Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems [ICISS 2020]

IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-7089-3

Security Challenges and Future Aspects of Fifth

Generation Vehicular Adhoc Networking (5G-
VANET) in Connected Vehicles
Sachin Sharma Piyush Agarwal Seshadri Mohan
2020 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems (ICISS) | 978-1-7281-7089-3/20/$31.00 ©2020 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICISS49785.2020.9315987

Department of Computer Science and
Engineeirng
Graphic Era Deemed to be University
Dehradun, India
Email: sachin.cse@geu.ac.in
Department of Computer Science and
Engineeirng
Graphic Era Deemed to be University
Dehradun, India
Email: piyush221292@gmail.co m
Department of Systems Engineering
University of Arkansas at Little Rock
Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
Email: sxmohan@ualr.edu

connectivity among them using licensed/unlicensed

Abstract— Vehicle ad hoc networking of the 5th generation
(5G-VANET) in connected vehicles uses new revolutionary
concepts to fulfill network access, user and system mobility
requirements and connectivity requirements in an extremely
convenient manner. Virtualization of 5G-mobile-field
VAN ET's computing and spectrum sharing technology
network and network features. However, the new issue is to
provide protection for 5G-VAN ET in connected vehicles in
these technologies and in future. Thus this study offers a brief
overview of security issues in connected vehicles and possible
aspects of 5G VAN ET. From now on, this study shows
solutions to these problems and aspects for healthy 5G-VAN ET
systems in connected vehicles. The rapid increase in services,
the curiosity of users in autonomous cars have stimulated
demand for a high data rate, live data and video sharing, and
for services with a lowest level of proximity to call drops. The
new 5G-VAN ET systems seek to improve current technology
and meet potential consumer needs with effective and efficient
solutions. Finally, a new dimensions of connected vehicles with
respect to safety issues of 5G-VANET has been added and also
defined aspects that requires more research study.
Keywords— 5G, VANET, security, privacy.
I. INT RODUCT ION
With the introduction of 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles
devices and number of users are undergoing the drastic
growth of spectrum demand applicat ions such as data
sharing, video streaming and large mu ltimed ia files sharing
that limits of current resources and technologies of availab le
cellu lar systems. In the future, 5G-VA NET envisioned
advanced media and mobile applications such as augmented
reality or 3D holography may need higher data rates among
the mult iple devices. 5G-VANET co mmunicat ion in
connected vehicles has such solution for above mentioned
challenge. 5G-VANET co mmunication in connected
vehicles presents a new class of wireless technique in which
driving network nodes help each other in exchange and
transfer the informat ion to realize the mult iple advantages.
This new technique helps to improve the performance gains
in terms of quality of services (QoS), lin k reliability,
spectrum availability, spectral efficiency, system capacity,
and communication range. An autonomous cooperative
driving refers to the any fixed or mobile portable wired or
wireless devices communication cooperation where devices
are relaying the messages in 5G-VA NET to function as cost
effective and high speed transmission of messages for each
other and realize a massive communicat ion in connected
vehicles. It may be effect ive with device to device
communication
spectrum. It is unfortunate that till 4G, device to device
communicat ion was not considered for wireless
communicat ion due to cost effective driven po licy maker’s
vision. Now teleco m service providers are considering the
device to device communication as an important aspect as
the number of devices are increasing in the global market.
The user friendly applications which are deployed on the
devices are playing major contribution in the
communicat ion such as social med ia applications
WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and snapchat. The telecom
consumers are shifted to data based technologies fro m
voice. The market statistics also supports the data driven
social media co mmun ication or application to application
communicat ion or device to device co mmunicat ion. Dev ice
to device co mmunication may help to teleco m operators to
identify the location of the device and understand the
communicat ion requirement as per the end user basis which
can help to operators to increase their QoS index and reduce
the operation cost as well. An autonomous cooperative
driving environ ment has their own security and privacy
issues for the new generation revolutionary world. It is
required for teleco m operators and government agencies to
handle the security and privacy issues and get the enough
users confidence to use the 5G services in VANET. It is
required the Cyber Security Proof System (CSPS) that will
help to develop and design the new services and
applications and their secured and automated
communicat ions among them. As more nu mber o f physical
new devices such as smartphones and sensors and
applications via heterogeneous networks are used, it may
develop the multiple security threats to the users. 5G-
VA NET co mmun ication may facilitate the CSPS over
device to device communicat ion in future autonomous
driving environment. This paper discusses about the priority
security challenges that telecom operators may face in the
future wh ile imp lementation of 5G co mmunication
techniques in connected vehicles. Before 5G, there was
device to device communicat ion was not active but in 5G,
device to device directly co mmunication on licensed or free
available spectrum through base station became possible via
VANET.
When data is routed through mult iple devices then privacy
and security must be supervised with minimu m interference
and cost effective manner. In 4G technology, high data
rates and secure communicat ion protocols were provided.
The data traffic which increased about 800% in 2020
compared to 2015 with the nu mber of devices would impact
the 4G technology and generate the requirement of device to

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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems [ICISS 2020]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-7089-3
devoice communication in 5G on cooperative basis. 5G-
VA NET technology facilitates high data rates with secured
peer to peer heterogeneous network among billions of
devices. The standards development of 5G-VA NET is more
futuristic and flexib le to heterogeneous networks. The one
of the objectives of the 5G-VA NET technology is to
facilitate advanced commun ication services and applications
for devices in heterogeneous networks. The dynamic
spectrum management may help to increase the utilization
of the unused spectrum bands in 5G-VA NET with less
interference. However, the spectrum band allocation and
power adjustment can be done based on the network
throughput and QoS improvement in 5G-VA NET networks.
The reliable solution for mu ltip le devices connectivity can
impact system performance in case of increased network
throughput. The need of mathemat ical analytical modelling
and channel measurement may impact the performance o f
5G-VA NET network in device to device co mmunicat ions.
This paper addresses the issues related to 5G-VANET
network challenges in connected vehicles. The remaining of
this paper is organized as follo ws. Section II presents an
overview o f 5G in connected vehicles. In section III,
security challenges of 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles are
discussed. Section IV discusses new research aspects and
future challenges of 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles
followed by a conclusion given in Section V.
II. OVERVIEW OF 5G-VANET IN CONNECT ED VEHICLES
As 5G technology will be connecting more than 8 trillion
wireless devices with user controlled privacy mechanis m
may impact on the billions of people lifestyle [1]. 5G-
VA NET focuses on the 100% availability of the services
and security by heterogeneous service operators. This allows
the new upcoming technologies of cloud co mputing,
mach ine learning, artificial intelligence, Internet of things,
Internet of vehicles, virtual reality, augmented reality, and
software defined networking to meet the new era user’s
requirements with the telecom operator’s expenditure
constraints [2], [3]. Cloud co mputing is a technology that
provides the service providers to manage their services as
pay basis with mo re flexib ility and availability of their
services. Software defined network is a technology that
facilitates users to more control on the network elasticity
and efficient network management via software program
[4]. Recent research reveals more security challenges in 5G-
VA NET services such as mult iple users access on cloud
infrastructure among heterogeneous network service
operators [5]. 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles connect
every aspect of life to the network, while driving on the
road. 5G-VA NET netwo rks stores user’s informat ion and
maintain privacy of every single user while sharing the
informat ion on the network [6]. In previous communication
technologies such as 2G, 3G and 4G, security threats such as
illegal cloning, spam messaging, unwanted market calls
injection, and false messages broadcasting were observed.
In 5G-VA NET, the privacy concern is bigger than the
previous one. Sometimes, it is difficu lt to identify security
challenges in 5G-VANET due to heterogeneous networks
and devices availability [7]. The main focus will be given to
the key security challenges of 5G-VANET network security
[8]. The connected vehicles play a key ro le in h ighlighting
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the 5G-VA NET security standardization framework in new
techniques of mobile co mputing, cloud computing and
software defined networking [9]. The telecom operators can
take advantages of an autonomous cooperative environment
in effective sharing of spectrum bands for high speed data
rates communications and utilizat ion of computational
power resources in local areas [10]. The load off
transmission functionality is going to be very effective in
connected vehicles. For examp le, in disaster situation, the
primary co mmunication can be set up using autonomous
cooperative driving functionality. In current, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth and ZigBee facilitate communication in
connected vehicles. However, these communicat ions can be
done in licensed or unlicensed spectrum bands. 5G-VANET
is first categorized into connected vehicles then the majo r
challenges associated with it will be explained. More than 8
trillion wireless devices or sensors are connected through
communicat ion network system. So, the fo llo wing
challenges may occur in the given networks.
Flash traffic security: There will be number of device may
responsible to create this traffic.
Spectrum bands interfaces security: Heterogeneous devices
encryption keys can be shared over unsecured spectrum
bands.
User Integrity security: Cryptographic techniques
implementation is needed at user level to fix the
accountability of each user.
Heterogeneous network security: Service d riven
applications drive the additional security measures in the
network architecture design.
Adaptive Cooperative security: Users of one operator uses
the other operator service may compro mise the personal
security.
Denial of service security on end user Devices:
Heterogeneous network of mult iple devices may cause the
loose of personal data, system configuration and network
control due to unencrypted control network channels. The
5G network design for autonomous cooperative driving is
beyond the utilization of free spectrum bands includes the
user friendly operations and network management of the
new technologies.
Service pricing model in autonomous cooperative driv ing:
How the operators control the network policy and charge
their services? is one of the majo r challenge. Teleco m
operators may charge the offered services and develop the
selling and buying policy among them based on the
cooperative scheme.
The challenge for teleco m operators to provide incentives to
their users based on their utilizations of the services such as
spectrum band and power source [11]. The incentives can be
decided based on the resources that has been share with
other users on the cooperative services basis. The price of
the services can be considered spectrum band sharing model
on the cooperative basis where every operator focuses on
the maximize of their profit and utilization of owned
resources. However, an optimal ut ilization of resources
would impact on the maximization of the profit for
operators and mo re incentives to users. As bidding of the
services exp lores an efficient mathemat ical model to choose
the appropriate pricing of the offered services. It also h elps
to telecom operators to offer the cost effective services to
their users.
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 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Sustainable Systems [ICISS 2020]
IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-7089-3
The benefit of the 5G-VA NET service pricing model in
connected vehicles is to provide multip le options of bidding
the services at operator level as well as user level [12]. The
users may also bid the services that they have paid for it.
This flexib ility may also help users to use the incentives to
pay their services bills. The teleco m operators are also
flexib le to allocate a single resource to multiple users as per
their declared priority timings of using the services. This
model can be easily understand using the Nash equilibriu m
method where the objective is to maximize the utilization o f
the resources and the profit without affecting the policy. The
self-centred user may raise the conflict in the cooperative
pricing model due to their behaviour. When this type of user
would like to use any resource of others then may consider
the request of other user and compro mise in the service
price under cooperative policy but self-centered user may
deny the sharing of the resources at any time to other users
or increase the biding cost of the services in mid of the
process. However, in the era where billions of devices are
connected to each other and sharing the pool of resources
would be d ifficu lt to avoid the cooperative pricing policy
model by telecom operators and users.
There are many services that telecom operators provide
such as global connectivity, global coverage, network
security, services pricing policy and maintenance services to
their global users. The traditional process where any mobile
or fixed device connect with base stations for spectrum band
allocation for their commun ications. By following this
process, the traditional system cannot support the large
volume of the devices traffic in the network and leads to the
failure of co mmunicat ion links, packet scheduling and
availability of network. Ho wever, many of these problems
can be easily handled by 5G-VANET. As there are many
challenges on the higher data rates and high speed of the
communicat ion in connected vehicles environment and
management of handling the data traffic of b illions of
devices, the 5G-VA NET would be able to provide the better
solution for it. 5G-VA NET supports the efficient energy
harvesting during available spectrum band searching and
allocation to users in connected vehicles environment and
helps in massive device to device communication
offloading. 5G-VANET is more cost effective co mpared to
traditional networks in terms of allocating the availab le
channels to many devices at once and imp rove the network
throughput of cellu lar networks. The devices may face high
outage probability and high interference situated at the
boundary of network coverage in the tradit ional network but
5G-VA NET has less interference and very less chance of
network outage due to location based cooperative strategy in
connected vehicles. 5G-VA NET facilitates the tight and
close interactions among number of devices in connected
vehicles and permits the device to device communication
bypassing the base stations which will help to reduce the
number of base station installation and maintenance cost in
the telecom service areas. 5G-VA NET enables high speed
connectivity, efficient spectrum utilization, reduce spectrum
congestion, supports number of devices signalling, reduce
power consumption and secured point to point
communicat ion. The limitations of 5G-VANET are limited
computational capabilities to confidentiality, data
authentication and cryptographic solutions.
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III. SECURIT Y CHALLENGES OF 5G-VANET IN CONNECT ED
VEHICLES
The security issues of 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles
facilitate new challenges and security issues with new
innovations in the network management. 5G-VANET has
capabilit ies to update and modify data commun ications flo w
rules as per the user’s convenience and their choice of
service selection [13]. If any malicious application gets
access of the network, then crit ical API’s will be exposed to
security risk across global network. The tradit ional network
is prone to security attacks due to store the data traffic flo w
requests. If any attacker attacks on the traditional network
system, then it may flood the data traffic flow and get the
saturation in the network system and increase the delay in
user requests or flow of the communication. It is very
important to address the 5G-VA NET v irtualization
capabilities simplify the deployment of the network which
helps in ease access of the services oriented user applications
with the flexibility and scalability properties [14], [15]. 5G-
VA NET virtualization facilitates the customized network
architecture for multip le user applications which identifies
the physical components utilizations via virtual networks
[16]. Real-time accessibility with optimized speed and broad
coverage demand in dynamic environment meet by 5G-
VA NET. The following security issues may impact on 5G-
VA NET users such as identity, authentication, authorization,
primary key management, secondary key management, and
cryptography (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. 5G VANET security challenges.
One of the major concern in 5G-VA NET is interference
among cellular resources. The multiple nodes in 5G-VANET
may suffer fro m intercellu lar or intracellular interference
which can impact on successful transmission of voice and
data. So, apart from security interference is also one of the
major concerns. Network discovery is an embedded part of
5G-VANET wh ich permits network users to locate similar or
heterogeneous nodes in their network and establish the
communication among them. The partial network coverage
issue or out of network coverage in 5G-VA NET can be
expanded into the network discovery process. 5G-VANET
exp lores in driver safety ability by introducing fast network
discovery resource channel for network sustainability
without any power constraints [17], [18]. The introduced
network security protocols help to establish secure
communication without compromising the network
throughput among mobile nodes with full network capacity
in 5G-VA NET. The main issue in providing secure 5G-
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IEEE Xplore Part Number: CFP20M19-ART; ISBN: 978-1-7281-7089-3
VA NET is the mobility of all nodes which establish the
communication among the heterogeneous nodes and the
security protocols help to avoid the data theft threat. The
security protocols also help to block the spam users in the
network and decrease their approachability to the network
during data transmission in 5G-VANET.
IV. NEW RESEARCH ASPECT S AND FUT URE CHALLENGES OF
5G-VANET IN CONNECT ED VEHICLES
The connectivity among mult iple heterogeneous sensors
embedded vehicles emerge the mu ltip le opportunities in
driver safety and real time traffic management. The
connected vehicles approach using 5G-VA NET may provide
the good network coverage to the drivers on the road
especially in the blind spot regions where cellular network
availability is very poor. IEEE 802.11p standard protocol
helps in secure communication among established cellular
infrastructures and heterogeneous nodes in 5G-VA NET. The
utilization of existing resources for the context aware
communication is one of need to explore new concepts in
5G-VANET. The idea of sensor to sensor network with QoS
constraint has significant attention as a key approach within
5G-VANET. This idea can transform the use of V2V
communication in 5G-VANET due to high mobility of
vehicles for quick movements in channel allocation. The
reliability and latency of established network can be explored
for critical performance metrics in 5G-VANET. The
futuristic approach for 5G-VA NET in connected vehicles
can be accessed by establishing advance network
commit ments to new advanced services and applications
such as blind spot alert, collision alert, traffic alert, and
emergency braking system. The connected vehicles can
facilitate the network coverage in out of coverage areas and
issue warning alert messages to satisfy QoS, performance
and network constraints in 5G-VANET. The high mobility of
numerous vehicles explores the new challenges, such as
radio resource allocations and interference management in
5G-VANET. The advanced techniques need to be illustrated
and well defined to address and control the future issues such
as spectrum management and network sustainability of 5G-
VA NET in connected vehicles. The network failure
recovery, high data rates, bi-directional network coverage for
vehicles, high propagation losses, short communication
range, network performance, channel quality monitoring,
utilization of unlicensed bands, secured communication over
public or private channels and transmission disruptions are
some of the identified challenges of future 5G-VANET in
connected vehicles. Development of trusted social networks
cooperation among potential users and tracking of them
along with information sharing could help in network
reconfiguration and sustainability of 5G-VA NET in
connected vehicles. It also can be incentive for maximu m
traffic unloading over the network with limited power
resources and processing capabilities. There is need of social
awareness for 5G VA NET cooperative network which
increase the efficiency of peer node discovery and data
sharing among trusted nodes over the network. The IoT
devices incorporation can be futuristic approach for green
computing implementation in 5G VA NET. The resource
management and energy efficient protocols can lead to
optimize the autonomous operation of millions of devices
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deployed in connected vehicles in 5G VA NET. The
information sharing over optimal co mmunication network
and interferences in cluster environment are one of challenge
to face in 5G VANET. The co mprehensive pricing, various
mu ltimedia applications services, incentive operations in 5G
VA NET will lead to the need of new business commercial
models where the amount of data flow and communication
link duration will be deciding factors for those incentive
operations.
V. CONCLUSION
This paper presents an overview on security challenges and
explained the future aspects of 5G VA NET in connected
vehicles. A literature survey includes the mult iple security
challenges in different perspectives of using advance
technologies such as machine learn ing, artificial
intelligence, IoT, cloud co mputing in 5G VA NET. The
advanced techniques are explored in 5G VA NET which lead
in fast network search, less interfere and noise and better
future commun ication networks. The emerging advance
techniques facilitate the reliability and efficient resource
allocation in 5G VA NET for connected vehicles. The
invectives and pricing opereation and bidding process of
spectrum management have discussed in future directions
and challenges in the context of 5G VA NET in connected
vehicles.
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