Bachelor of Science (Hon’s) in Biotechnology and

Genetic Engineering

Curriculum for Biotechnology and Genetic

Engineering Department

Faculty of Life Science

Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and

Technology University, Gopalganj

1
 Academic Rules and Regulations

1. Definitions
1.1. ‘University’ means the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology
University abbreviated as BSMRSTU, Gopalganj-8100.
1.2. ‘Vice-Chancellor’ means the Vice-Chancellor of the University.
1.3. ‘Regent Board’ means the Regent Board of the University.
1.4. ‘Academic Council’ means the Academic Council of the University.
1.5. ‘Faculty’ means the Faculty of the University.
1.6. ‘Committee of Courses and Studies’ means the Committee of Courses for Undergraduate and
Postgraduate Studies of a Degree Awarding Department of the University formed as per the
statute of the University.
1.7. ‘Academic Committee’ means academic committee of the department formed as per the statute
of the University.

2. Faculties, Departments and Degrees Offered

Faculty Departments Degrees Offered

Computer Science and Engineering B.Sc. Engg. in CSE
Electrical and Electronic Engineering B.Sc. Engg. in EEE
Electronics and Telecommunication
B.Sc. Engg. in ETE
Engineering
Engineering
Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering B.Sc. Engg. in ACCE
Civil Engineering B.Sc. Engg. in CE
Food Engineering B.Sc. Engg. in FE
Architecture B.Sc. Engg. in ARC
Mathematics B.Sc. (Hons.) in MAT
Statistics B.Sc. (Hons.) in STA
Chemistry B.Sc. (Hons.) in CHE
Science
Physics B.Sc. (Hons.) in PHY
Environment Science and Disasters
B.Sc. (Hons.) in ESD
Management
Management Studies BBA in MGT
Accounting and Information Systems BBA in AIS
Business
Marketing BBA in MKT
Studies
Finance and Banking BBA in FB
Tourism and Hospitality Management BBA in THM
English B.A.(Hons.) in ENG
Humanities Bangla B.A.(Hons.) in BAN
History B.A.(Hons.) in HIS
Pharmacy B. Pharm. (Hons.)
Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering B.Sc. in BGE
Life Science Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B.Sc. (Hons.) in BMB
Physiology B.Sc. (Hons.) in PSY
Botany B.Sc. (Hons.) in BOT
Agriculture B.Sc. (Hons.) in AGR
Fisheries and Marine Science B.Sc. in Fisheries
Agriculture
(Hon’s)
Livestock Science and Veterinary Medicine B.Sc. (Hons.) in ASVM
Economics BSS in ECO
Sociology BSS in SOC
Social
Public Administration BSS in PAD
Science
International Relations BSS in IR
Political Science BSS in PS
Law Law LLB (Hons.)

3. Admission, Registration and Counseling

3.1. Admission

2
 The Admission Committee as per the rules of the University will conduct the admission process
for Bachelor’s Degree. The student will be admitted in the first semester of an academic year in
the individual department of different faculties.
3.2. Cancellation of Admission
Admission will be cancelled if a student fails to attend at least 25% of the lectures of the major
theory courses within the first 20 lecture days.
3.3. Readmission
A student will be allowed readmission only once in the 1 st year 1st semester of the next academic
session if he/she attends at least 25% of lectures of the major theory courses of the 1 st year 1st
semester within the first 20 lecture days. For other years, if a student cannot complete a
semester successfully, he/she will be allowed readmission in that semester of the next academic
session for two times only by paying requisite semester fees, prescribed by the University.
3.4. Registration
Every selected candidate, unless he/she has already been registered, shall get himself/herself
registered with the university and enrolled as a fulltime student.
3.5. Counseling
After admission, a batch of students will be assigned to a student adviser from the teacher of
their department to guide them through the semester system. The assigned teacher will advise
and counsel the students and maintain a student’s card containing complete academic records
and other information of the students.

4. Academic Calendar
4.1. Number of Semesters
There will be two semesters in an academic year. The beginning and end of each semester (26
weeks) will be announced in an academic calendar at the beginning of every semester. Friday
and Saturday will be the weekly holidays.

4.2. Duration of a Semester

The duration of each semester will be as follows:

Semester Number of weeks

Classes 16
Preparatory Leave 2
Examination 5
Inter Semester Break 3
Total: 26
4.3. Inter-semester Break
The inter-semester break will be utilized for the publication of results and holding supplementary
examination (if required). This break may also be utilized for internship, industrial attachment
training, field work, etc.

5. Syllabus, Courses and Credits

5.1. Syllabus
Committee of Courses and Studies of a department will select and approve the major and non-
major courses proposed by the Academic Committee of the concerned department to develop
the complete syllabus. Every syllabus will have 140-160 credits in 8 semesters. The Committee
of Courses and Studies will also approve the panel of question setters and script examiners of
the department.
5.2. Courses
Every major and non-major course shall have a course code, course number, course title and
credit.
5.2.1 Major and Non-Major Courses:
Every department will develop the courses to be offered by that department. These
courses include major subjects for the respective department as well as non-major
subjects for other departments. Courses for non-major subjects will be developed with
close cooperation of the departments concerned; keeping into consideration the need of
the students.
5.2.2 Course Code:
A two/three/four letter symbol will represent the department’s abbreviated name as
follows:

3
Faculty of Engineering:

4
 CSE Computer Science and Engineering
EEE Electrical and Electronic Engineering
ETE Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
ACCE Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
CE Civil Engineering
FE Food Engineering
ARC Architecture
Faculty of Science:
MAT Mathematics
STA Statistics
CHE Chemistry
PHY Physics
ESD Environment Science and Disasters Management
Faculty of Business Studies:
MGT Management Studies
AIS Accounting and Information Systems
MKT Marketing
FB Finance and Banking
THM Tourism and Hospitality Management
Faculty of Humanities:
ENG English
BAN Bangla
HIS History
Faculty of Life Science:
PHR Pharmacy
BGE Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
BMB Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
PSY Physiology
Botany
Faculty of Agriculture:
AGR Agriculture
LVM Fisheries and Marine Science
FMS Livestock Science and Veterinary Medicine
Faculty of Social Science:
ECO Economics
SOC Sociology
PAD Public Administration
IR International Relations
PS Political Science
Faculty of Law:
LLB Law

5.2.3 Course Number: A three-digit number for each course will be used as follows:
The first digit (1-4), second digit (0-4) for first semester & (5-9) for 2 nd semester and the
third digit (0-9) will represent the academic year, the semester and the courses
(theoretical, lab and viva-voce) of a department, respectively. In addition, odd digit for
theory and even digit for lab.
5.2.4 Course Title: Every course will have a short representative course title. If any course
has theory and practical parts, then it will be split into two courses.

5.3. Course Credits

5.3.1 Theoretical: Number of lectures per week per semester will be considered as the
number of credits of the course.
5.3.2 Practical Classes: Number of class-hours of a practical class will be twice the number
of credits.
5.3.3 Seminar, Project, Fieldwork, Viva-voce, etc.: Credits will be assigned by the
Committee of Courses and Studies of the respective department.
5.4. Course Instruction
The course teacher will supply a copy of the detailed plan of the course instruction with
information about the number of lectures per topic, number and types of assignments, number
and dates of class and lab tests. A course teacher must take at least 36 lectures for a 3-credit
course. Number of lectures for other credit courses shall be proportional. The course teacher will
deliver lectures and supply course materials. All presentation, seminar and assignment of the

5
 student should be in English. However, a student may answer in final examination either in
English or in Bengali or as directed by the Departmental Academic Committee.

6. Course Registration, Improvement and Promotion

6.1. Course Registration
A student has to register 15-30 credits of courses for every semester. For a student of the 7 th
and 8th semesters, the condition for maximum credit requirement may be relaxed. If a student
has to repeat a course that is not offered any more, he/she may take an equivalent course
proposed by the Academic Committee of the Department. A student will register for his/her
incomplete courses and courses with "F" grades, if offered, from the preceding semesters along
with courses from the current semester. Otherwise, s/he will take the courses when the desired
course is offered next time.
6.2. Promotion
To promote in the next year, a student must earn 50% credits of the total credits in his/her each
academic year.

7. Examination System
A student will be evaluated on the basis of his/her class attendance, Assignment & presentation,
Midterm/ class test or lab test, and semester final examination for theoretical and/or lab courses. The
project work/thesis/internship report will be assessed by the internal and external examiners along with
its presentation and an oral examination.

7.1. Distribution of Marks

The marks of a given course will be as follows:

(a) Theoretical Course:

Class Attendance 10%
Assignment & Presentation/Class-test 10%
Mid-Semester 20%
Semester Final Examination 60%
Total: 100%

(b) Laboratory Course/Field Work:

Lab Attendance 10%
Assignment & Presentation/Lab-test 10%
Mid-Semester 20%
Practical/Design Work/Report 60%
Total: 100%

(c) Project Work/Thesis/Internship:

Project work/Thesis/Internship Evaluation by Internal
Examiner (Supervisor) and External Examiner (outside
70%
the University). Average marks of two examiners will be
used for grading.
Presentation and Oral Examination 30%
Total: 100%

7.2. Class/Lab Attendance

Attendance Marks
90% and above 10
85% to less than 90% 9
80% to less than 85% 8
75% to less than 80% 7
70% to less than 75% 6
65% to less than 70% 5
60% to less than 65% 4
less than 60% 0

7.3. Assignment & Presentation and Midterm/Class Test or lab Test

7.3.1 For each theoretical course there shall be Assignment & presentation/ Class test/ Lab
test and Mid-semester examinations.

6
 7.3.2 The Mid-semester examinations shall be of one-hour duration for theoretical and two
hours duration for laboratory and shall be held during as the departmental scheduled
time.
7.3.3 The dates for the Mid-semester, Class test and Lab tests shall be fixed and announced
by the respective examination committee.
7.3.4 All marks of the assignment & presentation, class test or lab test, mid-semester and
semester final examinations of a course shall be submitted to the Chairman of the
Examination Committee and the Controller of Examination in a sealed envelope by the
concerned course teacher.
7.3.5 Mid-semester scripts may be examined by the course teacher or external examiner
(outside this university) recommended by the examination committee.

7.4. Project Work/Thesis

7.4.1 Project work/research work for a thesis shall be carried out under the supervision of a
teacher of the relevant department. A co-supervisor from within or outside the
Department/University may be appointed. The Academic Committee will appoint the
supervisor and co-supervisor (if any). The tentative Project /research proposal and the
title of the Project /thesis, submitted by the student in consultation with the supervisor,
shall be approved by the Academic Committee of the department.
7.4.2 The Project Work/Thesis must be carried out in this University. In special circumstances,
it may be carried out at a place or places recommended by the supervisor and approved
by the Academic Committee.
7.4.3 A seminar shall have to be presented by the student on the progress of his/her project
work/thesis after the completion of course work.
7.4.4 Every student shall submit the required number of written copies of his/her project work
/thesis to the Chairman of the department, through his/her supervisor. The project
work/thesis should demonstrate an evidence of satisfactory knowledge in the field of
research undertaken by the student.
7.4.5 Every student submitting a thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirement of a degree shall
be required to appear at an oral examination, on a date either in May (for the odd
semester) or in November (for the even semester), fixed by the Chairman of the
Examination Committee in consultation with the supervisor.

7.5. Final Examination

7.5.1 Examination Procedure: The final examination will be arranged and conducted by
separate examination committee for each semester in every teaching department. The
questions for the final examination will be prepared by two examiners: internal and or
external. The examination committee may recommend two examiners for any course for
the final examination. The examination committee will moderate the questions. The two
examiners will examine and mark the answer scripts separately. Two marks will be
averaged or added (for the two sections) by the examination committee. If the marks of
two examiners differ by 20% or more the concerned answer scripts will be examined by a
third examiner, recommended by the examination committee and the two close marks
among the three will be averaged by the tabulators, giving advantage to the examinees.
Class participation and final examination marks will be added together to get the final
grade.
7.5.2 Duration of Theoretical Examination: For theoretical courses of all semesters, there
should be a 3-hour final examination for every course.
7.5.3 Duration and Procedure of Laboratory Examination: There will be a final practical
examination of 3- 6 hours duration for Lab courses at the end of each semester. The
examination will be conducted by two or three examiners nominated by the relevant
Examination Committee. One of the examiners will be from outside this university (or
department).

7.6. Criteria for Sitting at an Examination

7.6.1 Students having 75% and above percentage of total major and non-major course classes
in a semester will be eligible to sit for the examination.
7.6.2 Students having less than 75% but having 60% or more of the total major and non-major
course classes in a semester will be eligible to sit for the examination with a fine of Taka.
1000/-(one thousand).
7.6.3 Students having less than 60% of the total major and non-major course classes will not
be eligible to sit for the examination.

7.7 Special Backlog Examination

The Special Backlog Examination on only backlog course(s) may be conducted for the students
who have participated in their 4-year degree course (up to 4 th year 2nd semester) and have a
7
 shortage of maximum 12 (twelve) credits to obtain Bachelor Degree. The Special Backlog
Examination will be arranged in a convenient time by the Chairman of the department after 30
(thirty) days of publication of result of the 4 th year 2nd semester regular examination and exam
must be completed within 90 days. A student who has failed in the Special Backlog Examination,
s/he will register the course(s) in the regular semesters.

8. Grading System and Merit Position

8.1. Letter Grade (LG) and Grade Point (GP):
Letter Grade and corresponding Grade-Point will be awarded as follows:

Grade Point
Numerical grade Letter Grade (LG)
(GP/unit credit)
80% or above A+ 4.00
75% to less than 80% A 3.75
70% to less than 75% A- 3.50
65% to less than 70% B+ 3.25
60% to less than 65% B 3.00
55% to less than 60% B- 2.75
50% to less than 55% C+ 2.50
45% to less than 50% C 2.25
40% to less than 45% D 2.00
less than 40% F 0.00

8.2. GPA/YGPA/CGPA
8.2.1 GPA: Grade Point Average (GPA) is the weighted average of the grade points obtained
in all the courses completed by a student in a semester. GPA is computed as follows:

where, n is the number of courses offered during the semester, C i is the number of
credits allotted to a particular course and Gi is the grade point earned for that course.
8.2.2 YGPA: Yearly Grade Point Average (YGPA)shall be calculated for each academic year
as follows:

where, j is the number of semester, C is the number of credits allotted in a semester

and G is the GPA earned for that semester.
8.2.3 CGPA: Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) will be calculated by using the
following formula

where, k is the number of years and m is the total number of years being considered, C k
is the total number of credits registered during a year and G k is the YGPA of that
particular year.
8.3. Merit Position:
Merit position of a student for each academic year of each degree-awarding department shall be
determined on the basis of his/her YGPA of that particular year. Merit position for the award of
the bachelor’s degree will be based on CGPA of all the academic years.
8.4. Graduation:
8.4.1. For Incomplete Course(s):

8
 If any student obtains "F" grade on any course(s), s/he can register this course(s) in the
upcoming any semesters if this course(s) is offered. In this case, the obtained grade
(would not be more than "B+") will be migrated automatically in his/her corresponding
earlier semester.
8.4.2. For Incomplete Semester:
If student do not register to all courses in a particular semester, in this case he/she will
get the grade of each courses as s/he can obtain for the first (1st) time registration.
8.4.3. For Re-admission
If a student wants to improve his/her YGPA then s/he can re-admit his/her current
academic year. In this case, the sub-section 8.4.1 will not be applicable.
Recommendation:
There will be an option in the result processing software to support this type of automatic
migration of the grade form the current semester to the corresponding earlier semester.

9. Graduation Criteria
9.1. Total Credits and CGPA: A student has to earn all the credits as prescribed by the Committee of
Courses and Studies for the session he/she is registered, and he/she must also earn a CGPA of
2.00 or higher.
9.2. Total Years: A student must successfully complete the courses of all the semesters within a
maximum period of six (6) academic years; otherwise he/she will be dropped out from the
University.
9.3. Distinction: Candidates for four-year Bachelor’s Degree will be awarded the degree with
Distinction if his/her CGPA is 3.75 or above and s/he does not have any ‘F’ grade in any
semester.

10. Examination Committee

10.1.Formation of the Examination Committee:
The Examination Committee shall be nominated by the departmental Academic Committee and
will be approved and reported to the Academic Council by the Vice-Chancellor. There will be an
examination committee for each semester of an academic year. The examination committee
shall consist of 5-7 members: (a) Chairman of the committee, (b) 2-3 other members belonging
to the department, (c) 1-2 members from the related teaching departments (if non-major courses
are offered) and (d) one expert member (not below the rank of an Associate Professor) from
outside the University. A teacher shall be an expert member in one examination committee only
of a department.
10.2.Functions of the Examination Committee
10.2.1. Propose the names of the question setters and script/dissertation/project/ in-plant training
report examiners (an external setter and examiner shall not be below the rank of an
Assistant Professor) from the previously approved panel of examiners.
10.2.2. Moderate the questions of all courses of the semester final examination.
10.2.3. Prepare the examination schedule to conduct the examinations properly.
10.2.4. Make necessary arrangements for holding the Theoretical, Laboratory and Viva-voce
examinations.
10.2.5. Take the Viva-voce examination.
10.2.6. Recommend the names of three tabulators for approval of the Vice-Chancellor.
10.2.7. Finalize the results.

10.3.Major Duties of the Chairman of an Examination Committee

10.3.1. Call meetings of the Examination Committee.
10.3.2. Either to send the moderated question papers to the Controller of Examinations for
printing or to take necessary steps for printing the questions in his/her own care.
10.3.3. Issue instructions to the examiners as per approval of the Examination Committee
concerned and to see that instructions issued are properly followed.
10.3.4. Hand over the marks received from the examiners to the tabulators.

11. Duties and Responsibilities of Question Setters and Script Examiners

11.1.Ifa question setter or a script examiner is unable to accept the appointment, he/she should
immediately inform the Controller of Examinations. In case an examiner after receiving the
scripts becomes unable to examine them, he/she should immediately return the scripts to the
Chairman of the Examination Committee.
11.2.The question setters and the script examiners should send their remuneration bills to the
Controller of Examination. All postal and other incidental expenses incurred by the

9
 setters/examiners in connection with the examination will be paid by the University on
presentation of duly signed bill for the same, supported by vouchers.
11.3.If an examiner is unable to accept or intends to relinquish his/her appointment, the Examination
Committee concerned shall recommend new question setter and/or script examiner to the
Controller of Examinations.
11.4.All manuscripts of question papers shall be sent by the setters in a sealed envelope to the
Chairman of the Examination Committee who shall then call a meeting of the Examination
Committee for arranging the moderation of the papers.
11.5.The question papers, scripts and any other documents in connection with the examination would
be handed over officially/personally or sent by insured post to the Chairman of the relevant
Examination Committee.
11.6.The marks of all examinations shall be submitted to the Chairman of the Examination
Committee, either personally in a sealed cover or in a doubly sealed insured cover, if sent by
post. A copy should also be submitted separately to the Controller of Examinations of the
University.
11.7.Marks and scripts must not be sent in the same packet.
11.8.The question setter should as far as practicable, avoid a marked change of standard questions
from the previous year but shall not be required to set the same type of questions every year.
The question shall be so framed that there is no ambiguity of meaning and the originality and
individuality of the candidates is encouraged.
11.9.The question setter shall be guided by the level of knowledge required and the scope of the
courses of examination as mentioned in the syllabus and the textbook, if any, recommended by
the University from time to time.
11.10. All corrections and alterations in the manuscripts, question papers, marks placed in the
script entered in the mark sheets must invariably be initialed by the person making the
correction. Over-writing in the case of marks should be avoided. The wrong figures should be
crossed out and the correct figures written in convenient places. Doubtful entries should be
indicated by words as well.
11.11. If in the course of examining the answer scripts the examiner has reasons to suspect that
unfair means have been adopted by any candidate, he/she should at once submit confidential
report to the Chairman of the relevant Examination Committee giving the grounds for his/her
suspicion.
11.12. The marks of each course of examination or a section thereof should be entered in the
mark sheets in ink and be submitted to the Chairman of the relevant Examination Committee. A
copy should also be submitted separately to the Controller of Examinations of the University.
11.13. Immediately on receipt of each packet of answer scripts, the examiner should count the
script and verify the information given in the statement regarding the details of the answer
scripts sent. If any discrepancy be discovered, it should at once be brought to the notice of the
Chairman of the Examination Committee with a report of the statement which should be filled in
and returned to the Chairman of the Examination Committee immediately after receiving the
answer scripts, so that prompt action may be taken about the matter.
11.14. Special Responsibility of the Question Setters
11.14.1. The manuscripts of the questions are to be written in English/Bengali. The manuscripts
of questions should be clear and legible so as to ensure accuracy in printing.
11.14.2. No copy of the manuscript framed by a setter should be retained and all rough draft and
memorandum connected therewith should be destroyed immediately after their use.
11.14.3. The setter must put his signature at the bottom of each page of the manuscript.

12. Effect and Review of the Ordinance

This ordinance shall be effective from the Academic Session 2017-2018. The ordinance may be
reviewed by the Academic Council on recommendation of a Faculty or the Academic Committee of a
department. The decision of the Vice-Chancellor, for any matter that does not cover this Ordinance,
will be final.

10
 Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj
Course Curriculum for B.Sc. (Hon’s) in Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering
Faculty of Life Sciences

Level S-I (January-June) S-2 (July –December)

Course Course Title Cr Course Course Title Cr
Code Code
Level-1 BGE111 Bangabandhu in Science 2 BGE151 General Microbiology 3
& Technology
BGE113 Biotechnology and Genetic 3 BGE152 General Microbiology Lab 1.5
Engineering
BGE114 Biotechnology and Genetic 1.5 BMB153 Biochemistry and Molecular 3
Engineering Lab Biology
BMB115 Biophysical Chemistry 2 BMB154 Biochemistry and Molecular 1.5
Biology Lab
AGR117 Crop Production 3 BGE155 Genetics 3
Technology
AGR118 Crop Production 1.5 BGE156 Genetics Lab 1.5
Technology Lab
BGE119 Environmental 3 BGE157 Food Biotechnology 3
Biotechnology and
Bioremediation
BGE121 Tissue Culture & Cell 3 AGR159 Crop Protection 2.0
Technology
BGE122 Tissue Culture & Cell 1.5 BGE160 Viva-Voce 0.5
Technology Lab
BGE124 Viva-Voce 0.5
Total Credit 21.0 19.0

Level-2 BGE211 Plant & Animal Physiology 3 BGE251 Cytology and Cytogenetics 3
BGE212 Plant & Animal Physiology 1.5 BGE252 Cytology and Cytogenetics 1.5
Lab Lab
BGE213 Molecular Cell Biology 3 BGE253 Plant Biotechnology 3
BGE214 Molecular Cell Biology Lab 1.5 BGE254 Plant Biotechnology Lab 1.5
CSE215 Computer Science and IT 3 STA255 Biostatistics 2
CSE216 Computer Science and IT 1.5 STA256 Biostatistics Lab 1.5
Lab
BMB217 Metabolism of 3 BGE257 Recombinant DNA 3
Biomolecules Technology
BGE219 Evolutionary and 3 BGE258 Recombinant DNA 1.5
Functional Botany Technology Lab
BGE220 Viva-Voce 0.5 BGE259 Endocrinology and 3
Metabolic Disorder
BGE260 Viva-Voce 0.5
Total Credit 20.0 20.5

11
Level-3 BGE311 Animal and Fisheries 3 AGR351 Plant Breeding 3
Biotechnology
BGE312 Animal and Fisheries 1.5 AGR352 Plant Breeding Lab 1.5
Biotechnology Lab
BGE313 Genomics, Proteomics and 3 BGE353 Immunology and Immune 3
Bioinformatics Technology
BGE314 Genomics, Proteomics and 1.5 BGE354 Immunology and Immune 1.5
Bioinformatics Lab Technology Lab
BGE315 Fermentation Technology 3 BGE355 Enzymology and Enzyme 3
Technology
BGE316 Fermentation Technology 1.5 BGE356 Enzymology and Enzyme 1.5
Lab Technology Lab
BGE317 Biofertilizer and 3 BGE357 Microbial Genetics 3
Renewable Energy
BGE319 Industrial Microbiology 3 BGE359 Virology 3

BGE321 Agri-Bio Business 2 BGE360 Viva-Voce 0.5

BGE322 Viva-Voce 0.5
Total Credit 22.0 20.0

Level-4 BGE411 Microbial Biotechnology 3 BGE451 Gene Expression and 3

Regulation
BGE412 Microbial Biotechnology 1.5 BGE453 Medical and Pharmaceutical 3
Lab Biotechnology
BGE413 Molecular Marker and 3 BGE454 Medical and Pharmaceutical 1.5
Diagnostics Biotechnology Lab
BGE414 Molecular Marker and 1.5 BGE455 Criminology and Forensic 3
Diagnostics Lab Biotechnology
BGE415 Cell Signaling 3 BGE457 GMO and Biosafety 2
BGE417 Developmental Biology 3 BGE458 Viva-Voce 0.5
BGE419 Nanobiotechnology 2 BGE460 Project + Seminar (start at L- 4
4,S-1)[Research=2.0;
Presentation=1.0; Viva=1.0
BGE421 Cancer Biology 2
BGE422 Tour 1.0
BGE424 Viva-Voce 0.5
Total Credit 20.5 17.0

Level S-1 S-2 Total Credit

Level-1 21.0 19.0 40.0
Level-2 20.0 20.5 40.5
Level-3 22.0 20.0 42.0
Level-4 20.5 17.0 37.5
Grand Total 83.5 76.5 160.0

12
 Level-1, Semester-1 (January-June)

BGE111: Bangabandhu in Science & Technology

1. About Banghabandhu: Date of birth and place, childhood, education al background, political
background, father of the nation and liberation of Bangladesh, Julio Curie award for peace.

2. Announcement of Banghabandhu for Scientist: History, 13 February 1973 development

program in Science and Agriculture of Bangabandhu.

3. Continuation of Green Revolution in Science: Award of Ceres medal of Sheikh Hasina,

Establishment of National Institute of Biotechnology, Establishment of several Agricultural and
Science and Technology Universities, Establishment of NARS Institutes, BADC, Krishibid
Institution.

4. Amendment of Scientific Programs: Different stages of amendments, important steps of

government in Science and Technology.

5. National Agricultural Policy: Problems/barriers, objectives of policy, crop production policy, Seed
policy, Extension policy, Prospect of Science and Technology.

Recommended Books:
1. Krishibandhab Bangabandhu, by Professor Dr. Khondoker Md. Nasiruddin

BGE113: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering

1. Introduction: Concept, history and multidisciplinary nature of biotechnology, Biotechnology and

developing countries, commercialization of biotechnology in a developing country.
2. Plant Cell: Cell structure and functions of different organelle,
3. Nucleic acid: purine & pyrimidine bases, nucleosides & nucleotides, double helical structure of DNA,
Chargaff’s rule, general structure of genes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, central dogma.
4. Recombinant DNA technology: Recombinant DNA technology, tools of recombinant DNA
technology, gene isolation, methods of gene transfer, production of transgenics/GMO, biosafety and
environmental issues of transgenics/GMO.
5. Genetic Engineering: Vectors, Marker genes, restriction endonuclease and ligase.
6. Biotechnology in medicine: Introduction, production of human peptide hormones, insulines, somatotropin,
somatostatin, human interferon, different types of vaccines, commercial chemicals, blood products,
antibiotics and vaccines.
7. Biotechnology in food: Introduction, dairy products, fish and meat products, food enzymes,
sweeteners, bakery products, food wastes, microbial products, oriental fermented foods, drinks,
alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.
8. Biotechnology in plant and agriculture: Impact of biotechnology in agriculture, list of
biotechnological products produced from plant and agricultural crops and their uses, biotechnological
methods used in crop production, genetic manipulation of plant, biofertilizer, biopesticide, biocontrol of
weeds.
9. Enzyme Technology: Definition, enzymology and enzyme technology, nature of the enzymes,
applications of enzymes, technology of enzyme production, immobilization of enzymes.
10. Biological fuel generation: Photosynthesis-ultimate energy resources, sources of biomass, ethanol
from biomass, methane from biomass, biogas production.
11. Application of biotechnology: Pest resistance, herbicide resistance, resistance to fungi, bacteria
and virus. abiotic stress resistance, salt tolerance, nutritional quality improvement, genetic
manipulation for flower pigmentation, nitrogen fixation, photosynthesis, male sterility, fruit ripening,
edible vaccines in food products, production of bt brinjal and bt cotton.

BGE114: Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering lab

Based on course no. BGE113

Recommended Books:
1. Ratledge, C. and Kristiansen, B. 2006. Basic Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, UK.

13
2. Neal Stewart, C. 2008. Plant Biotechnology and Genetics: Principles, Techniques and Applications.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3. Dubey, R. C. 1993 (Revised edition 2014). A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand Publishing. India.
4. Smith, J. E. 2009. Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, UK.
5. Pandey, A. K. and Bilgrami, K. S. 2007. Introduction to Biotechnology. CBS Publishers and
Distributors Ltd. India.
6. Jack, C. Chirikjian. 1995. Biotechnology: Theory and Techniques. Volume I. (January 1, 1995). Jones
& Bartlett Publishers, Boston, London.

BMB 117: Biophysical Chemistry

1. Introduction: Definition, concept and historical background, application and necessity of studying of
Biophysical Chemistry for Biochemistry and of Molecular Biology.
2. Life: Definition,concept and historical background, characteristics, organization, Darwin and evolution,
diversity of life.
3. Atomic Structure: Fundamental particles, atomic number, atomic mass, atomic weight, atomic
models, wave mechanics and atomic orbital, De-brogli relationship, Heisenberg uncertainty principle,
Schrobdinger wave equation, quantum theory, Pauli‟s exclusion principle, Hund‟s rule, Aufbau
principle.
4. Properties of liquid and solution: Viscosity, surface tension, and interfacial tension of liquids,
refractive index, optical activity. Types of solution, concentration units, and volumetric problems.
Intermolecular forces in liquids; Diffusion as properties of liquids.
5. Thermodynamics: Definition, system, state and state function. Properties of thermodynamics, first
law of thermodynamics, nature of heat and work, PV works maximum work. Internal energy, molar
heat capacity. Isothermal and adiabatic changes, enthalpy and it temperature dependence,
thermochemical laws.
6. Acids and bases: Bronsted-Lowry concept, Lewis concept, strength of acids and bases, pH of
solutions, buffer solution, Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, acid base indicator, acid base titration,
salt hydrolysis.
7. Spectrophotometry: Beer-Lamberts law, standard curves, working principle of spectrophotometer,
application in biochemistry.

Recommended Books:
1. Essentials of Physical Chemistry.Arun Bhal, B S Bahl. & G D Tuli; S. Chand & Company, New Delhi,
2008.
2. Principle of Physical chemistry. Haque &Nawab, (Fully revised edition) Nawab Publications, Dhaka,
2005.
3. A biologist’s Physical Chemistry. J Gareth Morris, (2nd edition) Chapman and hall Inc., USA, 1991
4. Basic Inorganic Chemistry. Cotton, Wilkisons & Gauss; (3rd Edition) John Wiley, 1987.
5. Biology. Raven, Johnson, Mason and Losos. 9th edition.

AGR 117: Crop Production Technology

1. Introduction: Concept of agriculture, importance, Branches of Agriculture: Agronomy and

Horticulture.
2. Concept of Crop: Definition of Crops. Agronomic classification of crops, Horticultural classification of
crops.
3. Seed: Definition, importance, classification and structure, formation and development of seed.
4. Seed Quality: Attributes of quality seed. Factors affecting seed quality during production and
processing, seed vigour and seed viability.
5. Propagation of horticultural crops: Definition, importance, methods and techniques, advantages
and disadvantages, use of growth regulators in propagation.
6. Harvesting and handling of horticultural crops: Harvesting, sorting, grading, packaging,
transportation and marketing of horticultural crops.
7. Seed Crop Cultivation: Basic principles, methods of cultivation and harvesting of seed crops.
Processing and grading of seed.
8. Principles of Seed Storage: Environmental factors, types of storage, seed longevity deterioration,
seed treatment.
9. Production technology of cereal crops: Rice, Wheat, Maize.
10. Production technology of fibre crops: Jute, Cotton.
11. Production technology of oil crops: Mustard, Soybean, Ground nut.
12. Production technology of beverage crops: Tea
14
13. Production technology of vegetables: Tomato, Potato, Brinjal, Cucurbits, Cole crops.
14. Production technology of flowering crops: Rose, Tuberose, Dahlia, Chrysanthemum, Orchids,
Cosmos, Zinnia, Gladiolus, Cactus and Bonsai.
15. Production technology of species crops: Onion, Garlic, Chili.
16. Production technology of fruit crops: Mango, Coconut, Banana, Jackfruit, Papaya.

AGR 118: Crop Production Technology Lab

Based on course no. AGR117

Recommended Books:
1. De, G.C. 1995. Fundamentals of Agronomy. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi,
Calcutta. 429p.
2. Morachan, Y.B. 1993. Crop Production and Management. 2nd Edition (Reprint). Oxford & IBH
Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, Bombay, Calcutta. 294p.
3. Singh, S.S. 1996. Principles and Practices of Agronomy. 3rd Edition (Reprint). Kalyani Publishers.
New Delhi.
4. Adams, C.R., K.M. Bamford and M.P. Early. 1993. Principles of Horticulture (2nd ed.). Linacre House,
Jordan Hill, Oxford.
5. Bose, T.K., S.K. Mitra and M.K. Sadhu. 1986. Propagation of Tropical and Sub-tropical Horticultural
Crops. Naya Prokosh, Calcutta.
6. Chadha, K.L. 2001. Hand Book of Horticulture. ICAR, New Delhi.
7. Hartmann, H.T., D.E. Kester and F.T. Davies Jr. 1990. Plant Propagation: Principle and Practices.
Prentice-Hall, International editions.
8. Mondal, M.F.2000. Nursery and Plant Propagation (in Bangla). Mrs. Afia Mondal, BAU Campus,
Mymensingh.
9. Prasad, S. and U. Kumar, U. 1999. Principles of Horticulture. Agro Botanica, New Delhi.
10. Randhawa, G.S. and A. Mukhopadhyay. 1994. Floriculture in India. Allied Publishers Limited, New
Delhi.
11. Rao, K.M. 1995. Text Book of Horticulture. Macmillan India Limited.
12. Sadhu, M.K. 1996. Plant Propagation. New Ag. Int. Ltd., Publishers, New Delhi.

BGE119: Environmental Biotechnology and Bioremediation

1. Introduction: Concept, history, environmental factors, principles of microbial ecology, terrestrial

environments, aquatic environments, energy sources for ecosystem, productivity, adaptation,
interaction between plants, animals and microorganisms.
2. Environmental pollution: Origin, pollutants, air, soil and water pollution, pesticides and herbicides
pollution, heavy metal pollution and, oil pollution.
3. Microbial community: Structure, diversity and stability of microbial communities, measurement of
microbial metabolisms, microbial interactions with some inorganic pollutants, microbial recovery of
petroleum and fuel production.
4. Water and waste treatment: Solid and liquid waste, waste water and sewage treatment, activated
sludge process, trickling filter, rotating biological contactor, landfills technologies, environmental
sustainability.
5. Bioremediation: Concepts; factors involved in bioremediation; composting; bioremediation of
hydrocarbons; bioremediation of industrial wastes; bioremediation of xenobiotics, recalcitrants;
phytoremediation, basic mechanism, advantages and disadvantages; terrestrial phyto-system, metal
phytoremediation; aquatic phyto-systems, macrophyte treatment systems, high rate algal pond, algal
cultivation system and carbon sink.
6. Microbial control: Microbial control of insect, pest, weeds and cyanobacterial blooms, genetic
engineering in biological control.

Recommended Books:
1. Atlas, R. M. and Bartha, R. 1997. Microbial Ecology. Benjamin Cummings, USA.
2. Smith, J. E. 2009. Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press, UK.
3. Scragg, A. 2005. Environmental Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, UK.
4. Trivedi, R. N. 1997. Biotechnology and Environment. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi.
5. Dubey, R. C. 1993 (Revised edition 2014). A Textbook of Biotechnology. S. Chand Publishing. India.
6. Dara, S. S. 2004. A Text Book of Environmental Chemistry and Pollution Control. S.Chand (G/L) &
Company Ltd, India.

15
 BGE121: Tissue Culture & Cell Technology

1. Introduction: Definition, history and development, scope and importance, terminology

2. Laboratory organization and aseptic techniques: Lab facilities, design, operation and
management, aseptic technique for plant tissues, chemicals, instruments, glasswares, personal
hygiene.
3. Culture media: Definition, composition, functions of components, preparation and media selection,
solidification and maintenance of media.
4. Explants collection & tissue culture: Types of in vitro culture, selection, collection and preparation
of explants; callus culture, initiation and establishment of callus cultures, pattern of growth of callus,
measurement of growth of callus and uses of callus; Cell suspension culture, initiation of cell
suspension culture, types of suspension culture, maintenance and use of suspension cultures.
5. Regeneration through tissue culture: Concept, organogenesis, types of organogenesis, somatic
embryogenesis, route of somatic embryogenesis, developmental pattern of somatic embryogenesis,
factors influencing somatic embryogenesis, application of somatic embryogenesis, problems
encounter during plant tissue culture.
6. Micro propagation: Definition, Steps involve in micropropagation, types of micropropagation,
applications and limitations of micropropagations.
7. Protoplast culture and somatic hybridization: Isolation, purification and culture of protoplast;
somatic hybridization and cybridization, production of cybrid, application of hybrid and cybrid.
8. Meristem Culture: Concept, culture media, procedure and applications
9. Anther/pollen culture: Concept, factors to be considered for successful anther culture, process of
androgenesis, application of haploids in agriculture.
10. Production of disease free plants: Methods of virus elimination, versus indexing, eradication of
pathogen other than virus, selection of disease resistant strains in-vitro.
11. Somaclonal variation: Concept, mechanism of somaclonal variation, schemes for obtaining
somaclonal variation, basis of somaclonal variation, factors influencing somaclonal variation, factors
influencing somaclonal variation, application of somaclonal variations.
12. Artificial seeds: Concept, steps involved in artificial or synthetic seed production, limitations of
artificial seeds.
13. Secondary metabolite: Concept, classification of secondary metabolite, methods of secondary
metabolite production.
14. Germplasm conservation and cryopreservation: Concept, in situ and ex situ conservation, slow
growth system, cryopreservation, techniques for cryopreservation, cryoprotectants, application of
cryopreservation.
15. Application of plant tissue culture: Application in (i) agriculture (Plant breeding and horticulture &
forestry) and (ii) Industry

BGE122: Tissue Culture & Cell Technology Lab

Based on course no. BGE121

Recommended Books:
1. M. S. R. Bhuiyan and Haque M. E. 2008. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.
2. Razdan, M.K. 2003. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Science publisher.
3. Vasil, I. K. and Thrope, T. A. 2013. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Springer science and business
media.
4. Roberta H. Smith, 2013. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments. Elselvier Publication.
5. Bhojwani, S. S. and M. K. Razdan. 1996. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practices. Elsevier
Science.
6. Jha T. and B. B. Ghosh, 2005. Plant Tissue Culture, Basic and Applied. Universities Publications,
India.

16
 Level-1 Semester-2 (July –December)

BGE151: General Microbiology

1. Introduction: Brief history of development of microbial science; Scope of microbiology in human
welfare, agriculture, industry, environment.
2. Microscopy and Microbiological Staining: Microscopy, Light and electron microscopy; principle,
parts, application, mechanism and limitation. Staining: concept, types and mechanism.
3.Classification and identification: Classification, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, three domain concept,
evolutionary relationship, different techniques for the identification of microorganisms.
4. Microbial growth: Growth requirements, culture media, different types of media, preserving
bacterial culture, bacterial division, generation time, serial dilution, growth of bacteria.
5. Bacteria and Archaea: Concept, External structures, bacterial internal structure, size and shape,
structure of cell wall, cell wall and gram staining mechanism, flagellum, pilli, plasma membrane,
proteins in plasma membrane, endospore, germination.
6. Virus: Concept, History, nomenclature, general properties, structure, classification, host specificity,
bacteriophage, replication, economic importance, viriods and prions, influenza virus, crossing the
species barrier.
7. Fungi: Concept, General characteristics, classification, reproduction, fungal desease, economic
importance.
8. Normal microflora in human: Colony, host, pathogen, host pathogen interaction, infection
process, normal microflora of different parts of the body, LD-50, natural resistance of body, tissue
specificity.
9. Control of Microorganism: Physical control, chemical control, antimicrobial drug.

BGE152: General Microbiology Lab

Based on course no. BGE151

Recommended Books:
1. Aiexopoulos et al. (1996). Introductory mycology. John wiley & sons, Inc.
2. Pelczer, M. J. Jr. et al (1993). Microbiology. 4th eidtion. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited.
3. Tortora, G. J.; Funke, B. R. and Case, C. L. (1982). Microbiology: An Introduction.
4. Stainer, R. Y.; Adelberg and Ingraham, I. J. General Microbiology. MaCmillan USA.
5. Jawetz, E. J.; Melnick, J.L. and Adelberg, E. (1991). Medical Microbiology.
6. Chowdhury, R. (1990). Modern Medical Microbiology. Bishaw Parichay, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

BMB153: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

1. Introduction to Biochemistry: Historical development, scope of biochemistry, application of

Biochemistry and future prospect of Biochemistry.
2. Cell: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, cell organelles, their function and isolation, eukaryotic cell
types, biomolecules of cell.
3. Carbohydrates: Biological importance, chemical characteristics and classification of carbohydrates.
Monosaccharides- Structure, optical and chemical properties, ring structure of common
Monosaccharides, proof of ring structure of glucose, mutarotation of glucose, general properties and
color test of sugars, important derivatives of monosaccharides, glycosides, amino sugars, sugar
acids.
Disaccharides- maltose, lactose, sucrose, and other disaccharides, isolation from natural source,
structural and biological importance.
Polysaccharides- storage and structural polysaccharides, structures and function of starch, glycogen,
and cellulose, other polysaccharides of biological interests, structure and their function.
4. Lipids: Definition, functions, classification, general reactions of fats, fatty acids and sterols, structure
and biological function of different classes of lipids, isolation of cholesterol and phospholipids from
natural sources.
5. Amino acids and peptides: Definition, source, classification and structure of naturally occurring
amino acids and their physical, chemical and optical properties, test of aminoacids, nonstandard
amino acids, essential and nonessential amino acids, separation of amino acids, peptide bonds,
dipeptide, oligopeptide and polypeptide.
6. Proteins: General introduction to proteins, classification of proteins based on biological functions,
shape and structure, primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary structure of proteins, sequence
determination of protein, denaturation of proteins, estimation for proteins.

17
7. Enzymes: Definition, classification, chemical nature and properties.
8. Vitamins: Definition, classification and their importance.
9. Hormones: Definition, classification and their importance.

BMB154: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Lab

Based on course no. BMB154

Recommended Books:
1. Lehninger‟s Principles of Biochemistry. David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox; (4th Edition.) Worth
Publishers, USA, 2005.
2. Biochemistry. LubertStryer; (5th Edition) W. H. Freeman and Company, New York, 2002.
3. Harper‟s Biochemistry. Robert K. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell; (25th
Edition) McGraw-Hill, International Edition, 2003
4. Biochemistry. Dr.U.Satyanarayana. Indian edition. New Delhi.

BGE155: Genetics

1. Introduction: Definition, history, branches, Early Use and Understanding of Heredity,

Fundamental Concepts, importance.
2. Mendelian Genetics: Life history of Mendel. Discovery of Mendel works. Experiment of Mendel
work. Mendel’s law of segregation and independent assortment. Exception of Mendelism, Modification
of Mendelian ratios. Lack of dominance, co-dominance, over dominance, Epistasis, interaction, lethal
gene.
3. Multiple Alleles: Multiple allelism, Characteristic features, inheritance pattern of multiple of rabit
coat colour, pleotropism human and plants. Blood groups inheritance in man.
4. Linkage and Crossing Over: Linkage, crossing over, different kinds of linkage and crossing over
and their significance, linkage groups. Factor affecting the strength of linkage, cytological
demonstration of crossing over. Linkage maps of Drosophila, chromosome map.
5. Sex Determination: Cytological and genetic basis of sex determination. Different mechanism of
sex determination in plants, animals and its implication.
6. Mutation: Definition, types of mutagen and mutation, characteristics, causes and effects of gene
mutation and mechanism.
7. Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Extra nuclear inheritance in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes, Plasmid,
Mitochondrial and Chloroplast DNA, Maternal inheritance.

BGE156: Genetics Lab

Based on course no. BGE155
Recommended Books:
1. Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K 1985.: Genetics (6th edn) S. Chand and Co. Ltd. New Delhi.
2. Gardner, E.J., Simmons, M.J. andSnustad. D.P. 1991. : Genetics (18th ed) John Wiley and Sons.
New York.
3. Strickberger, M.W. 1968. : Genetics. McMillan, New York.
4. Genetics-A conceptual approach. Benjamin.

BGE157: Food Biotechnology

1. Introduction: Concept, history, different microorganisms used in food biotechnology, application of

food biotechnology, major biotech food products.
2. Biotechnology of Milk and Dairy Products: Composition and food value of milk, adulteration of
milk. Pasteurization of milk and methods of pasteurization. Starter culture, yogurt, cultured yogurt
buttermilk, acidophilus milk and kefir, Fermented food, manufacturing and processing of different
types of domestic and foreign cheese. factors affecting the growth of microorganisms, probiotics.
3. Improvement of existing fermentation technologies: Improvements of traditional fermentation
processes such as beer, wine, bread, cheese, other alcoholic beverage, their nutritive value and
health effects.
4. Impact of biotechnology on major food ingredients: Physical/chemical changes and improvement
of sweeteners, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, bulking agents.
5. Nutraceuticals and Nutragenomics and Functional Food: Nutrition, health sustaining and health
enhancing ingredients.

18
6. Microorganisms as foods: SCP and MBP, Production of single-cell proteins for using in food or
feed, yeasts and yeast products. Baker’s yeast.
7. Enzymes in the Food industry: Industrial enzymes and their applications.
8. Food Preservation & Processing technology: Salting: Types of salting; Technological aspects of
salting; Salting process and characteristic feature of salting with special aspect on Hilsha fish
processing. Canning: Principles of canning; Preparation of raw material, canning operation;
Examination of can, prospect of canned food industry in Bangladesh. Food additives; Packaging of
food, storage. Food spoilage and food regulation, quality control of food processing.
9. GM food and its risk in health, agriculture and environment: Allergies, alteration of nutritional
value, loss of biodiversity. Environmental and health impacts of GM crops.

Recommended Books:
1. Andrews, S. Food and Beverages Service Training Manual, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing
Company Ltd., New Delhi.
2. King, R.D. Food Technology, John Wily and Sons, USA.
3. Kosikowskim, F. Cheese and Fermented Milk Foods, Cornel University, Ithaca, NY.
4. Choudhury A. C. Practical Dairy Science and Laboratory Methods, Scientific Book Agency,
103, Netazi Subash Road, Calcutta, India.
5. Eckles, C. H.; Combs, W. B. and Macy, H. Milk and Milk Products, Fourth edition, Tata
McGraw-Hill publishing Company Ltd., Bombay, New Delhi. (1994).
6. Eskin, N. A. M. Biochemistry of Foods, Second edition, Academic Press, Inc. (1996).
7. Clusas IJ. 1985. Fish Handling, Preservation and Processing in the tropics. Part I and II.
Tropical Development and Research Institute, London
8. Govinda TK 1985. Fish Processing Technology. Oxford and IBM Publishing Co., New Delhi.
9. Brogstrom G. 1965. Fish as Food Vol I to IV. Academic Press London.
10. Stansby ME. 1963 Industrial Fishery Technology. Rehnold Publishing Co. New York.
11. Wheaton FW and Lawson TB 1985. Processing of aquatic food products. Wiley Inter Science,
New York.

AGR159: Crop Protection

Part A
1. Acquaintance with plant pathogens: Fungi, Bacteria, Virus, Nematodes and Mycoplasma
(Definition, Character, Lifecycle).
2. Pathogenesis: Parasitism and Pathogenicity, chain of events in disease developments.
3. Dissemination of plant pathogens: Factors and mechanisms. Overwintering and/or Over-
summering of Pathogens
4. Epidemiology and forecasting of plant diseases: Model development and crop loss assessment
5. Methods of plant disease control:
a. General principles of plant diseases management
b. Regulatory methods of plant disease control
c. Cultural methods of plant disease control
d. Biological methods of plant disease control
e. Physical methods of plant disease control
f. Chemical methods of plant disease control
g. Host plant resistance
h. Application of biotechnology in plant disease management
i. Disease Management by Biotechnological Methods (Development of disease resistant transgenic
plants through gene cloning)
j. Integrated Plant Disease Management (IDM)
6. Disease of Crops: Cereals: Rice and Wheat; Fibres: Jute and Cotton; Pulses: Pea, Gram, Lentil,
Blackgram and Mungbean; Oilseeds: Mustard, Groundnut, Sesame, Soybean and Sunflower; Sugar
Crop: Sugarcane.
7. Diseases of Vegetables: Potato, tomato, chilli, brinjal, lady’s finger, Cole crops and cucurbits.
8. Diseases of cash crops: Tobacco, tea, turmeric, ginger, onion and garlic.

Part B
1. Insecta and Arachnida: General characters and classifications.
2. Pest management strategy: Concept, Economic threshold, Economic injury level and general
equilibrium position.
3. Methods of pest management: Conventional methods- Cultural, Mechanical, Physical and Chemical
methods. Biotechnological methods- Biocontrol, Botanical control, Host plant resistance, Insect
19
 sterility technique, Insect growth regulators. Behavioural control- Attractants, Repellants, Antifeedants
and Pheromones.
4. Integrated pest management (IPM): Concepts, Prospects and limitations of IPM.
5. Field crop pests: Nature of damage and control measures of major insect and mite pests of rice,
wheat, jute, cotton, sugarcane, pulses, oilseeds, tobacco and tea.
6. Horticultural crop pests: Nature of damage and control measures of major insect and mite pests of
vegetables, fruits, ornamental plants and spices.
7. Storage pests: Important insect and mite pests in storage; their nature of damage and general
control measures.

Recommended Books:
1. Plant Pathology. Agrios.
2. A Text Book of Entomology. Herbert H. Ross

20
 Level-2 Semester-1 (January-June)

BGE211: Plant and Animal Physiology

Section-A
1. Plant life related physico-chemical phenomenon: Inhibition, diffusion, osmosis, osmotic pressure,
plasmolysis, imbibitions and root pressure.
2. Water Relation: Mechanism of absorption of water, active and passive absorption.
3. Loss of Water: Transpiration, guttation and their significance, mechanism of opening and closing of
stomata.
4. Mineral Nutrition: Micro and macro elements, deficiency symptom, Mechanism of mineral absorption,
translocation.
5. Photosynthesis: Concept, pigments in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, light and chemical reactions,
photophosphorylation, factors affecting photosynthesis, pathways of carbon-di-oxide reduction in C3,
C4 and CAM plants.
6. Respiration: Concept, types, respiratory substances, different pathways, production of high energy
compound and ATP, photorespiration.
7. Growth regulators: Occurrence, classification, nature and effect of growth regulating chemicals on
plant growth and development with special emphasis on auxin, gibbrellin, cytokinin, abscisic acid and
ethylene.
8. Physiology of Flowering: Mechanism of flowering, florigen and its role in flowering.
9. Photoperiodism and Vernalization: Definition, types, importance.
10. Transport Phenomenon in Plants: Characteristics of transport in xylem and phloem, mechanism of
phloem transport.

Section-B
1. Cell: Structure, functions of different organelle.
2. Blood circulation and cardiovascular system: Blood and plasma proteins, their functions; blood
coagulation mechanism, blood groups, events of cardiac cycle and cardiac outputs, factor affecting heart
rate, blood pressure and its regulation.
3. Respiratory system: Different parts of respiratory system, functions, mechanisms of respiration;
O2 and CO2 transport in the body.
4. Urinary system: Functions of kidney, renal circulation; urine formation, filtration, reabsorption of
different components of tubular fluid, excretion, concentration of urine, acidification of urine.
5. Digestive system: Digestion, digestive enzymes, mechanisms of secretions of gastric juice,
physiology of digestion and absorption of food (carbohydrates, proteins and fats).
6. Reproductive system: Male and female reproductive system of human, puberty, estrous and
menstrual cycle, physiology of pregnancy, fertility, sterility and birth control.
7. Endocrine system: Endocrine and exocrine glands of male and female, growth and sex hormones.
8. Nervous system: Classification of nervous system, structure and functions of neuron, synapse,
neurotransmitter and transmission of nerve impulse, control of sensory and motor function;
organization of nervous system, cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord; reflex action.

BGE212: Plant and Animal Physiology lab

Based on course no. BGE211

Recommended Books:
1. Datta, S. C. 1994. Plant Physiology. Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Dilhi.
2. Devlin, M. R. and Witham, H. F. 1986. Plant Physiology. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New
Delhi.
3. Hess, D. 1975. Plant Psysiology. Springer International Student Edition.
4. Pandey, S. N. and Sinha, B. K. 1990. Plant Physiology. Vikash Pub. House Pvt. Ltd.
5. Ganong, W. F., : Review of Medical Physiology.
6. Guyton, A. C. and Hall, J.E.,: Textbook of Medical Physiology
7. Ganong, W. F. (1997). Review of Medical Physiology, 18th edition, appleton and lange, stamford,
Connecticut.
8. Guyton,. A. C. and Hall J. E. (1995). Textbook of medical Physiology. W. B. Saunders Co.
9. Nielson, K. S. (1990). Animal Physiology, 4th edition.

21
 BGE213: Molecular Cell Biology

1. Introduction: Structure of nucleic acids, physico-chemical properties of DNA and RNA, Polymerase,
semiconservative nature of DNA, multiple conformations of double helix, DNA topology.
2. Molecular Organization of Chromosome: Molecular concept of gene and chromosomes,
centromere, telomere, nucleosome and its organization in eukaryotic chromosome, histone and
nonhistone proteins, super coiling of DNA; chromatin structure and gene activity, structural gene
sequence, protein coding genes, tandemly repeated and simple sequence DNA, Mobile DNA,
Retroposon.
3. DNA Replication: Mode of replication, DNA synthesis, mechanism and control of DNA replication,
inhibitors of replication, DNA polymerase and other replication proteins.
4. Transcription: RNA polymerase, promoter, enhancers and terminators, mechanism of transcription,
reverse transcriptase, regulation of transcription, operon model and RNA spicing.
5. Translation: Ribosome structure, wobble hypothesis, initiation, elongation and termination of protein
synthesis, compare of protein synthesis in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, inhibitors of protein synthesis,
post-translational modification.
6. Molecular Mutation: Molecular basis of mutation, in vitro mutagenesis, and site directed
mutagenesis, transposable elements, repair mechanism in mutation.
7. Regulation of Gene Expression: Gene from different kinds of RNA, positive and negative control of
gene expression, gene expression of somatic cell hybrids.

BGE214: Molecular Cell Biology lab

Based on course no. BGE213

Recommended Books:
1. Benjamin Lewin: Genes IX.
2. Robert F. Muller, Ian D Young: Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics.
3. Watson: Molecular Biology of gene.
4. Sudbery: Human molecular genetics.
5. R. M. Twyman: Advanced Molecular Biology.
6. J.Sambrook and T. Maniatis: Molecular cloning: A laboratory Manual (Vol I,II,III)
7. Istavari Rasko and C. Stephen Downes: Genes in Medicine.
8. Strachan, T. A. and Read A. P.: Human molecular genetics.
9. Lodish. Molecular Cell Biology.

CSE215: Computer Science and IT

1. Introduction: Types of computer, application areas, concept of CPU, keyboard, mouse, hard disk,
windows and the like peripheral, working principles of computer systems.
2. Hardware and Software: Organization and architecture, motherboard and microprocessor system,
memory, and devices, classification of software’s, importance, components, basic functions, DOS,
WINDOS, UNIX/ LINUX etc.
3. File Management and Word Processing: Concept of file and folder, creation of file, saving of file,
deleting file, editing document/ file variable, file copy, file move, layout, formatting, page setup and
printing, tables and graphs etc.
4. Spread Sheet Analysis: Mathematical and Statistical Function: Frequency, standard deviation,
variance, mean, median, line, bar, pie graph, correlation, regression, etc., creating and formatting
chart, printing sheet, problem solving using formulas, data consolidation.
5. Power Point Presentation: Preparation of slides, tables, graphs, editing, copying.
6. Database: (i) Concept of field, record, table, database and database management system. (ii)
Creating and adding information to a database (iii) Editing and viewing the data (iv) Designing,
viewing and printing reports (v) Understanding, sorting and indexing.
7. Introduction to IT: Computer networking, basic concept of LAN, MAN and WAN; e-mail and
WWW.
8. Digital System: Number system; binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal, binary addition and
subtraction, coding, ASCII, EBCDIC, BCD, Unicode, Boolean algebra, logic operation gates,
functional gates, universal gates, simplification functions, Boolean postulates and laws, logic circuit.
9. Programming Language: C, C++, JAVA, PERL.
10. Algorithm
11. Designing Software:Methods of software designing.

22
 CSE216: Computer Science and IT lab

Based on course no. CSE215

Recommended Books:
1. Rajaraman,V. 1999: Fundamentals of Computers, 3rd Ed, Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi.
2. Grey Perry, SAMS: Teach Yourself Microsoft Office 2000, Tec media.
3. Montgomery, J. 1995: Troubleshooting Your Multimedia PC. Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, NY, Singapore.
4. Norton, P: Introduction to Computers.

BMB217: Metabolism of Biomolecules

1. Introduction: General aspects of metabolism and experimental approaches to the study of

metabolism, metabolic and energy transfer pathways, basic concept of the control of metabolism.
2. Carbohydrate Metabolism:
Glycolysis (the glycolysis pathway, aerobic and anaerobic fate, regulation of glycolytic pathway,
physiological importance of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis).
Tricarboxylic acid cycle and its regulation.
Pentose phosphate pathway, glyoxalate pathway and their regulation.
Glycogen metabolism: Glycogenolysis, glycogenesis, and control of glycogen metabolism.
Biosynthesis of carbohydrate: Gluco-neogenesis, and its regulation, biosynthesis of dioligo and
polysaccharides, glycoproteins, proteoglycan, sugar interconversions.
3. Lipid Metabolism: Degradation of triglycerides and phospholipids, oxidation of fatty acids, propionate
metabolism, ketone bodies (formation and utilization), utilization of fatty acids for energy production, oxidation
and functional role of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
4. Protein Metabolism: Outline of metabolism of amino acids decarboxylation, oxidative deamination,
transamination, urea cycle and toxicity of ammonia.
5. Biosynthetic Path Ways:Biosynthesis of fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), cholesterol, B-
carotene, triglycerides, steroid hormones, prostaglandins, prostacycline, thromboxane, phospholipids.
6. Amino acid metabolism: Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, oxidative degradation of amino
acids to specialized products, amino acid biosynthesis, regulation of amino acid metabolism,
metabolism of folic acid, glutathione, methylmalonate, clinical correlations: phenylketonuria,
alkaptonuria, folic acid deficiency.
7. Nucleotide metabolism: Overview metabolic functions of nucleotide, synthesis of purine and
pyrimidine nucleotides, formation of deoxyribonucleotides, regulation of nucleotides biosynthesis.
nucleotide degradation, biosynthesis of nucleotide coenzyme, nucleotide metabolizing enzymes as a
function of cell cycle and rate of cell division, antimetabolites of purine and pyrimidine nucleotide
metabolism, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, orotic aciduria.

8. Metabolism of porphyrins, Heme, and bile pigments, Mineral metabolism:Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, I,
Mn, Zn and metal toxicities (Hg, Pb, As, Cd).

Recommended Books:
1. Lehninger, Albert, L., Nelson David, L., Cox, Michael, M., Principles of Biochemistry, 1 st Indian
Edition, 1993. CBS Publisher’s and Distibutors.
2. Strayer, Lubert, 1988. Biochemistry, 3rd Edition, Q. H. Freeman and company, NewYork.
3. Murray, R. K., Granner, D. K., Mayes P. A. Rodwell, V. W. 1988. Harper’s Biochemistry.
22nd edition, Prentice Hall International.
4. Conn, E. E., Stumpt, P. K., 1994, Outlines of Biochemistry, 4 th Edition, Wiley Eastem Limited, new
age International Limited.
5. A.C. Dev, Fundamentals of Biochemistry.

BGE219: Evolutionary and Functional Botany

SECTION- A

1. Introduction: Biology and Botany, branches and scope of botany, diversities in plant kingdom
and causes of diversities.
2. Origin of Life: Origin of earth and its primitive atmosphere, chemical and biological evolution
of life. Origin of plants.
23
 3. Systematic botany:
Taxonomy: Definition; objectives and uses of taxonomy; units, systems and basis of classification;
characters used in phylogenetic system. Naming of texa.
Systematic study and economic importance of the following families of angiosperms; i)
Gramineae/poaceae ii) Leguminosae iii) Compositae iv) Orchidacea v) Cruciferae. Practical
implications of systematic study of families in biotechnology.
4. Economic Botany: Economic importance of medicinal plant, cereals, fibers, oil, fruits,
beverage, rubber, sugars, fodder and narcotics yielding plants.
5. Anatomy: Ultrastructure of plant cell, tissue and tissue system-concept and classification,
characteristic features/structures, functions and distribution of different types of plant tissues.
Importance of studying tissue and tissue system in biotechnology.
6. Embryology: Study of microsporogenesis and microgametogenesis, megasporogenesis and
megagametogenesis, fertilization and development of embryo.

SECTION- B

1. Study of the following cryptogams:

Algae: habitat, characteristics, reproduction, classification and economic importance with emphasis
on biotechnology. Some algae of special interest.
Fungi: characteristics and economic importance with emphasis on mushroom cultivation; yeast
biotechnology and mycorrhizal biotechnology.
Azolla: characteristics reproduction and economic importance.
Bacteria: general characteristics and economic importance.

2. Reproduction of higher plants: Sexual, asexual and special types; brief description with
merits and demerits of each type.
3. Plant Ecology: Concept of ecology and ecosystem. Biomass production, productivity,
producers, consumers and decomposers; ecological factors; food chain and food web; energy
flow in an ecosystem. Role of green plants in nature; Greenhouse effect.
4. Plant Diseases: Definition, classification, symptoms, importance and control measures
against plant diseases.

Recommended Books:
1. P. Maheshwari: An introduction to Embryology of Angiosperm
2. E. Lawrence, Mettler, G. Thomas: Population Genetics and Evolution
3. K.Esau: Plant Anatomy
4. A. Fahn. : Plant Anatomy
5. G. H. M. Lawrence: Taxonomy of Vascular Plants

24
 Level-2 Semester-2 (July-December)

BGE251: Cytology and Cytogenetics

1. Introduction: Cell, cell discovery and organelles. Modern concept of cell, protoplasm theory. Cell
types and structure: Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Typical structure of eukaryotic and prokaryotic
cell with their functions.

2. Cellular organelles: Major cellular organelles, composition, structure and function. Cell wall, plasma
membrane, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, mitochondria, chloroplast, ribosome, lysosome,
cytoskeletal structure.

3. Nucleus and chromosome: Structure of nucleus, morphology and chemistry of chromosome.

Karyotype banding, special types of chromosome, polytene and Lampbrush chromosome.

4. Cell division: Types of cell division, steps of mitosis and meiosis, difference between the two
processes, Abnormalities in mitosis and meiosis, causes and significance. Spermatogenesis and
Oogenesis.

5. Structural changes of chromosomes: Deletion: definition, types, phenotypic effect, genetic effect.
Duplication: definition, types, phenotypic effect, bridge-breakage-fusion cycle, meiosis and breeding
behaviour. Inversion: types, cytology, identification of parasitic inversion. Translocation: definition,
types, origin, meiotic behaviour,

6. Polyploidy in higher plant: Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy - origin, synthesis and their genetic
effect and cytology-meiotic and breeding behaviour.

7. Aneuploidy in higher plants: Trisomy (primary, secondary and tertiary), source of primary,
secondary and tertiary trisomics, origin, genetic effect, cytology. Monosomy-methods of production,
genetic effect, cytology, univalent shift.

8. Molecular cytogenetics: Nuclear DNA content and its organization, repetitive DNA, technique for
detecting repetitive DNA. Genetic, Cytogenetic and physical maps using molecular markers.

BGE252: Cytology and Cytogenetics lab

Based on course no. 251

Recommended Books:
1. DeRobertis, E.D.P. and Derobertis.Jr.E.M.F.(1989).Cell and Molecular Biology. 8 th Edition, Info. Med.
Ltd. Hong Kong.
2. Smith and Wood (1996).Cell Biology 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall Co. Ltd. UK.
3. Gupta P.K., Cytogenetics.
4. Benjamin. Genetics- A Conceptual Approach.

BGE253: Plant Biotechnology

1. Introduction: Definition, concept, scope, importance, applications of biotechnological products

from plant, tools of plant genetic engineering, application of biotechnological methods for plant
development.

2. Genes transfer and expression in plant: Transient and stable gene expression, marker gene,
reporter gene, selectable marker. Mechanism of transformation, Gene transfer methods-vector less
and vector mediated gene transfer, Ti-plasmid, organization of Ti-plasmid, Transfer of T-DNA in to
host genome, advantage and disadvantages of Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer, binary vectors
and co-integrative vector.

3. Cloning of plant gene: Vectors, Enzymes used for cloning techniques, Cells for cloning. Linkers
and adaptor.

4. Molecular techniques for transgene expression: Gel electrophoresis, blotting techniques-

southern, western, northern, dot blotting, DNA labeling, PCR and RT-PCR techniques, application of
different tools.
25
 5. Plant gene isolation, identification and synthesis: Isolation of genomic DNA and RNA. Genomic
and cDNA library preparation.

6. Plant DNA sequencing: Importance, DNA sequencing with enzymatic methods, chemical
degradation methods, advantage and disadvantages of these techniques. Next Generation
sequencing

7. Transgenic in crop improvement: Resistance to biotic stress (insect resistance, virus resistant).
Disease resistant, resistant to abiotic stress, herbicide resistance, Fruit Ripening and Flower Wilting.

8. Modification of plant nutritional content (amino Acidsseed protein quality), lipids, vitamins (E &
AGolden rice), modification of starch quality, plant derived vaccines.

BGE254: Plant Biotechnology lab

Based on course no. 253

Recommended Books:
1. S.M. Kingsman A.J Kingsman, Genetic Engineering.
2. P. Joshi, Genetic Engineering with its application.
3. Bernard R. Glick. Molecular Biotechnology.
4. Purohit, Agricultural Biotechnology.

STA255: Biostatistics
1. Introduction: Division of statistics and scope of biometry.
2. Basic Concepts: Variables and classification of variables; population, sample and data; sampling
procedure, use of random number, data classification, sources of data and collection procedure,
accuracy and precision of data, Frequency distribution and construction of frequency distribution
table; graphical presentation frequency distribution and curve.
3. Measures of Location: Introduction, characteristics of ideal measures of location, different kinds of
measures of location: arithmetic, geometric and harmonic mean, median and mode. Empirical
relationship among arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means and also with mode and median.
4. Measures of Dispersion: Introduction, characteristics of ideal measures of dispersion, different kinds
of measures of dispersion, empirical relationship among quartile deviation standard deviation and
mean deviation, moments, skewness and kurtosis.
5. Probability: Basic concepts, definition, laws of probability and its application in biological sciences,
binary and position distribution.
6. Correlation and Regression: Introduction to correlation and regression, rank, types of correlation,
simple, multiple and partial correlation, simple linear and multiple regression.
7. Test of Hypothesis: Introduction to hypothesis and experiment, normal test, t-test, chi-square test,
and F-test.
8. Design of Experiment and Analysis of Variance: Introduction, some basic terms in experimental
design, principles and types of design, important steps in design of experiments, field plot and
laboratory technique, determination of number of latin square, split plot and Factorial design, test of
significance.
9. Data Transformation: Introduction, significance of data transformation, square root, logarithmic and
arcsine transformation.

STA256: Biostatistics Lab

Based on course no. STA255
Recommended Books:
1. Baily, N. T. J. (1994). Statistical Methods in Biology. Cambridge University Press, U.K.
2. Cochran, W, G. (1963). Sampling Techniques. Wiley Publications. Singapore.
3. Gomez., A and Gomez. (1995). Statistical Methods in Agricultural Experiments. Wiley Publications.
Singapore.
4. Kamal, Rahim and H. Zaman (1992). Simple Lessons from Biometry. Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur.

26
5. Steel, R. D. G. and Torry, J. H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw Hill book co.
Inc. New York.

BGE257: Recombinant DNA Technology

1. Gene Cloning: Gene cloning, PCR, Gel electrophoresis-importance, applications; analysis of DNA,
1. Vectors for Cloning: Plasmids; copy number, conjugation and compatibility; plasmid classification;
bacteriophages, phage infection cycle, lysogenic phages, infection cycle of bacteriophage M13, rolling
circle replication mechanism; virus as vectors, mechanism; phagemid, cosmid.
2. DNA Manipulation: Enzymes for DNA manipulation; DNA modifying enzymes; restriction
endonucleases, frequency of recognition sequences, result analysis of cleavage; Ligase, mode of
action of DNA ligase; linkers, adaptors, homopolymer tailing.
3. Introducing DNA into living cells: Transformation; uptake of DNA by bacterial cells, preparation of
competent cells, selection for transformed cells; identification of recombinants, insertional inactivation
of antibiotic resistance gene; Constructing recombinant DNA molecule with phage vector,
identification of recombinant phages, transfer of DNA into non-bacterial cells.
4. Cloning Vectors for E. coli: Cloning vectors based on E. coli plasmids, pBR322, pBR327; pUC
plasmids, How to construct a phage cloning vector.
5. Cloning Vectors for Eukaryotes: Vectors for yeast and other fungi, types of yeast cloning vector, 2
μm plasmid; cloning vectors for plants, development of recombinant vector for plant transformation
and confirmation of recombinant construct, direct gene transfer in plants; cloning vectors for animals;
Cloning vectors for insects; Viruses as cloning vectors for mammals, Gene cloning without a vector.
6. Sequencing Genes: Sequencing, types, methods of sequencing, application. (Plant BTC course)
7. Gene expression and regulations in prokaryotes: Studying the RNA transcript of a gene-
Detecting the presence of a transcript and determining its nucleotide sequence, Transcript analysis by
PCR, Studying the regulation of gene expression- Identifying protein binding sites on a DNA molecule,
Identifying control sequences by deletion analysis, Identifying and studying the translation product of a
cloned gene- HRT and HART can identify the translation product of a cloned gene
8. Gene expression and regulations in eukaryotes: Gene from different kinds of RNA, RNA
polymerase, positive and negative control of gene expression, gene expression of somatic cell
hybrids.

BGE258: Recombinant DNA Technology lab

Based on course no. BGE257

Recommended Books:
1. Foster, G.D. and Twell , D.(1997). Plant Gene Isolation: Principle and Practice. Jhon Wiley &
Sons. Singapore.
2. Khush, G.S. and G.H.Toenniessen (1991). Rice Biotechnology. IRRI, CAB International, U.K.
3. Watson (1997).Recombinant DNA Technology, McMillan Pub. Co.
4. Sambrook and Russel, Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual.

BGE259: Endocrinology and Metabolic Disorder

1. Introduction: General function of hormones, major endocrine glands, hormone receptors and its
abnormalities
2. Hormone and its mechanism of action: Intracellular messengers and mechanism of hormone action
(general).
3. Pituitary and hypothalamic hormones: Introduction, structure, synthesis, physiological and
biochemical actions.
4. Thyroid, Para-thyroid hormones: Introduction, structure, synthesis, transportation, mechanism of
action and patho-physiology.
5. Hormones of Pancreases: Structure, metabolism, physiological function and mode of action of insulin
and glucon.
6. Hormones of adrenal aortex and adrenal medulla: Introduction, structure, synthesis, transportation,
mode of action, physiological function and patho-physiology.
7. Insulin, glucon and diabetes mellitus: Insulin and its metabolic effects, glucagon and its function,
somatostatin, mediated inhibition of glucagon and insulin secretion, blood glucose regulation,
Diabetes mellitus.

27
8. Vitamins: Source, structure, function and deficiency symptoms of fat soluble vitatmins (A,D,E and K);
sources, structure of active form, function and deficiency symptoms of water soluble vitamins (vit C
and vit B complex)

Recommended Books:
1. Lehninger, Albert, L., Nelson David, L., Cox, Michael, M., Principles of Biochemistry, 1 st Indian
Edition, 1993. CBS Publisher’s and Distibutors.
2. Strayer, Lubert, (1988). Biochemistry, 3nd edition, Q. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
3. C. Dev, Fundamentals of Biochemistry.
4. Voet and Voet: Biochemistry.
5. Stryer, L. 1989. Molecular design of life.

28
 Level-3 Semester-1(January-June)

BGE311: Animal and Fisheries Biotechnology

Section-A
1. Animal Biotechnology: Scope and importance.
2. Cryo-preservation of Semen: Importance and techniques, factors affecting freezability of semen, post
thawing evaluation and method of using frozen semen for Artificial insemination, semen bank.
3. Artificial Insemination: Semen evaluation, processing and preservation, separation of X and Y
chromosomes bearing spermatozoa and its applicability.
4. Embryo Transfer: Application and methods, management of donor and recipient, estrous
synchronization, super ovulation, insemination donar, fertilization and embryo development, embryo
culture, embryo freezing, embryo sexing, transfer of selected embryo, production of twins, induced
twinning and surrogate motherhood in vitro fertilization.
5. Test Tube Baby in Human: In vitro fertilization, embryo transfer, advantages and disadvantages.
6. Production of Transgenic Animals: Production of transgenic animals for milk and meat, disease resistant
transgenic animals.
7. Gene Therapy: Detection of human disease-causing genes, functional and potential gene cloning, ex
vivo and in vivo gene therapy, viral gene delivery systems, pro-drug activation therapy.

Section-B
8. Fisheries Biotechnology: Scope of molecular biology and biotechnology in Fisheries Science,
Application of biotechnology in different areas of fisheries special emphasis on fish stock improvement
and disease treatment
9. Manipulation of Reproduction/Chromosome in Fisheries: Ploidy manipulation and induced
polyploidy, sex reversal, gynogenesis, androgenesis, mono-sex fish production, Production of YY
Super male, genetic hybridization, genetic sex selection etc.
10. Molecular markers in fisheries and aquaculture: DNA barcoding, DNA fingerprinting (RFLP
analysis), mtDNA RFLP analysis; AFLP; RAPD and microsatellite markers.
11. Production of transgenic fish: Creation of a gene `constructs, methods of gene transfer. Application
of genetic engineering technique to produce fish with enhanced growth, disease resistance and cold
tolerance.
12. Biotechnology in Health Management for Aquaculture: Hybridoma technology, production of
monoclonal antibodies, vaccine development and vaccination of aquatic animals.
13. Cryopreservation: Principles of cryopreservation, methods of cryopreservation, and application of
cryopreservation in fishes.

BGE312: Animal and Fisheries Biotechnology lab

Based on course no. BGE311

Recommended Books:
1. Curtis, J.L. 1991. : Cattle embryo transfer procedure. Academic press inc.california, USA.
2. Hafez, E.S.E. 1993. : Reproduction in farm animals. (6th edn) Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
3. J.W. Evans and A. Hollaender. Genetic engineering of animals. Plenum Press. New York and
London
4. Lamming, G.E.: Marshall’s Physiology of Reproduction. 1990 (4th edn) Churchill Livingstone,
London.
5. Waynforth, H.B and Flecknell, P.A. 1992. : Experimental and surgical technique in the rat (2 nd edn)
Academic press. NY, USA.
6. Ranga,M.M. and Q.J.Shammi (2005). Fish Biotechnology.Agrobios, India.
7.Itami, T, et. al. (1998).Advanced in shrimp biotechnology.National Centre for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology. Bangkok. Gjedren, T. (1990).Genetics in Aquaculture III Ed., Elsevier.

BGE313: Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics

Genomics:
1. Introduction: Concepts of genomics, Transcriptomics, Metabolomics, proteomics,
bioinformatics

2. Structural genomic: Genetic maps, physical maps, human genome project and its
sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism, copy number variation, metagenomics.
29
 3. Functional genomics: Sequence based approach (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression or
SAGE), Microarray based approach, Comparison between SAGE and microarray.
4. Comparative genomics: Goals of comparative genomics, Main themes of Comparative
genomics, Whole genome alignment, constructing minimal genomes, lateral gene transfer
among genomes, and comparing gene order between genomes, Homolog, ortholog, paralog.

Proteiomics:
1. Posttranslational events: Post translational modification, directing proteins to ER, synthesis
of core oligosacchraides in protein, Protein targeting, protein import by a cell, Protein
degradation.
2. Classification of protein structure: Protein structure, Fibrous protein (α keratin), Globular
protein (myoglobin), Domain, Motif.
3. Separation and Analysis of Proteins: Chromatography, Isoelectric focusing, SDS-PAGE,
Protein interaction (Y2H system, Immunoprecipitation, Co-IP, ChIP), Mass spectrometry
(MS), Tandem MS, Quantifying proteomes in cultured cells, Isotope coded affinity tag (ICAT).
4. Protein Structure Prediction: Experimental based approaches (Electron microscopy, NMR,
X-ray crystallography), Computational based approaches (Homology based modeling, Protein
threading, Ab-initio method)

Bioinformatics:
Introduction, Tools in bioinfomatics, Biological database, Nucleotide, protein and sequence database,
multiple sequence alignment, Homology searching, Primer designing, Gene prediction, Revealing protein
motifs, 3D structural comparisons, predictions and modeling, Biological Network, Gene and protein network,
Genomics circuits.

Recommended Books:
1. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, & Bioinformatics. Campbell & Heyer (2003) Pearson Education,
ISBN: 0-8053-4722-4.
2. Bioinformatic for Dummies. Jean Michel Claverie and Cedric Notredame. Wiley Publishing.
3. Introduction to Genomics. M. Lesk. Oxford University Press.
4. Introduction to Proteomics Tools for the New Biology – Daniel and Jhon. Humana Press.
5. Bioinformatics, Methods of Biochemical Analysis Series Vol. 43, Baxevanis& Ouellette (2001)
John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-38391-0.
6. Computational Molecular Biology. Pevzner, P.A. (2000) MIT Press, ISBN: 0262161974.
7. Bioinformatics: A Lab. Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. Andreas D. Baxevanis & B.
F. Francis Ouellette (2004). 3rd Edition. Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0-471-47878-4.

BGE314: Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics lab

Based on course no. BGE 313

Recommended Books:
1. Discovering Genomics, Proteomics, & Bioinformatics. Campbell & Heyer (2003) Pearson Education,
ISBN: 0-8053-4722-4.
2. Bioinformatic for Dummies. Jean Michel Claverie and Cedric Notredame. Wiley Publishing.
3. Introduction to Genomics. M. Lesk. Oxford University Press.
4. Introduction to Proteomics Tools for the New Biology – Daniel and Jhon. Humana Press.
5. Bioinformatics, Methods of Biochemical Analysis Series Vol. 43, Baxevanis& Ouellette (2001)
John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-38391-0.
6. Computational Molecular Biology. Pevzner, P.A. (2000) MIT Press, ISBN: 0262161974.
7. Bioinformatics: A Lab. Guide to the Analysis of Genes and Proteins. Andreas D. Baxevanis & B.
F. Francis Ouellette (2004). 3rd Edition. Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0-471-47878-4.

BGE315: Fermentation Technology

1. Introduction: Definition, importance and major areas of fermentation technology.

2. Phases of fermentation: Basic concepts on three core components of fermentation process and
details about development of industrially important strains and their preservation.
3. Media Formulation and Sterilization Process: Media composition, types, factors influencing media
formulation, mechanism of sterilization, killing kinetics, determination of lethal effect and lethal units.
30
 4. Inocula Preparation and Development: Criteria used for inocula preparation, different processes of
preparation, bacterial and fungal inocula preparation and development.
5. Fermentation Kinetics: rate equation for cell growth, substrate utilization, products formulation, scale
up of the process.
6. Mode of Fermentation Process: Batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation process, advantages
and disadvantages of these process.
7. Recovery and Purification of Fermentation Products: Methods of recovery and purification of
products, applications.
8. Factors Associated With Fermentation Process: Aeration: Oxygen requirement, Oxygen uptake in
cell culture, Oxygen transfer in fermenter, gas hold up, KLa measurement, Measurement of dissolved
oxygen concentrations, Estimating Oxygen Solubility, Measurement of KLa, factors effecting KLa in
fermenter, Agitation: fluid rheology.Other physic-chemical parameters
9. Fermentor: types, designing, Body, Baffles, Sparger, valves, ports.

BGE316: Fermentation Technology Lab

Based on course no. BGE315

Recommended Books:
1. Sigh, B.D (2006), Biotechnology, Expanding Horizons, Kalyani publications, New
Delhi-110002
2. Ramawat, K.G. (2004) Plant Biotechnology, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi-
110055
3. Dubey, R.C. (2005) A Textbook of Biotechnology, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New
Delhi-110055

BGE317: Biofertilizer and Renewable Energy

Biofertilizer
1. Introduction: Soil fertility, sources of nitrogen, N2-cycle, forms of soil nitrogen, amount of nitrogen-
fixed. Factors affecting nitrogen fixation.
2. Nitrogen Fixation: Activity of symbionts, activity of free fixers, manufacture of synthetic nitrogen.
Interactions of O2 with N2-fixation; supplies of electrons; energy requirement for N 2 fixation. Mechanism of
penetration of Rhizobium into roots, signal exchange before cell infection, interaction at the root hair surface
infection, infection thread development and nodulation; function of the nodule; measurement of N 2 fixation.
Factors affecting nodule development.
3. Nitrogenase: Discovery, nature and mode of action and mechanism of nitrogen-fixation.
4. The Nif genes: Nif+ and Nif-; genetics of Nif in Klebsiella pneumoniae; structure and regulation of Nif
genes in K. penumoniae, Rhizobium and Anabeana.
5. Isolation, Identification and Classification of the Following Microorganisms used as
Biofertilizers: Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillium, Frankia and Mycorrhizae.
6. Production of Biofertilizers: a) Rhizobium: Mass-production, inoculants, quality control, methods of
inoculation and agronomic improtance. b) Azotobacter: Physiology and function, crop response.
c) Azospirillium: Physiology and function, Inoculant, crop response. d) Frankia: Infection and nodule
development. e) Mycorrhizae: Types, physiology and function, inoculum production and inoculation
techniques.
7. Blue Green Algae (BGA): Nitrogen transformations in a low land rice ecosystem; heterocysts-modes
of nitrogen fixation in BGA, isolation of BGA, agroclimatic variations; algalization-mass cultivation;
multiplication of BGA in the field and effect of inoculation on the yield of rice, pay off from BGA
inoculant.
8. General Discussion on: Azolla, green manure, algae and soil reclamation, organic matter
composting and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, benefits from biofertilizers.

Renewable Energy:
1. Introduction: Sources of energy, types of energy.
2. Biomass: Sources, composition, formation of biomass, terrestrial and aquatic biomass.
3. Biochemical conversion Technology-Biogas: Biogas technology, Biogas plants types, Microbiology
of biogas production, Size and selection for Biogas plant, Biogas plant- materials and methods for
Construction.
4. Bio-fuels: Bio-Fuels and characteristics, Bio-Diesel, Bio-Diesel production processes, Bio-Ethanol
Production,
31
5. Biomass and Environment: Environmental impacts and remedies, other important issues.
Recommended References:
1. Carl. W. Hall, (1981). Biomass as an Alternative Fuel. Govt. Institutes, Inc. USA.
2. Dubey, R. C. 2004. A text Book of Biotechnology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd. New Delhi-110055
3. Gary Stacey, Robert H. Burris and Harold J. Evans (1997). Biological Nitrogen Fixation. First
Indian edition, CBS Publishers & Distributors, New Delhi, India.
4. Klass, Donald E., Emert, George 11, 1981.Fuels from Biomass and Waste. Ann Arbor Science
Pub. Ins. USA.
5. Mital, K. M. 1996. Biomass System-Principles and applications. New Age international (P) Ltd.
India
6. Postagate J. R. (1982). The Fundamentals on Nitrogen Fixation. First Edition, Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge CB21RP.
7. Bernard R. Glick. Molecular Biotechnology.

BGE319: Industrial Microbiology

Introduction: Concept, history, Nature of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, Characteristics

of Industrial Microbiology, Multi-disciplinary nature of industrial microbiology, ‘Fermentation’ in
Industrial Microbiology, Organizational Set-up in an Industrial Microbiology Establishment,
Applications of industrial microbiology.

BIOLOGICAL BASIS OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY:

Industrial Microorganisms: Microorganisms, Micro-organisms Important in Industrial Microbiology,
Characteristics of Microbes Used in Industrial Microbiology.
Media: Media, Nutrient Requirements, Raw Materials, Criteria for Raw Materials, Growth Factors,
Water, protein, carbohydrate, microbial growth, conditions and monitoring.
Microbiology Products: Microbial Metabolism, Primary and Secondary Metabolites, Products of
primary metabolism, Products of secondary metabolism, Trophophase-idiophase Relationships in the
Production of Secondary Products.

PRODUCTS OF INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

Single Cell Protein (SCP), Yeast Production, Production of Fermented Foods; Organic Acids and its
Production-citric acid and Lactic acid, Methods; Bioleaching, Commercial Leaching Methods,
Microbiology of the Leaching Process.
Fermented Vegetables

PRODUCTS OF MEDICAL IMPORTANCE

Production of Antibiotics: Classification and Nomenclature of Antibiotics, Beta-Lactam Antibiotics,
Search for New Antibiotics.
Production of Ergot Alkaloids: Ergot Alkaloids, Uses of Ergot Alkaloids and their Derivates,
Production of Ergot Alkaloids.
Vaccines: Nature and Importance of Vaccines, Production of Vaccines, Control of Vaccines.
Drug Discovery and Regulations: Conventional and Newer Methods of Drug Discovery, Approval of
New Antibiotic and Drugs by the Regulating Agency.
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
Concept of Hazard, Steps of HACCP, Critical Control Point (CCP), Critical Control Limit (CCL),
Implemetantion of HACCP in food industry or other industries

Recommended Books:
1. T.D. Brock et al. Biology of Microorganisms.
2. Atlas R M and Bartha R. Microbial Ecology- Fundamental and applications.
3. G.JTortora,Funke&Case. Microbiology: an introduction.
4. M.J Pelczar, E.C.S.Chan and N.R krieg. Microbiology.
5. Jawetz E. J. et al. Review of medical microbiology.

MKT321: Agri Bio-Business

1. Aspects of agricultural marketing: Definition – Evolution - Branches or Areas - Importance and

Approaches to the Study of Agricultural Marketing - Market Structure and Product Market Features -

32
 Consumption Structure - Basic Problems of Agricultural Marketing - Sub-Systems - Roles Ideal
System - Flow of Agricultural Marketing - Scientific Marketing for Farm Products.
2. Agricultural market structure: Components and Dimensions of Market - Types and Dynamics of
Market - Factors Affecting Market and Market Structure - Difference between Agro Product Marketing
and Industrial Product - Industrial Income vs. Agricultural Income - Agro Based Industry - A Promising
Sector for Our Economy - Categories and Prospects of Agro Business - Areas and Problems of Agro
Business in Bangladesh.
3. Agricultural Marketing Cost and Pricing: Distinguish Character of Marketing Costs – Elements of
Marketing Costs – Efficiency Dimensions – Factors Affecting Marketing Costs – Factors Affecting
Price Decision – Demand & Supply Analysis – Causes of Price Fluctuations and their Effects.

Part-B

4. Tissue culture business in Bangladesh: Definition, protocol for in vitro plant regeneration,
sterilization procedure, merit and demerit of tissue culture, commercial application of tissue culture
under Bangladesh condition with special emphasis of potato seed production, Economic return of
tissue culture technology.
5. World Biotech Crops: Definition of biotech crops, technology for development of biotech crops,
Basic idea about genetic engineering, different methods of genetic engineering, world status of
biotech crops, economic return from biotech crops.
6. Biotech crops in Bangladesh: History of genetic engineering in Bangladesh, different institutes work
on genetic engineering for development of biotech crops, Bt-brinjal development technology and
history in Bangladesh, Cost-benefit analysis regarding Bt-brinjal plant cultivation under Bangladesh
condition, Economic return of Bt-brinjal, Bt-cotton cultivation in Bangladesh.
7. Ethical issues of Biotech crops: Debate regarding biotech crops, merit and demerits of transgenic
crops, major risk of transgenic crops.

Recommended Books:

1. Flichman, G. 2011. Bio-Economic Models applied to Agricultural Systems. Springer

Netherlands
2. Eaton, M. L. 2004. Ethics and the Business of Bioscience. Stanford Business Books.
3. Palfrey, J. 2011. Intellectual Property Strategy. The MIT Press.
4. M. S. R. Bhuiyan and Haque M. E. 2008. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture.
5. Razdan, M.K. 2003. An Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture. Science publisher.
6. Vasil, I. K. and Thrope, T. A. 2013. Plant Cell and Tissue Culture. Springer science and
business media.
7. Roberta H. Smith, 2013. Plant Tissue Culture: Techniques and Experiments. Elselvier
Publication.
8. Bhojwani, S. S. and M. K. Razdan. 1996. Plant Tissue Culture: Theory and Practices. Elsevier
Science.
9. Jha T. and B. B. Ghosh, 2005. Plant Tissue Culture, Basic and Applied. Universities
Publications, India.

33
 Level-3 Semester-2 (July-December)

AGR351: Plant Breeding

1. Introduction: Definition, history, scope, objectives and genetic basis. Contribution of national
research institutes for the development of improved varieties of important crops.
2. Plant genetic resources: Definition and classification of germplasm, Gene pool concept, genetic
erosion.
3. Self-incompatibility: Definition, cause, classification on the basis of the interaction between pollen
grain and pistil, Heteromorphic and Homomorphic system of self-incompatibility, mechanism,
elimination and temporary suppression of self-incompatibility.
4. Apomixis: Definition, Ideal features of apomictic system, classifications, genetics of apomixis,
development of apomictic lines, application of apomixis, advantage and problems in utilization of
apomixis.
5. Male sterility: Definition, classifications, phenotypic expression, genetic male sterility, molecular
mechanism of male sterility action. Types of genetic male sterility, TGMS and PGMS lines, transgenic
genetic male sterility and their utilization in plant breeding.
6. Hybridization techniques and consequences: Definition, objectives, prerequisites, advantages and
disadvantages of hybridization. Selfing and crossing techniques, difficulties and precaution, rising of F1
generation, techniques in field traits.
7. Heterosis and inbreeding depression: Heterosis: types, scope, genetic, physiological and
biochemical basis, use of heterosis in plant breeding. Inbreeding depression: genetic effects of
inbreeding depression, genetic basis of heterosis and inbreeding depression.
8. Methods of breeding: Self pollinated crop: mass selection, pure line selection, pedigree method,
backcross methods and bulk method of selection and single seed descent method. Cross pollinated crop:
variety concept, mass selection, recurrent selection, inbreed lines and evaluation of inbreed lines (general
combining ability and specific combining ability).
9. Release and evaluation of new varieties: Distribution of improved seeds from laboratory to farmers.
Production of hybrid and synthetic varieties.

AGR352: Plant Breeding Lab

Based on course no. BGE351

Recommended Books:
1. Allard, R. W. 1999. Principles of Plant Breeding. John Willey & Sons. New York.
2. Chopra, V. l. 1989. Plant Breeding. Oxford and IBH publishing Com. Ltd. New Dilhi.
3. Dana, S. 2001. Plant Breeding. NayaUdyog. Calcatta.
4. Singh. B. D. 1995. Plant Breeding – Principles and Methods. Kalyani Publishers. New Dilhi

BGE353: Immunology and Immune Technology

1. Introduction: History, components of immune system, molecular and cellular basis of immune
system.
2. Antigen and antibody: Types, properties and structure.
3. Cells and organs involved in the immune response: Lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells),
primary and secondary expansion of lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes,
monocytes/macrophages, antigen presenting cells, polymorphs and mast cells; the primary and
secondary lymphoid organs and tissues.
4. The humoral immune response: Antigen-antibody interactions, affinity and avidity; antibodies,
classification, structure, function and mechanism of action; interferons and their functions.
5. The cell-mediated immune response: Recognition of antigen by T cells, antigen presentation, the
major histocompatibility complexes or MHC molecules, the role of cytokines and the regulation of
immune responses.

34
 6. Complements: Activities of complement proteins, activation of complement, classical pathway,
regulation of classical pathway activation, alternative pathway, activation and amplification loop, their
regulation, membrane attack complex, biological effects of complement.
7. Immunity to infection: Immunity to intracellular and extracellular bacteria, viral infections, and
parasitic infections.
8. Vaccination: Designing of vaccines, attenuated vaccine, conjugate vaccine, subunit vaccine, DNA
based and other vaccines; experimental vaccines for cholera as an example.
9. Immunopathology: Immunodeficiency, autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, tumor immunology,
hypersensitivity reactions, AIDS.
10. Immunological techniques: Precipitation, agglutination, ELISA, Radio immunoassay (RIA),
immunoelectrophoresis, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and fluorescence activated cell sorter
(FACS).

BGE354: Immunology and Immune Technology lab

Based on course no. BGE353

Recommended Books:
1. I. M. Roitt et al. Immunology.
2. I. M. Roitt et al. Essential Immunology.
3. D. K. Mate et al. Advanced Immunology.
4. T. J. Barrett. Text book of Immunology.
5. I. R. Tizard. Immunology: an introduction.
6. Jains Kuby, W. H. Freeman & Co. N. Y. Immunology.

BGE355: Enzymology and Enzyme Technology

1. Enzyme: History, concept, nomenclature and classification, enzyme assay, specific activity,
applications of enzyme.
2. Mechanism of enzyme action: Structure and General properties of enzymes; Active site and
Specificity of enzyme; Enzyme substrate complex. Induced fit theory. Mechanism of enzyme action,
Factors affecting enzyme activity; Isozymes; Coenzymes, Metalloenzymes; membrane bound
enzymes; Multienzyme complexes
3. Kinetics of enzyme: Kinetics of enzyme catalysed reactions. Free energy of enzyme reactions.
Steady state kinetics. Michaelis Menton, Lineweaver –Burk, Eadie-Hofstee and Hanes-Woolf
equations. Pre-steady state kinetics.
4. Enzyme inhibition: Enzyme inhibitors: - types of inhibitors; Mechanism of enzyme inhibition –
competitive, non – competitive, uncompetitive and mixed inhibition. Allosteric and irreversible
inhibition. Hill equation.
5. Regulation of enzyme activity: Allosteric enzymes and metabolic regulations. Sigmoid kinetics.
Steady state metabolic pathways. Regulation of metabolic pathways by control of enzyme activity,
Enzyme activation-zymogens. Active sites of enzymes. Substrate analogues and their uses.
6. Enzyme technology: Synthetic enzymes, Clinical and industrial applications of enzymes, Enzymes
and inborn errors of metabolism, Enzymes as reagents in clinical chemistry, Enzyme engineering,
Immobilization of enzymes and their application, Kinetics of immobilized enzymes, Biosensor.

BGE356: Enzymology and Enzyme Technology Lab

Based on course no. BGE355

Recommended Books:
1. B Nelson and Cox. 2008. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry; W H Freeman & Co.
1. Rehm, H. J. and G. Reed, Biotechnology, Vol. 7a. Enzyme Technology- Enzyme Structure
and Mechanism, 2nd edition-Fresht. VCH Germany.
1. Walsh, C. 1979. Enzymatic Reaction Mechanism.
2. Immobilized enzymes and cells-A. Rosevear et al.,1987, Adam Higher imprint IOP
Publishing.
3. Clinical chemistry-a fundamental textbook-Donald F. Calbreath,1992, W. B. Saunders
company
4. Industrial enzymes and their applications-Helmut Uhlig. 1998, John Wiley &sons
5. Enzymes-Biochemistry, Biotechnology and clinical chemistry-Trevor Palmer, Horwood
Pub.2004, East West Press, New Delhi

35
 BGE357: Microbial Genetics

1. Bacterial Chromosome: Structure and Replication (Review).

2. Plasmid: Introduction, structure and replication, replication of Col E1, R6k and conjugative plasmid
control of plasmid replication, plasmid curing r-plasmid and antibiotic resistance, mechanism of
antibiotic resistance.
3. Conjugation: F+ and F- like plasmids, tra-operon, sex pilli, formation of hfr strain, gene mapping by
conjugation analysis, transfer of non-conjugative plasmid by conjgative plasmid, plasmid mobilization,
chromosome transfer by f cultures of E. coli k-12. conjugation and chromosome transfer in other
bacteria, conjugal transer of r-plasmid.
4. Transormation and electroporation: Competence, uptake of dna, transfection. artificially induced
competence. DNA transfer by electroppration.
5. Transduction: Generalized tranduction, experimental evidence, origin of generalized tranducing
phages, genetic mapping by different transductant classes. Specialized transduction, experimental
evidence, origin of specialized tranducing phage particle.
6. Phage genetics: Phage T4. T4 life cycle (lysis Vs lysogeny), genetic recombination in phage T4,
genetic fine structure, unit of function. Phage x174- life cycle, genetic organization.
7. Transposon and insertion sequences: Transposable elements, the mechanism of transposition.
Tranposon mutagenesis.
8. Recombination: types of recombination; molecular basis of homologous, non-homologous
recombination and Site-specific recombination
9. Mutation and variation: types of mutation, point mutation, large scale mutation, mechanism of
mutation, induced mutation, spontaneous mutation. restoration of phenotypes.
10. DNA repair mechanisms: Mismatch repair, Excision repair, SOS repair, Inherited Human diseases
with defects in DNA repair.
11. Yeast Genetics: Mating type genetics of yeast, yeast plasmid, mitrocondrial inheritance in yeast.

Recommended Books:
1. Avers, C. J. (1990). Genetics. Freeman and co. NY.
2. Broce, T. D. Madigan, M. T. Martinco, J. M. and Parker, J. (1990). Biology of Microorganism.
3. Hardy, K. M. (1986). Bacterial Plasmid. Published by American Society of Microbiology.
4. Strickberger, M. W. (1990). Genetics. Macmillan pub. Co. NY.
5. Suzuki, Griffith and Miller. (1986). Introduction to Genetic Analysis. W. H. freeman and Co.
USA.

BGE359: Virology

1. Major groups of viruses: Viral structure, nature of viruses, classification with representative
examples, bacterial, plant and animal viruses with their nomenclature and classification.
2. Cultivation, detection and assay of virus: Serological and molecular detection, plaques assay
(PFU), infectious center assay, one-hit kinetic and two-hit kinetics of virus cultivation.
3. Host virus interaction: Attachment, entry and uncoating, replication, assembly and maturation, exit
of virus from host cells.
4. Bacterial virus, phage: Multiplication of T-seven bacteriophages (lytic & lysogeny cycle),
bacteriophages λ, gene expression and assembly of bacteriophages.
5. Animal virus: Classification based on gene expression, studies on virion structure, infectivity, mode
of gene expression and virus assembly of representative member of each class-herpes virus,
papovavirus, hepatitis virus (HBV and HCV), picornavirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), rabies
virus, reovirus, retrovirus (HIV).
6. Effect of animal viruses on host cells: Cytolytic effects, morphological and biochemical
observations, inhibitions of proteins, RNA and DNA synthesis, pattern of viral infection- acute, chronic,
persistent and latent viral infection.
7. Plant virus: Structure, genomic organization and molecular aspects of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV),
cotton leaf curl geminivirus (CLCuV) and potato virus X, Y, Papaya ring spot virus (PRSV).
8. Prevention and control of viral infection: General prevention strategies, Immunization with
vaccines and antiviral drugs, mechanism of action and limitations of use of these drugs.

Recommended Books:
1. Micael J. Pelezer, Jr. ECS, Chan & Nocl R. Krieg: Microbiology Concept & Application
2. B.N. Fields, D. M. Knipe: Fundamental virology
3. Bruce Alberts, etal: Molecular biology of the cell
36
4. Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E.Hausman: The cell, A molecular approach.
5. Benjamin Lewin: Genes IX

37
 Level-4 Semester-1 (January-June)

BGE411: Microbial Biotechnology

1. Strain Improvement: Conventional method of strain improvement: random mutagenesis,

Screening and isolation Site directed mutagenesis, metabolic engineering, Feedback inhibition,
Carbon and nitrogen source regulation or auxotrophic mutation, phosphate regulation, the effect of
autoregulatory compounds.

2. Gene cloning and Production of Protein from cloned genes: Recombination technology and
Gene cloning, Special vectors for expression of foreign genes in E. coli, General problems with the
production of recombinant protein in E. coli, Production of recombinant protein by eukaryotic cells:
yeast, fungi and animal cell.

3. CRISPR/ Cas9 in Genome editing: Components of CRISPR system, Three Different types of
CRISPR mechanisms (in vivo), CRISPR/cas9 for genome editing in vitro, Application of CRISPR
technology, Advantages of CRISPR compared to other genome editing tools.

4. Biotechnology in Alternative Regenerable Supply of Feed-Stocks for Chemical Industry:

Altering Alcohol Production: Strategies for Inexpensive Large-Scale Production of the Enzymes
Involved in the production of Alcohol or Fructose from Starch Grains, Genetic Engineering of Bacteria
with Improved Starch Saccharification, Genetic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Bypass
the Saccharification Step During the Production of Alcohol from Starch, Genetic Engineering of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Improved Saccharification of Insoluble Starch.
Improving Fructose Production: The Enzymatic Conversion of Glucose to Fructose,
Xylose/Glucose Isomerase Production by Thermophilic Bacterium; Silage Fermentation; Isopropanol
Production; Engineering Yeast Transcription to tolerate High Concentrations of Both Glucose and
Ethanol.
Utilization of Cellulose: Prospect of Lignocellulosic Materials as Renewable
Resources,Compositions of Various Lignocellulosics, Components of Lignocellulose; Isolation of
Cellulase Genes: Isolation of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cellulase Genes, Manipulation of Cellulase
Genes, Zymomonas mobilis.

5. Biotechnology in medicine: Recombinant Therapeutic Antibodies:

Structure and Function of Antibodies: Therapeutic Antibodies from Animal Sources, Therapeutic
Antibodies using Hybridoma Technology, Recombinant Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies.
Hybrid Human-Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies: Chimeric Antibody, Humanized Antibody,
Trastuzumab: The First Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Approved for the Treatment of Breast
Cancer, Human Monoclonal Antibodies: XenoMouse.
Antibody Fragments and Combinatorial Libraries of Antibody Fragments: Procedure to Create a
Combinatorial Library, Constructing Combinatorial Gene Library into Bacteriophage Lambda (),
Advantages of Combinatorial Gene Library, Transformation of E. coli with H-L Chains, Filamentous
Bacteriophage Construction of Combinatorial Libraries; A Combinatorial Library of Full-Length
Antibodies; Shuffling CDR Sequences; Chemically Linked Monoclonal Antibodies; Dual-Variable-
Domain Antibodies; Anticancer Antibodies.

6. Biotechnology and Bioremediation: Genetic Engineering of Biodegradative Pathways,

Manipulation by Gene Alteration: 4-Ethylbenzoate, Subsurface Bioremediation of Sites Contaminated
by Radionuclides.

BGE412: Microbial Biotechnology lab

Based on course no. BGE411

Recommended Books:
1.Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and Applications of Recombinant DNA, Fourth Edition.
Bernard R Glick, Jack J Pasternak and Cheryl L Patten. ASM Press, American Society for
Microbiology, Washington DC.
2.Biotechnology, Fourth Edition. 2004. John E Smith, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
3.Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. 2001. Michael J Waites, Neil L Morgan, John S
Rockey and Gary Higton. Blackwell Science Ltd., London.
4.Microbial Biotechnology: Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology, 2nd Edition. 2007.
Alexander N Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido. 2007. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
38
 5.Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, Twelfth Edition. 2007. Betty A Forbes, Daniel F
Sahm and Alice S Weissfeld. Mosby, St. Louise.
6.Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis: An Introduction, Fourth Edition. Brown TA. 2010. Blackwell
Science Ltd., Oxford

BGE413: Molecular Markers and Diagnostics

Molecular Markers
1. Introduction: Concept, genetic principles, variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs)/Minisattellite
sequences, short tandem repeats (STRs)/Microsattellite sequences, hybrid arrester translation, hybrid
released translation.
2. DNA Fingerprinting: Hybridization based DNA fingerprinting (RFLP) - radioactive, fluorescent and
chemiluminescent methods; PCR-based DNA fingerprinting-Single locus and multi-locus DNA
fingerprinting, RAPD, AFLP. Application of PCR, RT-PCR. RNA fingerprinting.
3. Applications of DNA Fingerprinting: Identification of genotypes/varieties/breeds/strains; animal and
plant protection right, criminal investigation, immigration, paternity dispute, identification of missing
children, bodies found in plane crush, road accidents etc.
4. Polymorphisms: Polymorphism of some genetic locus in relation to diseases.

Techniques
1. Centrifugation techniques: Theory and application of analytical and preparative centrifugation, concept
of continuous and zonal rotors, use of K and K factors, analytical ultracentrifuge.
2. DNA microarrays/ DNA chips/gene chips- basic concept, application of DNA microarray technology in
diagnostics.
3. Isolation techniques: Plasmid DNA, genomic DNA, RNAs and Protein, Dialysis: Protein, enzyme.
4. Electrophoretic Techniques: Theory, applications and types of starch, agarose and polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis; paper, native and SDS-PAGE electrophoreses; iso-electric focussing, isotechophoresis,
immuno-diffusion and immuno-electrophoresis methods.
5. Molecular Techniques: PCR, Southern, Northern and Western blotting, bioassay tests, sequencing.
6. Chromatography Techniques: Theory, applications and types of chromatography- paper, thin layer
(TLC), gel filtration, ion-exchange, affinity, reverse-phase chromatography, GLC, HPLC and FPLC.
7. Radioisotopic Techniques: Introduction to radioisotopes, their uses and monitoring concept of
counting efficiency, and autoradiography, radiation dosimetry. Labelling and measurements of
radioactivity. Calculation of g-value, FISH.
8. Spectroscopic Techniques: Theory and applications of UV and visible spectrophotometry,
fluorimetry, MS, NMR, PMR, ESR, plasma emission, spectroscopy, hydrodynamic methods, X-ray
diffraction, atomic absorption.
9. Detection of ß-thalassemia mutation using ARMS, PCR clinical implication, Detection of fragile X
syndrome by FMR-I gene trinucleotide repeat analysis clinical implications, Detection of Philadelphia
chromosome [BCL-ABL (9:22) translocation] by genomic southern hybridization- acute leukemia and
chronic myelogenous leukemia.

BGE414: Molecular Markers and Diagnostics lab

Based on course no. BGE413

Recommended Books:
1. Cowell, I.G. and C.A. Austin. 1997. cDNA Library Protocols. Humana Press, New Jersey.
2. Fowler, EA. 1993. Techniques for Engineering Genes. Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., UK.
3. Freefelder, D. 1985. Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House. New Delhi.
4. Freifelder. D. 1982. Physical Biochemistry. Application to Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2nd Ed.
W.H. Freemen and Company, San Fransisco.
5. Glover, D.M., and B.D. Hames. 1995. DNA Cloning-1 Core Techniques: A Practical Approach. Oxford
University Press, New York.
6. Gupta, P.K. 1997. Cell and Molecular Biology. Rastogi Pub., India.
7. Kjellssion, G., V. Simonsen, and K. Ammann. 1997. Methods for Risk Assessment of Transgenic
Plants. Birkhauser Verlag, Germany.
8. Slater, R.J. 1990. Radioisotopes in Biology- A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, UK.
9. Westhoff, P. 1998. Molecular Plant Development. Oxford University Press, New York.
10. Williams, B.L., and K. Wilson. 1986. A Biologist Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical
Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. Edward Arnold Publisher.

39
 BGE415: Cell Signaling

1. General Principles of Cell signaling: Extracellular signaling molecules and other receptors,
Operation of signaling molecules over various distances, Sharing of signal information, Cellular
response to specific combinations of extracellular signal molecules; Different response by different
cells to same extracellular signal molecules, NO signaling by binding to an enzyme inside target cell,
Nuclear receptor; Ion channel linked, G-protein linked and enzyme linked receptors; Relay of signal by
activated cell surface receptors via intracellular signaling molecules., Intracellular signaling proteins as
molecular switches, Interaction between modular binding domain and signaling proteins,
Remembering the effect of some signal by cells.

2. Signaling Through G-protein-linked Cell Surface Receptors: Disassembly of G-proteins to relay

signals from G-protein linked receptors, cAMP and G-protein signaling, role of c-AMP dependent
protein kinase in mediating effects of cAMP, Inositol phospholipids signaling pathway, Ca 2+ as a
intracellular messengers, role of Ca2+ / Calmodulin-dependent kinase in mediating actions of Ca2+,
Regulation of ion channels by G-proteins, Amplification and extracellular signals by intracellular
mediators and enzymatic cascade, desensitization of G-protein linked receptors.
3. Signaling Through Enzyme Linked Cell Surface Receptors: Receptor tyrosine kinases, docking
sits for proteins, Activation of Ras, Ras cycles between Ras to a cascade of protein kinases including
MAP-kinases, PI3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway, Insulin receptor acts through PI3-kinase
pathway, Cytokine receptors and the JAK-STAT pathway, Two component signaling pathway of
bacterial chemotaxis.
4. Signaling Pathways That Depends on Regulated Proteolysis: Activation of Notch receptor by
cleavage, binding of WNT proteins to Frizzled receptors, stressful and proinflammatory stimuli act
through NFκB-dependant signaling pathway.
5. TGF Signaling Receptors: Activated type TGFβ receptors phosphorylate Smad transcription factors,
Smad signaling via negative feedback loop, TGF signaling and abnormal cell proliferation.
6. Environmental Approaches of Signal Induced responses: Evolutionary conservation and
proliferation of genes encoding signals and regulators, detection of transcription changes by in situ
hybridization, Protein microarrays for monitoring cell responses, Regulation of glycogenolysis by
multiple second messengers, Cellular response by oxygen deprivation.
7. Apoptosis: TRAIL, Mitochondria, apoptosis and ageing.

Recommended Books:
1. Darnell, J., Lodish H. And Baltimore, D. 1986. Molecular Cell Biology, W.H. Freeman and
Company, New York.
2. Alberts B. Bray, D. Lewis, J., 1989. Molecular Biology of The Cell. Garland Publishing Inc.
New York.
3. DNA cloning 1 and 2. Glover, D.M. and Hames, B.D. 1995. IRL Press (Oxford University
Press, USA).
4. Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th edition). Alberts, Johnson, Lewis, Raff, Roberts and Walter.
5. Molecular Cell Biology (5th edition). Lodish, Berk, Matsudaira, Kaiser, Krieger, Scott, Zipersky
and Darnell.
6. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry (4th edition). Nelson and Cox. W. H. Freeman. ISBN-13:
978-0716743392

BGE417: Developmental Biology

Section A
Key concept: Development events and differential gene expression. Developmental Genetics-
approaches & techniques. Cell fate determination in C. elegans and Zebrafish.

Early embryonic development: Gemetogenesis. Fertilization. Cleavage I, Cleavage II, Gastrulation

I, Gastrulation II.

Axial patterning: Axis formation in amphibians. Anterior/posterior patterning in amphibians.

Anterior/posterior patterning in Drosophila (material effect genes). Anterior/posterior patterning in
Drosophila (segmentation genes). Hox genes and dorsal ventral patterning. Early mammalian
development. Left-right patterning, early development in zebrafish.

Later embryonic developments: Patterning the central nervous system. Ectoderm-eye-

development, Ectoderm-epidermis and hair development. Ectoderm-neural crest development,
40
 Ectoderm-tooth development and axon guidance. Mesoderm-somites formation. Mesoderm-muscle
and bone development, Mesoderm-Kidney development. Mesoderm-heart and vessels development.
Mesoderm-limb formation: Endoderm; Heamatopoiesis.

Post-embryonic development: Sex determination-mammals, Sex determination (Drosophila) and X-

inactivation, Regeneration, Environmental Regulation of development, Aging infertility and the nature
of human disease, Cancer as a disease of development.

Section B
Plant life cycle: Gametogenesis, pollen tubes growth and guidance, double fertilization.

Embryogenesis: Establishment of meristem and maintenance.

Patterning in early embryos: Mutations affecting pattern formation.
Post-embryonic pattern formation: Cell lineages, cell fate, clonal analysis, lack of a germline.

Photomorphogenesis:
Phase change (juvenile to adult) and changes in meristem identity.
Flower development: Organ identity and patterning, leaf development, root development, genes
involved in development of different plant parts.
Impact of plant development on plant genetics: Plant genetic model systems.

Forward genetics entree: Mutagenesis-chemical, physical and T-DNA. Transposon mutagenesis.

Analyzing mutations: mapping complementation.
Recommended Books:
1. Gilbert, S. F. 2016. Developmental Biology, 11th edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc.
2. Wolpert, L., Tickle, C. and Arias, A. M. 2015. Principles of Development, Fifth Edition. Oxford
University Press.
3. Jonathan M. W. Slack.2012. Essential Developmental Biology, 3rd edition.Wiley-Blackwell
4. Wright, S. J. 2005. A Photographic Atlas of Developmental Biology. Morton Publishing Company.
5. Carlson, B. M. 2013. Human Embryology and Developmental Biology. Saunders.

BGE419: Nanobiotechnology

1. Fundamentals Nanotechnology: The term of nanotechnology, the history of nanotechnology,

history of nanomaterials, synthesis approaches applied for the synthesis of nanomaterials (top-down
and bottom-up approaches) / different types of physical and chemical synthesis techniques,
characterization techniques which are used to characterize the unique features of nanomaterials
(spectroscopic and microscopic techniques).

2. Nanobiotechnology: The different biological entities which can be used for the biological
fabrication of nanomaterials including; bacteria, yeast and fungi, actinomycetes, micro- and macro-
algae, extracts of different plant parts (seeds, leaves, stem and roots), agro-industrial wastes (fruit
and vegetable peels).

3. Application of Nanobiotechnology in Human Health and Medicine: Implications of

Nanotechnology in Simultaneous Diagnosis and Therapy (Nanotheranostics), Surface Modification of
Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications.

4. Application of Nanobiotechnology in Plant Protection: Nanotechnology-based plant disease

management, Copper Nanostructures Applications in Plant Protection, Nanomaterials as
Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Agents.

5. Application of Nanobiotechnology in Agri-Food Industry: Nanotechnology in Functional Foods

and Their Packaging, Use of Nanotechnology as an Antimicrobial Tool in the Food Sector

Recommended Books:
1. Ehud Gazit and Anna Mitraki. Second Edition (2013). Plenty of Room for Biology at the Bottom, An
Introduction to Bionanotechnology.
2. Niemeyer CM & Mirkin CA. 2005. Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives.
Wiley Interscience.

41
3. Dhawan, A.; Singh,S.; Kumar, A.; Shanker, R. 2018. Nanobiotechnology, Human health and the
Environment.
4. Abd-Elsalam, AA and Prasad, R. 2018. Nanobiotechnology Application in Plant Protection.
5. Grumezescu, AM. 2017. Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry.

BGE421: Cancer Biology

1. Introduction: What is cancer. Types of cancer, factors causing cancer, characteristics of

cancer cells, Cell proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis.

2. Hypotheses about cancer: The somatic mutation hypotheses, the viral gene hypothesis, the
defective immunity hypothesis.
3. Cell growth control: Control of normal cell growth and behaviour, autocrine, paracrine and
endocrine growth factors altered expression, function and control of these mechanisms in
malignancy, Growth factor signal transolaction in cancer. Gene promoters and their activity in
normal and malignant cells. Protein- protein interaction.

4. Tumor: Genetic basis for tumor development, somatic cell genetic studies of tumori genesis.
Local (e.g. pressure), distant (metastasis and non metastasis). Tumor metastasis, tumor
aviculture and angiogenesis, tumor interactions, DNA repair pathway genes.

5. The genetics of normal and malignant cells: Normal chromosomal structure and function,
normal gene transcription and its control, normal DNA repair mechanisms, polymorphisms,
mini and micro satellites, chromatin structure and function, methylation, hypomethylation and
methylation reversal, chromosomal and genetic changes in malignancy, point mutations,
translocations, deletions, gene amplification and over-expression

6. Cancer genetics: Inherited syndromes associated with cancer: Ataxia telangiectasia, (AT)
xeroderma pigmentosa, nijmegin break syndrome, li-Fraumeni, lynch, MEN, cockayne’s
familial polyposis coli, inherited breast cancer syndromes, genes conferring susceptibility to
cancer. Introduction to various genes associated with cancer, mechanisms whereby such
genes can be associated with neoplasia, linkage analysis.

7. Causation of human cancer: Environmental factors and influences, chemical carcinogenesis,

carcinogenesis in vitro and in vivo oncogenic viruses, DNA damage and repair (differing
effects with various radiation types). Nucleotide excision repair, genes and products
associated with repair.

8. Oncogenes: Discovery and identification of Oneogenes, Mechanisms of oncogene activation,

oncogenes in the initiation and progression of Neoplasia, tumor suppressor genes (TSG),
Metastasis suppressor.

9. Cellular and Molecular Basis of Cancer: Angiogenesis, Model of metastasis, Seed and soil
hypothesis, basic steps of metastatic cascades, Epigenetics in Cancer

10. Targeted gene therapy for cancer, principles of chemotherapy: Mechanisms of cytotoxic drug
action, cancer prevention, study of some common cancer Hodgkin.

Recommended Books:
Raymond, W. Ruddon. 3rd Edition, 1995, Cancer Biology, Oxford University press.
Tannock. The basic science of Oncology, 4th ed. IF, Hill RP et al. eds, 2005, Mc Graw-Hill, ISBN 0-
07138-774-9.
Kleinsmith. L.J. 2006, Principles of Cancer Biology, ISBN, 0-80534-003-3.
M.R. Ahuja, 1997, Cancer, Causes and Prevention, UBS Publisher`s Distributors Ltd. New Delhi.

Principles of Virology (2 Volume Set) 4th Edition by S. Jane Flint (Author), Lynn W. Enquist (Author),
Vincent R. Racaniello

42
 Level-4 Semester-2 (July-December)

BGE451: Gene Expression and Regulation

1. Molecular Biology of Organelles: Extra nuclear hereditary materials; genomes of mitochondria and
plastid-interaction with nucleus; Rubisco-a case study of duel control of its synthesis by nucleus as
well as plastome.
2. Transcription: DNA as template, regulation of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, promoters,
terminators, post transcriptional splicing and processing of mRNA, rRNA, tRNA; RNA as an enzyme.
3. Translation: Path from gene to proteins, gene protein relationship. Colinearity of gene and protein
structure. Genetic code, specificity, redundancy control of translation, post-translational modifications
and transport, protein targeting, non-ribosomal polypeptide synthesis, antibiotics and translation.
4. Gene Expression: Operon concept, lytic cascade and lysogenic repression, epigenetics, etc. X-
chromosome inactivation, regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes, cell differentiation and
oncogenes.
5. Regulation of Gene Expression: Transcription RNA polymerases, sigma factors in eukaryotes;
heterogeneous nuclear RNA; messenger RNA- structure and complexity; interrupted genes and RNA
splicing; expression of specific genes; genes for ribosomal RNA; histone genes, global genes; heat
shock genes; leghaemoglobin genes; genes for storage proteins of legumes and cereals; possible
role of middle repetitive DNA in control of gene expression; Britten- Davidson model.
6. In vivo Expression Techniques: Subtraction hybridization, transposon tagging, promoter trapping,
activation tagging.

Recommended Books:
1. Adams, R.L.P., J.T. Knowler and D.P. Leader. 1992. The Biochemistry of Nucleic Acids, 11 th Ed.
Champman & Hall, New York.
2. Alberts, B., D. Bray, J. Lewis, M. Rolf, K. Roberts, and J. D. Watson. 1994. Molecular Biology of the
Cell. (3rd ed). Garland Publishing Inc, New York.
3. Darnal. J., H. Lodish and D. Baltimoye. 1990. Molecular Cell Biology, 2 nd Ed. Scientific American
Books. New York.
4. Freifelder, D. 1987. Molecular Biology. 2nd ed. Jones Bartlett Pub Inc, Boston.
5. Lehninger, A.L., D. L. Nelson and M.M. Cox. 1993. Principles of Biochemistry, 2 nd Ed. Worth Pub.,
New York.
6. Lewin, B. 1998. Gene VII. Oxford University Prees, USA.
7. Rawn, J.D. 1989. Biochemistry, Niel Patterson Pub., USA.
8. Reynolds, P.H.S. 1999. Inducible Gene Expression in Plant. CABI Publication, New York.
9. Stryer, L. 1995. Biochemistry, 4th Ed., W.H. Freeman and Co., New York.

BGE453: Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

1. Introduction: Biopharmaceuticals and biologics, pharmaceuticals of animal, plant and microbial

origin, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials of pharmaceuticals, role of regulatory authorities,
pharmacopeia.
2. Design and Maintenance of Aseptic Area: Basic concept and principles for designing aseptic area
for processing sterile pharmaceuticals and quality testing laboratory; methods for sterilization and
maintenance of aseptic conditions.
3. Microbiological Quality Control and Quality Assurance: Good manufacturing practice; Quality
control procedures; Quality assurance and control of microbiological risks in medicine; Laboratory
evaluation aseptic condition of environments, raw materials and products; Principle of testing
methods- antibiotic potency, concentration, preservatives and MIC and MBC, tests for sterility,
pyrogen and toxicity.
4. Final Product Analysis: Protein based contaminants, removal of altered form of protein, product
potency, determination of protein concentration, detection of protein-based product impurities,
immunological approach to detect the endogenic and other pyrogenic contaminants.
5. Therapeutic based on Biotechnology: Application of biotechnology for the biosynthesis of some
important medical and pharmaceutical products such as chemotherapeutic agents, interferon, growth
hormones, enzymes, steroids, blood products, vitamins etc.
6. Monoclonal Antibody: Production of monoclonal antibody and its role in treatment and diagnosis for
diseases.
7. Vaccine Manipulation: Recombinant vaccine and their application in recovery from viral diseases like
as AIDS, Hepatitis caused by B and C, small pox and Rabies virus, etc.

43
8. Gene Cloning: Cloning of human disease genes-detections of mutations in human genes; Functional
gene cloning; Candidate gene cloning; Positional gene cloning.
9. Human Gene Therapy: Ex-vivo and in-vivo gene therapy, practice of gene therapy, viral gene
delivery systems, pro-drug activation therapy; Nucleic acid therapeutic agents.

References:
1. B.R. Glick, J.J. Pasternak, C.L. Pattern: Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and applications of
recombinant DNA, 4th Edition.
2. G. Walsh: Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and biotechnology, 2nd Edition.
3. Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science.
4. Robert F. Mullar, Evan D. Young: Emery’s Elements of Medical Genetics.
5. Leon Lachman: The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy.
6. Williams: Recombinant DNA.
7. B. K. Sharma, N. Taked, N. K. Ganguly and P.K. Sigal: Adaptation Biology and Medicines.

BGE454: Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology lab

Based on course no.453

BGE455: Criminology and Forensic Biotechnology

1. Nature and Scope of Criminology: Definition of criminology; Nature and scope of criminology;
Development of criminology; Relations between criminology, penology and criminal law; Importance
of criminology; scientific status of criminology.

2. Concept of Crime: Definition of crime; Evolution of crime; Classification of crime; Characteristics of

crime; Difference between crime and sin, crime and immorality.

3. Overview and History of Forensic DNA Typing: Brief overview of forensic science; Pre-DNA era;
Early forensic markers; Blood typing; Serum protein typing; Serum enzyme typing Discovery of DNA
fingerprinting; First use of DNA to solve an immigration dispute; First use of DNA in solving a crime.

4. Basic genetic principles: DNA Polymorphism; Minisatellite sequences or Variable Number of

Tandem Repeats (VNTRs) Microsatellite sequences or Short Tandem Repeats (STRs); Biology and
nomenclature of STR markers Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs); Mitochondrial DNA
variations; Y-Chromosome variations; X-Chromosome STRs; Insertion-Deletion polymorphisms
(InDels); Amelogenin: the sex typing marker; Biological , Collection preservation and transportation of
blood, semen, saliva, tissue, bone & teeth samples; Presumptive tests for blood, semen and saliva.

5. DNA extraction and quantitation from forensic samples: DNA extraction by organic method,
Chelex method, FTA Card, Differential extraction, Spin columns, magnetic beads etc. ; DNA
Extraction from liquid blood, soft tissues, bone, teeth, buccal cells, semen, blood stains, semen stains
etc.; DNA quantitation by spectrophotometry, fluorometry, slot-blot, real-time PCR etc.

6. DNA typing methods: DNA Profile: Definition (DNA fingerprinting/ DNA typing/ DNA testing),
Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism (RFLP); Single locus and multi-locus DNA typing; Allele
specific oligonucleotides (ASO); Analysis of minisatellites by PCR; Current DNA typing method; STR
based DNA analysis; DNA detection methods: silver staining, fluorescent dyes; Capillary
electrophoresis: principles and Instrument platform for capillary electrophoresis e.g 310/3100 Genetic
analyzer NGS in forensics.

7. Applications of DNA Profiling: Identity test; Parentage test; Sibship analysis; Kinship analysis
Identification of disaster victims/missing persons Resolving immigration and inheritance disputes.

8. Statistical issues: Calculation of allele frequency; Calculation of forensic efficiency parameters;

Calculation of Random Probability of Match (PM); Calculation of Paternity Index (PI); Probability of
paternity; Calculation of Sibling index and Likelihood ratio; Pop Affiliator; Online calculator for
individual affiliation to a major population group.

44
9. DNA database: Allele frequency database; Convicted offender database; Crime-scene database;
Missing person’s database; Benefit of DNA database; International DNA databases: NDNA, CODIS,
YHRD, EMPOP etc.

10. Safeguards and Standards: DNA collection, analysis and reporting, data loading and match
reporting, retention of DNA profiles, samples, and other data, samples to be included, sample storage,
access to and uses of stored data and samples, use of DNA evidence in court, Oversight and
governance.

Recommended Books:

1. Bohm, M.Robert. & Haley, N. Keith. (2005), Introduction to Criminal Justice, 4th Edition,
Boston:Mcgraw Hill
2. Inacardi, James. A. (2005), Criminal Justice, 7th Edition, Boston: McGraw Hill.
3. Mask, Richard. C. (2006), Taking Sides: Clashing views on Controversial Issues in crime and
Criminal Justice, 6th Edition, Connecticut: Duskin / McGraw Hill.
4. Paranjape (), Criminology and Penology, New Delhi: Sultan Chand & Company.
5. Sutherland and Cressy, Criminology. Bartol, C. R. & Bartol, A. M. (2004). Introduction to Forensic
Psychology, CA: Sage Publications
6. Hollander and Edwin, Principles and Methods of Social Psychology
7. Swanson, Charles R. and others, Criminal investigation, 2000, Boston- McGrawhill
8. Mitra, B.B, The Code of Criminal Procedure
9. Boylan, Jeanne (2000), Portraits of Guilt: The Woman Who Profiles The Faces of America’s
Deadliest Criminals. New York: Pocket Star Books.
10. Kleiner, Murray (2001). Handbook of Polygraph Testing. San Diego, Calif.: Academic.
11. Lee, Henry C.; Palmbach, Timothy M. and Miller, Marilyn T. (2001). Henry Lee’s Crime Scene
Handbook. New York: Academic Press.
12. Castleman, Terry L. (2000), Death Investigation: A Handbook for Police Officers. Springfield, Ill.:
C.C. Thomas.

BGE457: GMO and Biosafety

1. Transgenesis: Animal cell culture, homologous recombination in mammalian cells, classic transgenic
mice-history, production and use, cre/lox recombination system as a tool in transgenic engineering,
transgenic mice in immunology, neurobiology and oncogenesis, transgenic animals, methods for
production of animals for production of (i) proteins and their pharmaceutical uses, (ii) understanding
the basic organ and tissue specific gene expression in the living body, (iii) animal models for human
or animal diseases, (iv) improving desired characteristics and productivity of domestic animals,
transgenic animals in agriculture and nutritional science and transgenic mice for biomedical research.
2. Risk for animal or human health: Toxicity and food quality/safety, allergies, pathogen drug
resistance (antibiotic resistance).
3. Risk for agriculture: Weeds or superweeds, alteration of nutritional value (attractiveness of the
organism to the pests), reduction of cultivars (increase of susceptibility) and loss of biodiversity.
4. Risk for the environment: Persistency of gene or transgene or transgene products,
resistance/tolerance of target organism or susceptibility of non-target organisms, increased use of
chemicals in agriculture, unpredictable gene expression or transgene instability.
5. General concerns: Loss of familiarity, higher cost of agriculture, field trials not planned for risk
assessment, ethical issues (labelling).
6. Biosafety regulations to protect nature: Growers and consumers interest and national interest.
7. Biosafety guidelines in Bangladesh: Scope and objectives of biosafety guidelines, biosafety
committees, risk assessment and risk management, biosafety levels- annex:I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII,VIII.

Recommended Books:

1. Food safety department, world : Modern food biotechnology, human health &
health organization development: An evidence based study
2. Maurizio G. Paoletti and David : Genetic engineering in agriculture and the environemnt:
Pimentel Assessing risk and benefits.
3. Rissler, J. and Mellon, M. : The ecological risks of engineered crops

45
4. Jack J Peterson : Molecular biotechnology, principles and applications of
recombinant DNA.
5. Bunnel BA and Morgan RA. : Gene therapy for infectious diseases
6. Strachan, Tom and Read, Andrew P : Human molecular genetics
7. Griffiths, Anthony J.F.; Gelbart, : Modern genetic analysis
Jeffrey H.; W. H. Freeman & Co.
8. Atlas and Bartha : Microbial ecology
9. D.L. Wise : Biotreatment systems, volume II

46