102 Area Under the Curve

 Concept Builders - 3

(i) Find the area inside the circle x2 2x + y2 4y + 1 = 0 and outside the ellipse
x2
2x + 4y 2
16y + 13 = 0

(b)
a +b
x = a, x = b, y = f(x) and y = f(c) [where c  (a, b)] is minimum when c =
2
Proof: Let the function y = f(x) be monotonically increasing.
c b
Required area A =  [f(c) − f(x)]dx +  [f(x) − f(c)]dx
a c

dA
For minimum area, =0
dc

 [f'(c).c + f(c) f'(c)a f(c)] + [ f(c) f'(c).b + f'(c).c + f(c)] = 0

 a + b
 f'(c) c − =0
 2 

a +b
 c= ( f'(c)  0)
2
Example 12:
Find the value of 'a' for which area bounded by x = 1, x=2, y=6x 2
Solution:

a 2
a 2
A =  (b − 6x2 )dx +  (6x2 − b)dx + bx − 2x3 + 2x3 − bx
1 a
1 a

= 8a3 18a2 + 18
dA
For minimum area =0
da
 24a2 36a = 0  a = 1.5
dy
Alternatively, y = 6x2 = 12x
dx
monotonically increasing. Hence bounded area is minimum when a =
 1+ 2
  = 1.5
 2 

Area Under the Curve 103

 Concept Builders - 4


(i) Find the value of 'a' (0 < a < sin3x + sinx,
2

 is minimum

(d) The area bounded by a curve and an axis is equal to the area bounded by the inverse of that

curve and -axis (say) is equal to the area

1(x) and y-axis.

Example 13:

: R → 5
+ 4x3 + 2x, find the area

bounded by g(x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 12.

Solution:

 6x5 + 4x3 + 2x = 12  x = 1
12 1

 g(x)dx = area of rectangle OEDF

0
 f(x)dx
0
1
= 1 × 12  (6x + 4x3 + 2x)dx = 12 3 = 9 sq. units.
5

Concept Builders - 5

(i) 3
+ 6x, the x-axis and the

ordinates x = 0 and x = 44.

Useful Results

(a) Whole area of the ellipse, x2/a2 + y2/b2 = 1 is ab sq. units.
(b) Area enclosed between the parabolas y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4by is 16ab/3 sq. Units.

(c) Area included between the parabola y2 = 4ax and the line y = mx is 8a2/3 m3 sq. Units.

(d) The area of the region bounded by one arch of sin ax (or cos ax) and x-axis is 2/a sq.
units.

(e) Average value of a function y = f (x) over an interval a  x  b is defined as:

b
1
b − a a
y(av) = f(x)dx .

104 Area Under the Curve

Miscellaneous Example

Example 14:
Find the area bounded by the regions y  x , x  − y and curve x2 + y2 = 2.
Solution:
Common region is given by the diagram
If area of region OAB = 
then area of OCD = 
Because y = x and x = y

will bound same area with x and y axes respectively.

y= x  y2 = x
x= y  x2 = y and hence both the curves are
symmetric with respect to the line y = x
r2 
Area of first quadrant OBC = = ( r = 2)
4 2

Area of region OCA = −
2
 
Area of shaded region = ( −) +  = sq. units
2 2

Example 15:

The area bounded by y = x2 + 1 and the tangents to it drawn from the origin is:

(A) 8/3 sq. units (B) 1/3 sq. units

(C) 2/3 sq. units (D) none of these

Solution:

The parabola is even function & let the equation of tangent is y = mx Now we calculate the

point of intersection of parabola and tangent

mx = x2 + 1
x2 mx + 1 = 0 D=0
 m2 4=0 m=±2
Two tangents are possible y = 2x and y = 2x
Intersection of y = x2 + 1 & y =2x is x = 1 and y = 2
Area of shaded region
1 1
1
OAB=  (y2 − y 1 )dx =  ((x
2
+ 1) − 2x)dx = sq. units
0 0
3
 1 2
Area of total shaded region = 2   = sq. units
3 3

Area Under the Curve 105

 ANSWER KEY FOR CONCEPT BUILDER

25
1. (i) sq. units
3


(ii) sq. units.
4

(iii) 8 sq. units

3
(iv) sq. units
8

1
2. (i) sq. units
6

(ii) 4 sq. units.

4− 2 5 3
(iii) − log 2 + sq. units
log 2 2 2

3. (i) 2 sq. units


4. (i)
4

5. (i) 60 sq. units.

106 Area Under the Curve

 Objective Exercise - I

1. The area bounded by the x-axis and the curve y = 4x x2 3 is:

1 2 4 8
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

2. The area of the figure bounded by right of the line y = x + 1, y = cos x and x−axis is:
1 2 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 6 2

3. Area bounded by curve y3 9y+ x = 0 and y-axis is

9 81
(A) (B) 9 (C) (D) 81
2 2

4. The area bounded in the first quadrant by the normal at (1, 2) on the curve y 2 = 4x, x-axis & the
curve is given by:
10 7 4 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 2

5. The area of the region(s) enclosed by the curve y = x2 and y = | x | is

(A) 1/3 (B) 2/3 (C) 1/6 (D) 1

x
6. Let f :[0, ) → R be a continuous and strictly increasing function such that f 3 (x) = tf (t)dt,
2

x  0. The area enclosed by y = f(x), the x-axis and the ordinate at x = 3 is

3 5 7 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2

7. The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) (where f(x)  0), the co-ordinate axes & the line x = x1 is
x1
given by x1 .e . Therefore f(x) equals
(A) ex (B) xex (C) xex ex (D) xex + ex

8. The slope of the tangent to curve y = f(x) at (x, f(x)) is 2x + 1. If the curve passes through the
point (1, 2) then the area of the region bounded by the curve, the x-axis and the line x = 1 is
5 6 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
6 5 6

9. The area bounded by the curve y = ex and the lines y = x − 1, x = 2 is given by:
(A) e² + 1 (B) e² − 1 (C) e² − 2 (D) e 2

3
10. The area bounded by y = 2 2 x and y = is:
x
4+3 n 3 4−3 n 3 3 1
(A) (B) (C) + ln3 (D) + n 3
2 2 2 2

Area Under the Curve 107

 11. The area bounded by the curve y2 = 4x and the line 2x 3y + 4 = 0 is
1 2 4 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

12. The area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, x = 2, y = 2, y  ex and y  n x, is:

(A) 6 4 n 2 (B) 4 n 2 2 (C) 2 n 2 4 (D) 6 2 n 2

13. The area between two arms of the curve |y| = x3 from x = 0 to x = 2 is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16

1
14. The area bounded by the parabolas y = (x + 1)2 and y = (x 1)2 and the line y = is:
4

1 4 1
(A) 4 sq. units (B) sq. units (C) sq. units (D) sq. units
6 3 3

15. The area bounded by the curves y = x(x 3)2 and y = x is (in sq. units):
(A) 28 (B) 32 (C) 4 (D) 8

16. The curve y = ax2 + bx + c passes through the point (1, 2) and its tangent at origin is the line y = x.
The area bounded by the curve, the ordinate of the curve at minima and the tangent line is
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 12 8 6

ANSWER KEY

1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (A) 5. (B) 6. (A) 7. (D)

8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (C) 14. (D)

15. (D) 16. (A)

108 Area Under the Curve

 Objective Exercise - II

Single Correct Type Questions

1. Suppose y = f(x) and y = g(x) are two functions whose graphs intersect at the three points
(0, 4), (2, 2) and (4, 0) with f(x) > g(x) for 0 < x < 2 and f(x) < g(x) for 2 < x < 4.
4 4
If  [f(x) − g(x)]dx = 10 and
0
 [g(x) − f(x)]dx = 5 , the area between two curves for 0 < x < 2, is
2

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20

2. Area enclosed by the graph of the function y = ln2x 1 lying in the 4th quadrant is:
2 4  1  1
(A) (B) (C) 2  e +  (D) 4  e − 
e e  e  e

3. Area of the region enclosed between the curves x = y2 1 and x = |y| 1 − y2 is:
(A) 1 (B) 4/3 (C) 2/3 (D) 2

4. The area bounded by the curve y = xe x

; xy = 0 and x = c where c is the x-coordinate of the
:
(A) 1 3e 2
(B) 1 2e 2
(C) 1 e 2
(D) 1

5. The area enclosed between the curves

 1
y = loge(x + e), x = loge   and the x-axis is
y
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 4 (D) 3

6. The area bounded by the curve f(x) = x + sin x and its inverse function between the ordinates
x = 0 and x = 2 is:
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 4 (D) 8

 x 
7. The ratio in which the curve y = x² divides the region bounded by the curve; y = sin  
 2 
and the x−axis as x varies from 0 to 1, is:
(A) 2:  (B) 1: 3 (C) 3:  (D) (6 − ): 

8. Obtain the area enclosed by region bounded by the curves y = x n x and y = 2x 2x2.
(A) 7/6 (B) 7/24 (C) 12/7 (D) 7/12

1
9. The area of the region on plane bounded by max (|x|, |y|)  1 and xy  is
2
(A) 1/2 + n 2 (B) 3 + n 2 (C) 31/4 (D) 1 + 2 n 2

Area Under the Curve 109

One or More than One Correct Type Questions
10. Let f(x) = 2 |x 1| and g(x) = (x 1)2, then-
7
(A) area bounded by f(x) and g(x) is
6
7
(B) area bounded by f(x) and g(x) is
3
5
(C) area bounded by f(x), g(x) and x-axis is
3
5
(D) area bounded by f(x), g(x) and x-axis is
6

11. The figure shows a horizontal line y = c passing through (b, c) intersecting the curve y = 8x 27x3.
If the shaded areas are equal, then

1 4 32 23
(A) b = (B) b = (C) c = (D) c =
9 9 27 27

12. If A1 denotes area of the region bounded by the curves C 1: y = (x 1)ex, tangent to C1 at (1, 0) &
y-axis and A2 denotes the area of the region bounded by C1 and co-ordinate axes in fourth
quadrant, then-
(A) A1 > A2 (B) A1 < A2 (C) 2A1 + A2 = 2 (D) A1 + 2A2 = 4

13. Area bounded by y = sec 1x, y = cot 1 x and line x = 1 is given by-
1+ 5
2
(A) 
1
(cot −1 x − sec−1 x)dx

  /4

(B)  sec xdx +
0
 cot xdx − 4 , where sin = cos 

2

 /4

(C)  sec xdx +  cot xdx − 4 + 1 , where sin = cos 
0 
2

1+ 5
2
(D) 
1
(cot −1 x − sec−1 x)dx


14. Area bounded by the curve y = cot x, x = and y = 0 is-
4
 /4 1
  
(A)  tan  4 − x  dx
0
(B) −  tan−1 xdx
4 0
1  /4
(C) 1 −  tan−1 xdx (D)  tan−1 xdx
0 0

110 Area Under the Curve

15. Area bounded by y = sin 1x, y = cos 1x, y = 0 in first quadrant is equal to:
1/ 2 1 /2

   (sin y − cos y)dy

−1 −1
(A) (sin x)dx + (cos x)dx (B)
0 1/ 2 /4

/4
(C)  (cos y − sin y)dy
0
(D) ( 2 − 1) sq. unit

16. Let 'c' be a positive real number such that area bounded by y = 0 y = [tan 1x] from x = 0 to x =
c is equal to area bounded by y = 0, y = [cot 1 x], from x = 0 to x = c (where [] represents
greatest integer function), then:
(A) c = tan1 + cot1 (B) c = 2cosec2
(C) c = tan1 cot1 (D) c = 2 cot2

ANSWER KEY

1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (D) 4. (A) 5. (A) 6. (D) 7. (D)

8. (D) 9. (B) 10. (BC) 11. (BC) 12. (BC) 13. (AB) 14. (AB)

15. (ABCD)16. (AB)

Area Under the Curve 111

 Subjective Exercise - I

1. Find the area enclosed between the curve y = x3 + 3, y = 0, x = 1, x = 2.

x
2. (i) Find the area bounded by x² + y² − 2 x = 0 and y = sin in the upper half of the circle.
2
(ii) Find the area bounded by the curve y = 2x4 x2, x-axis and the two ordinates
corresponding to the minima of the function.
(iii) Find area of the curve y² = (7 − x) (5 + x) above x−axis and between the ordinates
x = − 5 and x = 1.

3. Find the area bounded on the right by the line x + y = 2, on the left by the parabola y = x 2 and

below by the x-axis.

4. Find the area of the region {(x, y): 0  y  x2 + 1, 0  y  x + 1, 0  x  2}.

5. Find the area of the region bounded by curves f(x) = (x 4)2, g(x) = 16 x2 and the x-axis.

6. If the area enclosed by the parabolas y = a x2 and y = x2 is 18 2 sq. units. Find the value of

'a'.

7. Find the area enclosed between the curves: y = loge (x + e), x = loge(1/y) and the x-axis.

x2 y2
8. (i) Find the area bounded in the first quadrant between the ellipse + = 1 and the line
16 9
3x + 4y =12
(ii) Find the area of the region bounded by y = {x} and 2x 1 = 0, y = 0, ({ } stands for fraction
part)

9. Compute the area of the figure bounded by straight lines x = 0, x = 2 and the curves y = 2 x and
y = 2x x2


10. Let f(x) = tanx . Show that area bounded by y = f(x), y = f(c), x = 0 and x = a, 0 < c < a < is
2
a
minimum when c =
2

112 Area Under the Curve

 ANSWER KEY

51
1. sq. unit
4

 4
2. (i) −
2 

7
(ii)
120

(iii) 9 

3. 5/6 sq. units 4. 23/6 sq. units

5. 64 6. a=9

7. 2sq. units

8. (i) 3 ( − 2)

1
(ii)
8

 3 4
9.  −  sq. units
 loge 2 3 

Area Under the Curve 113

 Subjective Exercise - II

x
1. A figure is bounded by the curves y = 2 sin , y = 0, x = 2 & x = 4. At what angles to the
4
positive x-axis straight lines must be drawn through (4, 0) so that these lines partition the figure
into three parts of the same area.

2. Find the area bounded by the curves y = 1 − x2 and y = x3 x. Also find the ratio in which the
y-axis divided this area.

1
3. Consider two curves C1: y = and C2: y = ln x on the xy plane. Let D1 denotes the region
x
surrounded by C1, C2 and the line x = 1 and D2 denotes the region surrounded by C1, C2 and the
line x = a. IfD1 = D2. Find the value of 'a'.

4. For what value of 'a' is the area bounded by the curve y = a 2x2 + ax + 1 and the straight line
y = 0, x = 0 & x = 1 the least?

5. Find the positive value of 'a' for which the parabola y = x 2 + 1 bisects the area of the rectangle

with vertices (0, 0), (a, 0), (0, a2 + 1) and (a, a2 + 1).

6. Find the value of 'c' for which the area of the figure bounded by the curve, y = 8x 2 x5, the

straight lines x = 1 & x = c and the abscissa axis is equal to 16/3.

2
7. Find the area bounded by the curve y = xe− x , the x-axis, and the line x = c where y(c) is
maximum.

8. The figure shows two regions in the first quadrant.

A(t) is the area under the curve y = sin x2 from 0 to t and B(t) is the area of the triangle with
A(t)
vertices O, P and M (t, 0). Find Lim
t →0 B(t)

9. Compute the area of the region bounded by the curves y = e. x. ln x & y = ln x/(e.x) where
ln e=1.

114 Area Under the Curve

10. Find the values of m (m > 0) for which the area bounded by the line y = mx + 2 and x = 2y y2
is
(i) 9/2 square units and
(ii) minimum. Also find the minimum area.

11. Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = (tan x)n& the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = /4. Prove
that for n > 2, An + An 2 = 1/(n 1) and deduce that 1/(2n + 2) < An< 1/(2n 2).

ANSWER KEY

2 2 4 2  −1
1.  tan 1
;  − tan−1 2. ;
3 3 2 +1

3. e 4. a= 3/4

( )
1/3
5. 3 6. C= 1 or 8 − 17

1
7. (1 − e1/2 ) 8. 2/3
2

9. (e2 5)/4 e sq. units

10. (i) m = 1,

(ii) m =  ; Amin= 4/3

Area Under the Curve 115

 JEE-Main (Previous Year Questions)

1. The area of the region bounded by the parabola (y 2)2 = x 1, the tangent to the parabola at
the point (2, 3) and the x axis is :- [JEE(Main)-2009]
(1) 9 (2) 12 (3) 3 (4) 6

3
2. The area bounded by the curves y = cos x and y = sin x between the ordinates x = 0 and x =
2
is :- [JEE(Main)-2010]
(1) 4 2 − 2 (2) 4 2 + 2 (3) 4 2 − 1 (4) 4 2 + 1

1
3. The area of the region enclosed by the curves y = x, x = e, y = and the positive x-axis is:-
x
[JEE(Main)-2011]
3 5 1
(1) square units (2) square units (3) square units (4) 1 square units
2 2 2

4. The area bounded by the curves y2 = 4x and x2=4y is :- [JEE(Main)-2011]

32 16 8
(1) 0 (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3

y
5. The area bounded between the parabolas x2 = and x2 = 9y and the straight-line y = 2 is:
4
[JEE(Main)-2012]
10 2 20 2
(1) 10 2 (2) 20 2 (3) (4)
3 3
6. The area (in square units) bounded by the curves y = x, 2y x + 3 = 0, x-axis and lying in the
first quadrant is: [JEE(Main)-2013]
27
(1) 9 (2) 36 (3) 18 (4)
4

7. The area bounded by the curve y = ln(x) and the lines y = 0, y = ln(3) and x = 0 is equal to:

[JEE(Main)-2013]

(1) 3 ln (3) 2 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 3 ln(3) + 2

8. The area of the region (in sq. units) in the first quadrant, bounded by the parabola y = 9x 2 and
the lines x = 0, y = 1 and y = 4, is: [JEE(Main)-2013]
(1) 7/9 (2) 14/3 (3) 14/9 (4) 7/3

116 Area Under the Curve

 
9. The area under the curve y = |cos x sin x|, 0  x  and above x-axis is:
2
[JEE(Main)-2013]
(1) 2 2 (2) 2 2 + 2 (3) 0 (4) 2 2 − 2

10. 2, 3] → [0, ) be a continuous function such that f(1 x) = f(x) for all x  [−2, 3] . If R1 is
the numerical value of the area of the region bounded by y = f(x), x = 2, x = 3 and the axis of
3
x and R2 =  xf(x)dx, then:
−2
[JEE(Main)-2013]

(1) 2R1 = 3R2 (2) R1 = R2 (3) 3R1 = 2 R2 (4) R1 = 2R2

11. The area of region described by A = {(x, y) : x2 +y2 1 and y2 1 x} is :

[JEE(Main)-2014]
 4  4  2  2
(1) + (2) − (3) − (4) +
2 3 2 3 2 3 2 3

12. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : y2 2x and x2 + y2 4x, x  0, y  0} is
[JEE(Main)-2016]
 2 2 4 8 4 2
(1) − (2)  − (3)  − (4)  −
2 3 3 3 3

13. The area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : x  0, x + y  3, x2 4y and y  1 + x } is
[JEE(Main)-2017]
5 59 3 7
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 12 2 3

14. Let g(x) = cos x2, f(x) = x , and ,  ( < ) be the roots of the quadratic equation
18x 2
9x +  = 0. Then the area (in sq. units) bounded by the curve y = (gof)(x) the lines
2

x = , x =  and y = 0, is : [JEE(Main)-2018]
1 1 1 1
(1) ( 2 − 1) (2) ( 3 − 1) (3) ( 3 + 1) (4) ( 3 − 2)
2 2 2 2

15. The area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y = x2 1, the tangent at the point (2, 3) to it
and the y-axis is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
14 56 8 32
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3

16. The area of the region A = {(x, y): 0  y  x |x| + 1 and 1 x  1} in sq. units, is :
[JEE(Main)-2019]
2 4 1
(1) (2) (3) 2 (4)
3 3 3

Area Under the Curve 117

17. If the area enclosed between the curves y = kx2 and x = ky2, (k > 0), is 1 square unit. Then k is:
[JEE(Main)-2019]
3 1 2
(1) (2) (3) 3 (4)
2 3 3

18. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curve x 2 = 4y and the straight line
x = 4y 2 is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
7 3 5 9
(1) (2) (3) (4)
8 4 4 8

19. The area (in sq. units) in the first quadrant bounded by the parabola, y = x 2 + 1, the tangent to
it at the point (2, 5) and the coordinate axes is: [JEE(Main)-2019]
187 8 37 14
(1) (2) (3) (4)
24 3 24 3

20. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the parabola, y = x 2 + 2 and the lines, y = x +1,
x = 0 and x = 3, is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
15 21 15 17
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 4 4

21. The area (in sq. units) of the region A = {(x, y)  R × R| 0  x  3, 0  y  4, y  x2 + 3x} is :
[JEE(Main)-2019]
26 53 59
(1) (2) 8 (3) (4)
3 6 6

22. Let S() = {(x,y) : y2  x, 0  x  ) and A() is area of the region S(). If for a , 0 <  < 4, A() :
A(4) = 2 : 5, then  equals : [JEE(Main)-2019]
1 1 1 1
 4  3 2 3  4  3 2 3
(1) 4   (2) 2   (3) 2   (4) 4  
 25  5  25  5

23. The area (in sq. units) of the region A = {(x, y): x2 y } is: [JEE(Main)-2019]
9 7 3 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
2 2 2 2

24. The area (in sq. units) of the smaller of the two circle that touch the parabola, y 2 = 4x at the
point (1, 2) and the x-axis is: [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) 4 (2)  (3) 4(3 + 2) (4) 

118 Area Under the Curve

 
 y2 

25. The area (in sq. units) of the region A = (x, y) :  x  y + 4 is: [JEE(Main)-2019]

 2 

53
(1) (2) 16 (3) 18 (4) 30
3

26. The region represented by |x y|  2 and |x + y|  2 is bounded by a: [JEE(Main)-2019]

(1) square of area 16 sq. unit
(2) square of side length 2 2 units
(3) rhombus of side length 2 units
(4) rhombus of area 8 2 sq. units

27. The area (in sq. units) of the region bounded by the curves y = 2x and y = |x+1|, in the first
quadrant is : [JEE(Main)-2019]
3 3 1 3 1
(1) (2) loge2 + (3) (4) −
2 2 2 2 log e 2

28. If the area (in sq. units) of the region {(x, y) : y 2  4x, x + y  1, x  0, y  0} is a 2 +b , then
a b is equal to: [JEE(Main)-2019]
2 10 8
(1) (2) 6 (3) (4)
3 3 3

1
29. If the area (in sq. units) bounded by the parabola y2 = x and the line y = x,  > 0, is ,
9
then  is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2019]
(1) 4 3 (2) 24 (3) 48 (4) 2 6

30. The area that is enclosed in the circle x2 + y2 = 2 which is not common area enclosed by}
y = x and y2 = x is: [JEE(Main)-2020]
1 1 1 1
(1) (24 − 1) (2) (12 − 1) (3) (6 − 1) (4) (12 − 1)
12 6 12 12

31. The area bounded by 4x2  y  8x + 12 is : [JEE(Main)-2020]

127 128 124 125
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3

32. If y2 = ax and x2 = ay intersect at A and B. Area bounded by both curves is bisected by line
x = b (given a > b > 0). Area of triangle formed by line AB, x = b and x axis is ½. Then
[JEE(Main)-2020]
(1) a6 12a3 4 = 0 (2) a6 + 12a3 4 = 0
(3) a6 12a3 + 4 = 0 (4) a6 + 12a3 + 4 = 0

33. Let P be the set of points (x, y) such that x2  y  2x + 3. Then area of region bounded by points
in set P is: [JEE(Main)-2020]
16 32 29 20
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 3 3 3

Area Under the Curve 119

  1
 x 0x
 2
1 1
34. If f(x) =  x= [JEE(Main)-2020]
 2 2
 1
1− x x1
 2
2
 1 1 3
g(x) =  x −  then find the area bounded by f(x) and g(x) from x = to x =
 2 2 2
3 1 3 1
(1) − (2) + (3) 2 3 (4) 3 3
4 3 4 3

35. The area, enclosed by the curves y = sin x + cos x and y = |cos x sin x| and the lines x = 0,

x= is : [JEE(Main)-2021]
2
(1) 2 2( 2 − 1) (2) 2( 2 + 1) (3) 4( 2 − 1) (4) 2 2( 2 + 1)

3
36. If the line y = mx bisects the area enclosed by the lines x = 0, y = 0, x = and the curve
2
y = 1 + 4x x2 , then 12 m is equal to. [JEE(Main)-2021]

37. The area of the region bunded by the parabola (y 2)2 = (x 1), the tangent to it at the point
whose ordinate is 3 and the x-axis is: [JEE(Main)-2021]
(1) 9 (2) 10 (3) 4 (4) 6

38. Let a and b respectively be the points of local maximum and local minimum of the function
f(x) = 2x2 − 3x2 − 12x . If A is the total area of the region bounded by y = f (x), the x-axis and the
lines x = a and x = b, then 4A is equal to. [JEE(Main)-2021]

39. The area of the region S = {(x, y) : 3x2  4y  6x + 24} is. [JEE(Main)-2021]

40. The area of the region enclosed between the parabolas y 2 = 2x 1 and y2 = 4x 3 is :
[JEE(Main)-2022]
1 1 2 3
(1) (2) (3) (4)
3 6 3 4

41. The area bounded by the curve y = |x2 9| and the line y = 3 is : [JEE(Main)-2022]
(
(1) 4 2 3 + 6 − 4 ) (
(2) 4 4 3 + 6 − 4 )
(3) 8 ( 4 3 + 3 6 − 9) (4) 8 ( 4 3+ 6 − 9)

42. The area of the region bounded by y2=8x and y2= 16 (3 x) is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2022]
32 40
(1) (2) (3) 16 (4) 19
3 3

43. ( ) 2

Let A 1 x, y :| x | y ,| x | +2y  8 and A2 ( x, y ) :| x | + | y | k . If 27 (Area A ) = 5 (Area A ), then k
1 2

is equal to. [JEE(Main)-2022]

120 Area Under the Curve

  
2 2
265A
44. If the area of the region (x, y) : x 3 + y 3  x + y  0, y  0 is A, then is. [JEE(Main)-2022]
  

45. 
The area of the region S = (x, y) : y2  8x, y  2x, x  1 is :  [JEE(Main)-2022]

(1) 13 2 (2) 11 2 (3) 5 2 (4) 19 2

6 6 6 6

1
46. The area of the bounded region enclosed by the curve y = 3 − x − − x + 1 and the x-axis is :
2
[JEE(Main)-2022]
9 45 27 63
(1) (2) (3) (4)
4 16 8 16

47. The area enclosed by y 2 = 8x and y = 2x that lies outside the triangle formed by y = 2x, x =

1. y = 2 2 , is equal to : [JEE(Main)-2022]

(1) 16 2 (2) 11 2 (3) 13 2 (4) 5 2

6 6 6 6

 x2 y 2 
48. For real numbers a, b (a > b > 0), let Area  (x, y) : x 2
+ y 2
 a 2
and +  1  = 30
 a2 b2 
 x 2
y 2

(x, y) : x + y  b and 2 + 2  1 = 18 The value of (a − b)2 is equal to.
2 2 2
[JEE(Main)-2022]
 a b 

ANSWER KEY

1. (1) 2. (1) 3. (1) 4. (3) 5. (4) 6. (1) 7. (3)

8. (3) 9. (4) 10. (4) 11. (1) 12. (3) 13. (1) 14. (2)

15. (3) 16. (3) 17. (2) 18. (4) 19. (3) 20. (1) 21. (4)

22. (1) 23. (1) 24. (2) 25. (3) 26. (2) 27. (4) 28. (2)

29. (2) 30. (2) 31. (2) 32. (3) 33. (2) 34. (1) 35. (1)

36. 26 37. (1) 38. 114 39. 27 40. (1) 41. (4) 42. (3)

43. 8 44. 36 45. (2) 46. (3) 47. (3) 48. 12

Area Under the Curve 121

 JEE-Advanced (Previous Year Questions)

1 + sinx 1 − sinx
1. The area of the region between the curve y = and y = bounded by the lines
cos x cos x

x = 0 and x = is [JEE(Advanced)-2008]
4
2 −1 2 −1
t 4t
(A) 
0 (1 + t2 ) 1 − t2
dt (B) 
0 (1 + t2 ) 1 − t2
dt

2 +1 2 +1
4t t
(C) 
0 (1 + t ) 1 − t
2 2
dt (D) 
0 (1 + t ) 1 − t2
2
dt

2. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = ex and lines x = 0 and y = e is

[JEE(Advanced)-2009]
e 1 e
(A) e 1 (B)  ln(e + 1 − y)dy (C) e −  exdx (D)  ln ydy
1 0 1

3. Comprehensions (3 questions together):

Consider the polynomial f(x) = 1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3. Let s be the sum of all distinct real of f(x) and
let t = |s|.

(i) The real number s lies in the interval:

 1   3  3 1  1
(A)  − ,0  (B)  −11, −  (C)  − , −  (D)  0, 
 4   4  4 2  4

(ii) The area bounded by the curve y = f(x) and the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x = t, lies in the

interval:

3   21 11   21 
(A)  , 3  (B)  ,  (C) (9, 10) (D)  0, 
4   64 16   64 

(iii) The function f '(x) is:

 1  1 
(A) increasing in  −t, −  and decreasing in  − , t 
 4   4 

 1  1 
(B) decreasing in  −t, −  and increasing in  − , t 
 4  4 

(C) increasing in ( t, t)

(D) decreasing ( t, t) [JEE(Advanced)-2010]

122 Area Under the Curve

4. (a) Let the straight line x = b divide the area enclosed by y = (1 x)2, y = 0 and x = 0 into
1
two parts R1(0  x  b)d and R2(b  x  1) such that R1 R2 = . Then b equals
4
3 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 3 4

(b) Let f : [ 1,2] → [0, ) be a continuous function such that f(x) = f(1 x) for all x  [ 1, 2]. Let
2
R1=  xf(x)dx , and R
−1
2 be the area of the region bounded by y = f(x), x = 1, x = 2 and the

x-axis. Then - [JEE(Advanced)-2011]

(A) R1 = 2R2 (B) R1 = 3R2 (C) 2R1 = R2 (D) 3R1 = R2

 
5. The area enclosed by the curve y = sinx + cosx and y = |cos x sinx| over the interval 0,  is
 2
[JEE(Advanced)-2013]
(A) 4( 2 − 1) (B) 2 2( 2 − 1) (C) 2( 2 + 1) (D) 2 2( 2 + 1)


x2 +
6
 1  1
6. Let F(x) = 
x
2cos2 tdt for all x  R and f : 0,  → [0, ) be a continuous function. For a  0,  ,
 2   2
if F'(a) + 2 is the area of the region bounded by x = 0, y = 0, y = f(x) and x = a, then f(0) is:
[JEE(Advanced)-2015]

7. If the line x =  divides the area of region R = {(x, y) R2: x3 y  x, 0  x  1} into two equal parts,
then: [JEE(Advanced)-2017]
1
(A) 1 (B) 4 + 42 1=0
2
1
(C) 0    (D) 24 42 + 1 = 0
2

8. A farmer F1 has a land in the shape of a triangle with vertices at P(0, 0), Q(1, 1) and R(2, 0). From
this land, a neighboring farmer F2 takes away the region which lies between the side PQ and a
curve of the form y = xn (n > 1). If the area of the region taken away by the farmer F 2 is exactly
30% of the area of PQR, then the value of n is ____. [JEE(Advanced)-2018]

9. The area of the region {(x, y) : xy  8, 1  y  x2} is: [JEE(Advanced)-2019]

14 7
(A) 8 loge 2 (B) 8 loge 2
3 3
14
(C) 16 loge 2 (D) 16 loge 2 6
3

Area Under the Curve 123

 10. Let the functions f :
1 x1
f(x) = ex 1
e |x 1|
and g(x) =
(e + e1 x).
2
Then the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the curves y = f(x), y = g(x) and
x = 0 is [JEE(Advanced)-2020]

( ) 21 (e − e )
(A) 2 − 3 + −1
( ) 21 (e − e )
(B) 2 + 3 + −1

(C) ( 2 − 3 ) + (e + e ) (D) ( 2 + 3 ) + (e + e )
1 −1 1 −1

2 2

11. Consider the functions f, g : → defined by

  4x  3
2  1 − , x  ,
5 
f ( x ) = x2 + and g ( x ) =   3 

4
12  3
 0, x 
4
If  is the area of the region
 3 
( x, y ) 

 : x 
4

, 0  y  min f ( x ) , g ( x )  ,


then the value of 9 is _____________. [JEE(Advanced) 2022]

ANSWER KEY

1. (a) B 2. (BCD) 3. (i) C; (ii) A; (iii) B 4. (a) B; (b) C

5. (B) 6. 3 7. (AD) 8. 4

9. (C) 10. (A) 11. 6

124 Area Under the Curve