M.E.

S INDIAN SCHOOL, DOHA - QATAR

Notes-1 2023- 2024
Section: Boys and Girls Date : 26/4/23
Class & Div.: IX (all divisions) Subject: Chemistry
Lesson / Topic: L-1 Matter in Our Surroundings
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Q1. What is meant by matter?

Ans1: Anything that possesses mass and occupies space are called matter.

Q2. Which of the following are matter?

Chair, air, love, smell, hate, almonds, thought, cold, cold drink, smell of perfume.

Ans2: Chair, air, almonds, cold drink and smell of perfume are matter.

Q3. What are the characteristics of the particles of matter?

Ans3: a.The particles of matter have space between them.

b.The particles of matter attract each other.

c.The particles of matter are continuously moving.

d.The particles of matter are very small.

Q4. Give reason for the following observation:

The smell of hot sizzling food reaches you several meters away, but to get the smell of
cold food you have to go close.

Ans4: It is because at higher temperature, the kinetic energy of the molecules is high
and hence, rate of diffusion is higher. But at lower temperature, rate of diffusion is low,
hence one has to go close to get the smell of cold food.

Q5. When 50g of sugar is dissolved in 100ml of water, there is no increase in volume.
What characteristics of matter is illustrated by this observation?

Ans5: This observation indicates that particles of water have spaces between them into
.. which sugar particles fit.

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020

Q6. Define density.

Ans6: Density of a substance is defined as the mass per unit volume.

Q7. Name the process which occurs when a drop of Dettol is added to water.

Ans7: When Dettol is added to water, diffusion takes place.

Q8. Arrange the following in order of increasing density- air, exhaust from chimneys, honey,
water, chalk, cotton and iron.

Ans8: Air < exhaust from chimneys < cotton < water < honey < chalk < iron.

Q9. A diver is able to cut through water in a swimming pool. Which property of matter does
this observation show?

Ans9: This shows that the particles of water have space between them and has less force
of attraction.

Q10. What are the different states of matter?

Ans10: Solid, Liquid and Gaseous states.

Q11. Define diffusion.

Ans11: The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called
diffusion.

Q12. Tabulate the differences in the characteristics of states of matter.

Ans12:

SOLID LIQUID GASES

They possess definite They do not possess definite They possess neither definite
shape, mass and shape and possess definite shape nor definite volume,
volume. mass and volume. but possess definite mass
The particles have Particles have higher kinetic Particles possess maximum
least kinetic energy. energy than that of solids. kinetic energy.
Particles are closely Particles are loosely packed. Particles are at a sufficient
packed distance apart
 Attractive forces are Attractive forces are less than Attractive forces are
highest that of solids minimum.
They possess highest Lower density than that of They possess least density
density solids
Solids have negligible Liquids have less Gases have high
compressibility(the compressibility compressibility.
tendency to reduce in
size by applying
force)
They are rigid Liquids flow and change Gases flow in all direction
(tendency to retain shape ie; fluidity
their shape when
subjected to outside
force)

Q13. What about a rubber band, can it change its shape on stretching? Is it a solid?

Ans13: A rubber band changes shape under force and regains the same shape when the
force is removed(elasticity). If excessive force is applied it breaks.

Q14. What about sugar and salt, when kept in different jars these take the shape of the
jar. Are they solid?

Ans14: The shape of each individual sugar or salt crystal remains fixed and are tiny,
whether we take it in our hand, put in a plate or in a jar.

Q15. What about a sponge? It is a solid yet we are able to compress it. why?

Ans15: A sponge has minute holes in which air is trapped. So, when we press it, the air
is expelled out and we are able to compress it.

Q16. GIVE REASONS FOR THE FOLLOWING

a) A gas fills completely the vessel in which it is kept

Ans:-In gases the kinetic energy of particles is very high and force of attraction is very

low [Diffusion is more]. So, the particles move randomly with high speed in all

directions and fills the vessels completely in which it is kept.

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020

 b) A gas exerts pressure on the walls of the container
Ans: - Pressure = force / Area

In gases, the particles have high Kinetic Energy and force of attraction is very low. So
the particles move randomly with high speed and hit each other and also the walls
of the container.
This force exerted by the gas particles per unit area on the walls of the container is
the pressure exerted by the gas.

c) A wooden table should be called a solid.

Ans: - Wooden tables have a definite shape and fixed volume. They are rigid and have
negligible compressibility.

Since wooden tables shows all the properties of solid, it is called a solid.

d) We can easily move our hand in air but to do the same through a solid block of wood
we need a Karate expert.

Ans: In air(gas) the space between the particles is large and the force of attraction
between the particles are less. So, the particles move easily. Hence it is easy to move
our hand in air.

But in solid block the particles are very closely packed and the force of attraction
between the particles is very high. So, we cannot move our hand through the solid
block.

e) Liquid generally have lower density as compared to solid. But you must have observed
that ice floats on water.

Ans: Water when cooled below 4 degrees Celsius expands and forms a cage like
structure. (Volume increases)

Density =Mass / Volume

Since the volume of ice is more than water its density is less and it floats on the water

F 061, Rev 01, dtd 10th March 2020